光学元件的激光损伤问题

光学元件是各类激光系统不可或缺的光学功能实现部件,其性能决定了激光系统的输出能力和光束质量。光学元件的激光损伤问题从激光发明起就一直伴随着激光技术的发展,随着激光新技术的发展和激光新应用的牵引,激光的波段、脉冲宽度以及重复频率等参数不断拓宽,使得激光损伤问题更加复杂,但万变不离其宗,激光损伤问题的核心是光学元件或光学材料对激光的吸收机制问题。从激光与光学材料相互作用的基本原理出发,以惯性约束聚变（ICF）激光驱动器应用的典型光学材料和光学元件为研究对象,回顾了针对光学元件的激光损伤问题开展的科研工作,总结了在此期间形成的关键技术和里程碑进展,同时也对依然困扰该领域的几类光学元件存在的问题瓶颈以及进一步研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

Non-invasive and low-artifact in vivo brain imaging by using a scanning acoustic-photoacoustic dual mode microscopy

Photoacoustic imaging is a potential candidate for in vivo brain imaging, whereas, its imaging performance could be degraded by inhomogeneous multi-layered media, consisted of scalp and skull. In this work, we propose a low-artifact photoacoustic microscopy (LAPAM) scheme, which combines conventional acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with scanning acoustic microscopy to suppress the reflection artifacts induced by multi-layers. Based on similar propagation characteristics of photoacoustic signals and ultrasonic echoes, the ultrasonic echoes can be employed as the filters to suppress the reflection artifacts to obtain low-artifact photoacoustic images. Phantom experiment is used to validate the effectiveness of this method. Furthermore, LAPAM is applied for in-vivo imaging mouse brain without removing the scalp and the skull. Experimental results show that the proposed method successfully achieves the low-artifact brain image, which demonstrates the practical applicability of LAPAM. This work might improve the photoacoustic imaging quality in many biomedical applications which involve tissues with complex acoustic properties, such as brain imaging through scalp and skull.     

金银三层纳米管局域表面等离激元共振特性研究

相对于单一金属纳米材料,二金属复合纳米材料具有更大的潜在应用价值.基于时域有限差分方法,研究了SiO₂-Ag-Au和SiO₂-Au-Ag二金属三层纳米管的消光光谱,并对其局域表面等离激元共振(Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance,LSPR)特性进行了分析.研究发现,内核尺寸变大将导致上述两种金属纳米管LSPR峰红移;内层金属及外层金属壳层厚度增大均会导致其LSPR峰蓝移.银壳厚度变化对纳米管LSPR的调制作用大于金壳厚度变化造成的影响.上述现象可以利用等离激元杂化理论及自由电子和振荡电子变化的竞争机制进行分析.     

Low temperature testing and neutron irradiation of a swept charge device on board the HXMT satellite

We present the low temperature testing of an SCD detector, investigating its performance such as readout noise, energy resolution at 5.9 keV and dark current. The SCD's performance is closely related to temperature, and the temperature range of -80 ℃ to -50 ℃ is the best choice, where the FWHM at 5.9 keV is about 130 eV. The influence of the neutron irradiation from an electrostatic accelerator with fluence up to 1×10⁹ cm^-2 has been examined. We find the SCD is not vulnerable to neutron irradiation. The detailed operations of the SCD and the test results of low temperature are reported, and the results of neutron irradiation are discussed.     

Influence of limited-view scanning on depth imaging of photoacoustic tomography

We study the influence of limited-view scanning on the depth imaging of photoacoustic tomography.The situation,in which absorbers are located at different depths with respect to the limited-view scanning trajectory,is called depth imaging and is investigated in this paper.The results show that limited-view scanning causes the reconstructed intensity of deep absorbers to be weaker than that of shallow ones and that deep absorbers will be invisible if the scanning range is too small.The concept of effective scanning angle is proposed to analyse that phenomenon.We find that an effective scanning angle can well predict the relationship between scanning angle and the intensity ratio of absorbers.In addition,limited-view scanning is employed to improve image quality.     

电化学共聚邻甲基苯胺和邻氨基苯甲酸的在线紫外-可见光谱的研究

在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄水溶液中, 以氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃为工作电极, 用恒电位电解的方法, 在0.9 V电位下电化学共聚邻甲基苯胺(OT)和邻氨基苯甲酸(AA). 涉及的电化学聚合均用在线紫外-可见光谱进行跟踪, 结果表明电化学共聚随着反应体系中邻氨基苯甲酸的浓度的增加而变慢; 所得的均聚物和共聚物均用FTIR和扫描电镜表征. FTIR表明邻甲基苯胺和邻氨基苯甲酸之间发生了共聚; 扫描电镜图表明, 与聚邻甲基苯胺相比, 从200 mmol/L OT/50 mmol/L AA和150 mmol/L OT/50 mmol/L AA反应体系得到的共聚物具有小颗粒和较为致密的表面形貌; 这个现象也帮助证明了邻氨基苯甲酸应该与邻甲基苯胺发生了共聚, 并使表面形貌发生了改变.     

高氯乳剂的稳定剂和防灰雾剂

本文综述了有关高氯乳剂稳定剂和防灰雾剂概况,尤其是近 20年的文献报道.主要介绍了杂环化合物和磺酸盐化合物这两大类稳定剂和防灰雾剂,其中较为详细地分述了氮杂茚类和含巯基类杂环化合物作为稳定剂和防灰雾剂在高氯化银乳剂中的应用.     

水相法制备CdS纳米棒

水相法制备CdS纳米棒;cds纳米棒;水相溶液;晶体生长;乙二胺     

强场一维模型问题的保Wronskian守恒算法

提出辛算法是保Wronskian守恒的算法,把辛算法应用于强激光场一维模型的计算中,结果显示,Wronskian保持不变,与理论分析一致。     

有机/无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

有机／无机纳米复合材料以其优异的性能越来越受到人们的关注。本文分析总结了有机／无机纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能及其应用,着重介绍了溶胶一凝胶法和原位聚合法。参考文献28篇。