聚吡咯纳米线凝胶的模板制备及储能与电化学传感性能

以配位聚合物凝胶为模板, 构筑均一的聚吡咯纳米线网络, 聚合后经简单处理除去模板, 得到性能优异的聚吡咯凝胶. 结果表明, 模板法合成的聚吡咯凝胶为由均一纳米线组成的三维网络结构, 具有良好的力学性能、 较大的比表面积及优异的电化学特性, 在0.28 A/g电流密度下, 比电容可达450 F/g, 在2.8 A/g电流密度下充放电1000次, 比电容仍可保持88.6%. 聚吡咯纳米线网络凝胶经葡萄糖氧化酶负载后得到柔性传感电极, 对低浓度(0.2 mmol/L)的葡萄糖具有快速响应性能, 有望用于超级电容器及生物电化学传感器等领域.     

Single-Atom Iron Catalysts on Overhang-Eave Carbon Cages for High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Single-atom catalysts have drawn great attention, especially in electrocatalysis. However, most of previous works focus on the enhanced catalytic properties via improving metal loading. Engineering morphologies of catalysts to facilitate mass transport through catalyst layers, thus increasing the utilization of each active site, is regarded as an appealing way for enhanced performance. Herein, we design an overhang-eave structure decorated with isolated single-atom iron sites via a silica-mediated MOF-templated approach for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis. This catalyst demonstrates superior ORR performance in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes, comparable to the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst and superior to most precious-metal-free catalysts reported to date. This activity originates from its edge-rich structure, having more three-phase boundaries with enhanced mass transport of reactants to accessible single-atom iron sites (increasing the utilization of active sites), which verifies the practicability of such a synthetic approach.     

Studies on the mechanisms of powerful terahertz radiations from laser plasmas

A survey on the mechanisms of powerful terahertz (THz) radiation from laser plasmas is presented.Firstly,an analytical model is described,showing that a transverse net current formed in a plasma can be converted into THz radiations at the plasma oscillation frequency.This theory is applied to explain THz generation in a gas driven by two-color laser pulses.It is also applied to THz generation in a tenuous plasma driven by a chirped laser pulse,a few-cycle laser pulse,a DC/AC bias electric field.These are well verified by particle-in-cell simulations,demonstrating that THz radiations produced in these approaches are nearly single-cycles and linear polarized.In the chirped laser scheme and the few-cycle laser scheme,THz radiations with the peak field strength of tens of MV/cm and the peak power of gigawatt can be achieved with the incident laser intensity less than 10 17 W/cm 2.     

一种带有沙漏控制的新型EAS实体壳单元

基于 Hu-Washizu 变分原理推导了一种带有沙漏控制的实体壳单元的显式有限元列式;采用面内单点积分方案,提高了计算效率;同时引入沙漏控制力,抑制了沙漏现象.基于缩减积分方案,采用 B-bar 法消除体积自锁,并通过添加七个改善拟应变参数解决了泊松自锁和剪切自锁.采用改善拟应变法消除剪切自锁,使得表达式简洁.利用这种显式实体壳单元模型对3个非线性变形的标准算例进行了计算,并与相关参考文献和有限元软件 ABAQUS 的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:该实体壳单元具有较高的计算精度,可有效地解决板壳非线性大变形分析问题,具有很好的工程应用前景.     

Optical oxygen sensing materials based on a novel dirhenium(I) complex assembled in mesoporous silica

A new dirhenium(I) complex fac-[{Re(CO)₃(4,7-dinonadecyl-1,10-phenanthro -line)}₂ (4,4′-bipyridyl)] (trifluoromethanesulfonate)₂ (denoted as D-Re(I) ) is assembled in MCM-41 and SBA-15 type mesoporous silica support. The emission peaks of D-Re(I) in D-Re(I)/MCM-41 and D-Re(I)/SBA-15 are observed at 522 and 517 nm, respectively. Their long excited lifetimes, which are of the order of microseconds, indicate the presence of phosphorescence emission arising from the metal to ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transition. The luminescence intensities of D-Re(I)/MCM-41 and D-Re(I)/SBA-15 decrease remarkably with increase in the oxygen concentration, meaning that they can be used as optical oxygen sensing materials based on luminescence quenching. The ratios I₀/I₁₀₀ of D-Re(I)/MCM-41 and D-Re(I)/SBA-15 are estimated to be 5.6 and 20.1, respectively. The obtained Stern-Volmer oxygen quenching plots of the mesoporous sensing materials could be fitted well to the two-site Demas model and Lehrer model.     

