微波法制备CaMoO4:Tb3+,Eu3+白色荧光粉及其发光性能研究

通过微波法制备了CaMoO4:Tb3+,Eu3+白色荧光粉.采用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪对样品材料的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征.分别讨论了在不同助剂、不同反应浓度、不同反应温度及稀土离子Eu3+和Tb3+共掺比例变化对荧光粉的发光性能的影响.结果表明:不加活性剂所得CaMoO4:Tb3+,Eu3+样品在反应浓度为0.06 mol/L、反应温度为120℃时发光性能最好;通过调节CaMoO4:Tb3+,Eu3+荧光粉中稀土离子Eu3+和Tb3+共掺比例荧光粉的发光颜色可以很容易地从冷白光变为暖白光.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

多层状碱式碳酸锌微晶的制备及其脱除Cu2+性能研究

以壳聚糖(CS)为生物模板,采用低温水热法成功制备出了多层状碱式碳酸锌(ZCHO)微晶.采用XRD、SEM和TG等手段对产物的结构、形态和热学性能进行了表征,结果表明,单个ZCHO微晶颗粒均是由许多ZCHO纳米片构成的.添加适量的CS对形成多层状ZCHO微晶起到了至关重要的作用.热重分析结果表明,CS辅助得到的碳酸锌微晶热稳定性较高.等温吸附实验表明,在室温下,多层状ZCHO微晶能有效脱除水体中的Cu2,去除量与浓度关系符合Freundlich模型.最后讨论了多层状ZCHO微晶大容量去除Cu2+的可能机理.     

水热法制备Nd3+-介孔TiO2/GO复合材料及光催化性能研究

采用水热法首先制备稀土Nd3+掺杂介孔TiO2,进而复合氧化石墨烯(GO)合成了系列Nd3+-介孔TiO2/GO复合材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、孔结构分析(BJH与BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis)等测试手段对样品的微观结构、形貌、样品表面各元素价态及谱学性质进行表征,并以甲基橙模拟污染物测试其光催化性能.结果表明,所制样品均为锐钛矿结构TiO2,晶粒尺寸在3~4 nm之间;从UV-vis测试结果分析可知,与Nd3+-介孔TiO2和TiO2/GO相比,稀土Nd3+和GO的协同效应更能有效减小TiO2半导体禁带宽度,从而增加其对可见光的吸收.此外,不同光照射下光催化降解甲基橙的实验表明,所制备样品均有较强的紫外及可见光光催化性能,其中系列Nd3+-介孔TiO2/GO复合体系可见光光催化性能更为显著.     

立方相KNbO3晶体本征空位点缺陷的电子结构研究

利用第一性原理从头计算方法对立方相KNbO3晶体的肖特基缺陷的稳定性、能带结构、电子态密度和磁性性质进行了研究.发现含本征点缺陷的KNbO3体系结构稳定;K,Nb空位诱导KNbO3缺陷晶体产生铁磁性;O空位则无此性质.K空位诱导KNbO3缺陷晶体磁性源于O原子2p轨道退简并;Nb空位诱导KNbO3缺陷晶体磁性源于O-2p电子极化.     

“蜡烛火焰划分”实验的局限成因分析及改进研究

人教版初中化学首个探究性实验"蜡烛及其燃烧"明确指出火焰的划分方法，但在实际教学中肉眼观察法和火柴梗燃烧法对蜡烛火焰的划分存在一定的局限性。采用文献研究法和实验验证法分析其局限性的成因——燃料的析炭能力强弱、材料结构的不同等，并提出相应的改进建议。     

σ2 Hessian方程的Pogorelov型C2 内估计及应用

提出利用拉格朗日乘子法重新证明σ2算子的最优凹性,并定义了一个凸锥Γ3?=λ=(λ1,λ2,?,λn)∈Rn:σ1(λ)>0,σ2(λ|i)>0,1≤i≤n。利用σ2算子的最优凹性，给出了σ2Hessian方程Pogorelov型C2内估计，进而证明了σ2(D2u(x))=1,x∈Rn的满足二次多项式增长条件的Γ3?-凸整解为二次多项式。