壳管相变蓄热器强化传热实验研究

为了强化相变蓄热器传热性能,本文设计了三种新型壳管相变蓄热器结构,并对其换热性能进行实验研究。结果表明:在蓄热器内部添加分层结构和斜翅片换热性能最高,内部温度达到均匀化的时间随换热单元数增加而增大;换热管道间翅片的添加可有效地强化换热效果,改善蓄热器内部出现的温度严重分层现象,温度分布更加均匀;在研究范围内,换热流体温度的增加可有效提高蓄热器的换热效率,缩短相变时间。     

Low temperature testing and neutron irradiation of a swept charge device on board the HXMT satellite

We present the low temperature testing of an SCD detector, investigating its performance such as readout noise, energy resolution at 5.9 keV and dark current. The SCD's performance is closely related to temperature, and the temperature range of -80 ℃ to -50 ℃ is the best choice, where the FWHM at 5.9 keV is about 130 eV. The influence of the neutron irradiation from an electrostatic accelerator with fluence up to 1×10⁹ cm^-2 has been examined. We find the SCD is not vulnerable to neutron irradiation. The detailed operations of the SCD and the test results of low temperature are reported, and the results of neutron irradiation are discussed.     

Measurements of charge transfer ef f iciency in a proton-irradiated swept charge device

Charged Coupled Devices(CCDs) have been successfully used in several low energy X-ray astronomical satellites over the past two decades. Their high energy resolution and high spatial resolution make them a perfect tool for low energy astronomy, such as observing the formation of galaxy clusters and the environment around black holes. The Low Energy X-ray Telescope(LE) group is developing a Swept Charge Device(SCD) for the Hard Xray Modulation Telescope(HXMT) satellite. A SCD is a special low energy X-ray CCD, which can be read out a thousand times faster than traditional CCDs, simultaneously keeping excellent energy resolution. A test method for measuring the charge transfer efficiency(CTE) of a prototype SCD has been set up. Studies of the charge transfer inefficiency(CTI) with a proton-irradiated SCD have been performed at a range of operating temperatures. The SCD is irradiated by 3×108cm-210 MeV protons.     

Design and optimization of the readout system for X-ray CCDs

A readout system for X-ray CCDs based on an improved architecture is presented; by optimizing several critical circuit blocks along the analog signal chain, the conflict between the readout speed and readout noise is greatly alleviated. Using CCD47-10 as its target CCD, the readout system has achieved 8.6e^- readout noise and 142 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV Mn m K_α under a pixel rate of 80 kHz. Also its performance of imaging has been investigated.     

隔板间距对露点冷却器性能的影响

研究了在不同的通道长度、进气速度和板型条件下,隔板间距对逆流露点间接蒸发冷却器冷却效率的影响。结果表明:在研究范围内,随着进气速度的增加,平直隔板达到最佳湿球效率时的间距也随之增加。当通道长度增加时,平直隔板达到最佳湿球效率时的间距不变,为8mm。相同环境条件下,波纹隔板和平直隔板冷却效率达到最佳时的间距不同,且在隔板间距小于9mm时,波纹隔板的湿球效率低于平直隔板,强化传热的效果并不理想。     

环境温度与对流换热系数对电池散热性能的影响研究

为提高动力电池散热能力,优化工作性能,本文采用数值模拟方法,分析环境温度、对流换热系数对填充相变材料动力电池散热效果的影响,并对比分析导热系数为0. 21 W/(m·℃)的纯石蜡和导热系数为16. 6 W/(m·℃)的复合相变材料散热性能。结果表明,环境温度升高,电池温升速率加快,相变材料相变时间点提前,相变时间缩短,电池冷却效果变差;对流换热系数增加5 W/m~2,相变材料相变时间延长2 000 s,电池温升推迟,但当电池持续工作、相变材料完全融化时,电池温度不再受控制,这说明单一的相变冷却已不能满足电池散热要求,须外加空气冷却、液体冷却辅助散热。     

硬X射线调制望远镜低能探测器量子效率标定

低能X射线望远镜是硬X射线调制望远镜卫星的主要载荷之一,探测器采用CCD236.探测器的量子效率会影响能谱拟合和绝对流量,有必要对其进行标定.利用~(55)Fe放射源,以硅漂移探测器为标准探测器,标定了CCD236在Mn-K_α(5.899 keV)和Mn-K_β(6.497 keV)能量点处的量子效率,此能段在Fe线附近,对X射线天文观测有重要价值.考虑探测器的分裂事例后,Mn-K_α和Mn-K_β处的量子效率分别为71%和62%.在-95—-30?C工作温度范围内,CCD量子效率与温度无关.利用CCD236的结构及实测的量子效率,不考虑沟阻影响,得到耗尽层厚度为38μm.对CCD236施加不同的电压,其量子效率基本不变,表明其在两相驱动下高低电平的耗尽层厚度相等,进而说明CCD236一直工作在深耗尽状态,其耗尽层到了外延层和衬底层边界,已达最大值.     

环境工况对弧形板逆流蒸发冷却器性能影响

本文设计了弧形板片式露点蒸发冷却器,研究了环境工况和进气速度比对其冷却效率的影响。研究结果表明:在研究范围内,工作气体与产出气体进气速度比为1.5时冷却效率最大,达到126.24%;通过与传统结构对比,在相同的进气温度、环境湿度、进气速度条件下,该种间接蒸发冷却器冷却效率最大可以提高10.32%、25.82%、13.87%。     

逆流式波纹隔板露点间接蒸发冷却器性能研究

提出一种逆流式波纹隔板露点间接蒸发冷却器,该冷却器可将空气温度降低到湿球温度以下并接近露点温度。本文研究了不同的通道长度、产气通道高度、工作通道高度对露点间接蒸发冷却器冷却效率的影响。结果表明:在研究范围内,湿球效率随通道长度的增加而增大,随产气通道高度的增加而减小。在工作通道高度为2~10mm间时,随工作通道高度的增加,湿球效率先增大后减小,且在工作通道高度为5mm时湿球效率最大。     

EP-FXT聚焦镜真实表面状态的性能模拟方法

后随X射线望远镜(follow-up X-ray telescope, FXT)是爱因斯坦探针卫星的主要载荷之一.为了获取高信噪比的数据,实现对观测天体的高精度定位, FXT使用Wolter-Ⅰ型X射线聚焦光学系统,该系统一直是X射线空间天文观测中的重要设备.根据Wolter-Ⅰ型的聚焦原理,结合实际的加工特点,利用蒙特卡罗模拟算法对影响光学成像质量的几个关键参量,如表面粗糙度、面形误差进行了模拟,结合模拟结果对各参量的作用效果进行了分析.之后利用PANTER实验室提供的聚焦镜性能测试结果对模拟方法进行了验证,同时对面形误差参量进行了限制.最终聚焦镜结构热控件半能量宽度(half energy width, HEW)模拟与实测结果基本一致.该模拟过程可以很有效地应用于聚焦镜加工工艺的摸索,为FXT的聚焦镜测试和标定工作提供参考.结合实测标定数据,该模拟方法生成的有效面积、渐晕和点扩散函数等可用于在轨观测标定数据库.