808 nm大功率半导体激光器阵列的优化设计

 采用激射波长为808 nm的GaAs/AlGaAs梯度折射率波导分别限制单量子阱结构外延片,制备了沟道深度不同的半导体激光器阵列,并对载流子分布进行理论分析和模拟。理论和实验结果表明：引入脊形台面和隔离沟道后,激光器阵列的输出功率、电光转换效率、斜率效率和光谱特性均有显著提高。随着沟道的加深,对电流侧向扩散的限制作用增强,从而提高了阵列性能。     

乙酰丙酮氧钼催化的苯乙烯双羟化反应

以钼酸铵与乙酰丙酮反应生成催化剂乙酰丙酮氧钼MoO2(acac)2,考察了反应溶剂、氧化剂存在形式、不同助催化剂、反应温度、底物配比和催化剂量对苯乙烯双羟化反应的影响。在优化的反应条件下,以过氧叔丁醇为氧化剂得到苯乙烯双羟化反应的转化率、化学选择性和分离产率分别为85.2%、70.7%和53.3%。并探讨了可能的催化机理以及改进方向。     

氨基酸席夫碱的合成及性质研究

合成了5种氨基酸席夫碱Sal-Gly(甘氨酸席夫碱)、Sal-Glu(谷氨酸席夫碱)、Sal-Met(甲硫氨酸席夫碱)、Sal-Tyr(酪氨酸席夫碱)、Sal-Arg(精氨酸席夫碱)及其金属锌离子配合物共10种化合物.用元素分析、核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱等手段对其组成的结构进行表征.以Sal-Tyr-Zn为主体,咪唑(1),1-甲基-咪唑(2),2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(3),吡唑(4),4-碘苯胺(5),DABCO(1,4-重氮双环[2,2,2]辛烷)(6),邻苯二胺(7)和1,2-环己二胺(8)为客体,进行配位相互作用研究.选取大肠杆菌作为抑菌菌种,研究了氨基酸席夫碱的抑菌能力.结果表明,氨基酸席夫碱配体及金属锌配合物对大肠杆菌均有抑菌活性,配体的抗菌活性随氨基酸残基的增大而减小.金属锌配合物的抑菌活性大于其所对应的氨基酸席夫碱配体的抑菌活性,活性最大的则为Sal-Arg-Zn.     

固体进样-冷原子吸收法测定食用明胶中的微量汞

样品直接置于石英舟中,在高纯氧气氛中燃烧,释放出的汞与齐化管中的金形成金汞齐,于900℃加热释放出汞蒸气,用冷原子吸收法测定汞的含量。方法的检出限为0.003 ng,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.13%(n=6),加标回收率为90.5%~97.0%,并用标准样品对方法进行了确证。该方法具有良好的精密度与准确度,适用于明胶中微量汞的测定。     

Immiscible Displacement in the Interacting Capillary Bundle Model Part I. Development of Interacting Capillary Bundle Model

An interacting capillary bundle model is developed for analysing immiscible displacement processes in porous media. In this model, pressure equilibration among the capillaries is stipulated and capillary forces are included. This feature makes the model entirely different from the traditional tube bundle models in which fluids in different capillaries are independent of each other. In this work, displacements of a non-wetting phase by a wetting phase at different injection rates were analysed using the interacting capillary bundle model. The predicted evolutions of saturation profiles were consistent with both numerical simulation and experimental results for porous media reported in literature which cannot be re-produced with the non-interacting tube bundle models.