爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的动力响应及破坏形态分析

对基于Timoshenko梁理论建立的非线性动力有限元法作了改进。根据压区理论得到混凝土的平均剪应力和平均剪应变关系,建立了能反映箍筋的抗剪作用的材料模型;此外,对结构在爆炸荷载作用下可能出现的各种响应现象进行了描述,以准确地预测梁破坏时不同位置截面上钢筋和混凝土的受力、变形及破坏情况。应用改进的材料模型,对爆炸荷载作用下的五个钢筋混凝土试验梁的动力响应和破坏形态进行了数值模拟,结果表明,该数值方法能较好地模拟钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲、弯剪和剪切等破坏形态。     

反射型云纹法在岩石爆破机理研究中的应用

利用反射型动态云纹实验方法，对爆炸载荷作用下岩石平板试件中应力波传播及裂纹动态扩展进行研究，给出了高速转镜相机记录到的岩石平板爆炸加载实验时的动态云纹图。根据动态云纹图分析了炸药爆炸产生的应变场，并对裂纹的形成及其扩展速度的变化趋势进行了讨论。     

水平圆管中受压扭作用管桩屈曲后的解析解

首先建立了考虑自重、受水平圆管约束的管柱在压担组合作用下的屈曲方程：此方程为四阶强非线性常微分方程，难以直接精确求解；通过管柱的正弦屈由分析，找到了方程中的小参数；利用小参数摄动法求解了强非线性屈曲方程，得到了管柱螺旋屈曲后的实际屈曲构形解析解，由此可进一步得到管柱发生螺旋屈曲的临界载荷；所得解析结果与数值计算结果及本文结果退化后与文献中的相关结果比较都有良好的一致性．     

冲击载荷作用下弹塑性板的反常动力响应研究

对弹塑性方板在横向脉冲载荷作用下动力响应的反直观行为进行了数值模拟及分析,给出了产生反直观行为的载荷范围和对相关问题的探讨。详细的分析发现,随着脉冲强度的增加,在几个窄的载荷区域,板的响应是反直观的,而且在此附近,结构参数、载荷等因素的微小改变将导致响应模式的很大差异,表明反直观行为对这些参数的敏感性。进一步的计算表明,这一特殊的动力行为主要与板的内力间的相互耦合作用密切相关,同时,卸载后的结构反弹到另一侧时发生较大的反向塑性变形,导致能量的进一步耗散,使板呈现反常的动力响应,这一现象是几何与材料两种非线性相互作用的结果。     

Localized solutions to the nonlinear wave equation for flexural motions of an elastic beam traveling in an air-filled tube

Steady-progressive-wave solutions are sought to the nonlinear wave equation derived previously [J. Fluids Struct. 16 (2002) 597] for flexural motions of an elastic beam traveling in an air-filled tube along its center axis at a subsonic speed. Fluid-structure interactions are taken into account through aerodynamic loading on the lateral surface of the beam subjected to small but finite deflection but end effects and viscous effects are neglected. Linear dispersion characteristics are first examined by exploiting the small ratio of the induced mass to the mass of the beam per unit length. Centered around the traveling speed of the beam, there exists such a narrow range of propagation velocity that the linear steady propagation is prohibited. In this range, it is revealed that some interesting nonlinear solutions exist. The periodic wavetrain is found to exist as the exact solution. Asymptotic analysis is then made by applying the method of multiple scales and the stationary nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived for a complex amplitude. A monochromatic solution to this equation corresponds to the exact periodic solution. Imposing undisturbed boundary conditions at infinity, it is revealed that the localized solution exists as a result of balance between the linear instability and the nonlinearity. This solution is checked by solving the nonlinear equation numerically. It is further revealed that the amplitude-modulated wavetrain exists not only in the range of the velocity mentioned above but also outside of it.     

A 3D model of the cyclic thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloys

The model in the first part of this paper is extended to account for SMA behavior under cyclic loading. To this end, three new state variables are introduced: internal stress B, residual strain ?_r and cumulated martensite volume fraction z_e. Several parameters of the extended model depend on z_e, making them evolve with cyclic phase change. Cyclic SMA effects including training and two-way shape memory are accounted for and several numerical simulations are provided and validated in the case of cyclic superelasticity.     

触变性流体在振荡载荷作用下的响应

采用Moore型触变性流体本构方程，研究了振荡载荷作用下的应力响应．发现：(1)稳态情况下，描述流体内部结构状态的参量为时间的周期函数；(2)剪应力和剪应变率之间关系为一闭合的滞后环。     

ANALYSIS OF THE LOCALIZATION OF DAMAGE AND THE COMPLETE STRESS-STRAIN RELATION FOR MESOSCOPIC HETEROGENEOUS ROCK UNDER UNIAXIAL TENSILE LOADING

The mechanical behavior of rock under uniaxial tensile loading is different from that of rock under compressive loads. A micromechanics-based model was proposed for mesoscopic heterogeneous brittle rock undergoing irreversible changes of their microscopic structures due to microcrack growth. The complete stress-strain relation including linear elasticity, nonlinear hardening, rapid stress drop and strain softening was obtained. The influence of all microcracks with different sizes and orientations were introduced into the constitutive relation by using the probability density function describing the distribution of orientations and the probability density function describing the distribution of sizes. The influence of Weibull distribution describing the distribution of orientations and Rayleigh function describing the distribution of sizes on the constitutive relation were researched. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.     

自动消除载荷偏心影响的引伸计研究

本文基于拉伸圆截面试样圆周上各点的应变分析，提出一种自动消除载荷偏心影响的引伸计。该引伸计结构简单、可靠、使用方便。特别是在测定金属杨氏模量中更为适用。用电测实验对比校核的数据表明，自动消除载荷偏心影响引伸计安装在不同位置上测量的相对误差不超过０．５％。     

薄板结构的安定性分析

本文关于薄板的分析采用样条函数插值及结构中的残余应力场用温度参数模拟，解决了薄板结构在交变载荷作用下的安定问题。由于温度参数的引用，使得研究的问题的自由度大幅度减少，文中还对薄板的Ｍｉｓｅｓ型屈服函数进行了线性化处理，它是安定定理的求解线性化的基础，算例表明本文所提出的方法及程序的可行和有效。