Numerical analysis of respiratory flow patterns within human upper airway

A computational fluid dynamics （CFD） approach is used to study the respiratory airflow dynamics within a human upper airway. The airway model which consists of the airway from nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx and trachea to triple bifurcation is built based on the CT images of a healthy volunteer and the Weibel model. The flow character- istics of the whole upper airway are quantitatively described at any time level of respiratory cycle. Simulation results of respiratory flow show good agreement with the clinical mea- sures, experimental and computational results in the litera- ture. The air mainly passes through the floor of the nasal cavity in the common, middle and inferior nasal meatus. The higher airway resistance and wall shear stresses are distrib- uted on the posterior nasal valve. Although the airways of pharynx, larynx and bronchi experience low shear stresses, it is notable that relatively high shear stresses are distrib- uted on the wall of epiglottis and bronchial bifurcations. Besides, two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction models of normal and abnormal airways are built to discuss the flow-induced deformation in various anatomy models. The result shows that the wall deformation in normal airway is relatively small.     

Polar molecule dominated electrorheological effect

The yield stress of our newly developed electrorheological (ER) fluids consisting of dielectric nano-particles suspended in silicone oil reaches hundreds of kPa, which is orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional ones. We found that the polar molecules adsorbed on the particles play a decisive role in such new ER fluids. To explain this polar molecule dominated ER (PM-ER) effect a model is proposed based on the interaction of polar molecule-charge between the particles, where the local electric field is significantly enhanced and results in the polar molecules aligning in the direction of the electric field. The model can well explain the giant ER effect and a near-linear dependence of the yield stress on the electric field. The main effective factors for achieving high-performance PM-ER fluids are discussed. The PM-ER fluids with the yield stress higher than one MPa can be expected.     

Analytical solution of restrained torsional stresses and displacement for rectangular-section box bar with hontycomb core

Differential equation of restrained torsion for rectangular-section box bar with honeycomb core was established and solved by using the method of undetermined function. Non-dimension normal stress, shear stress acting in the faceplate and shear stress acting in the honeycomb-core and warping displacement were deduced. Numerical analysis shows the normal stress attenuates quickly along x-axis. Normal stress acting on the cross section at a distance of 20 h from the fixed end is only one per cent of that acting on the fixed end.     

聚苯胺类电流变体的稳态剪切流动分析

对聚苯胺、及聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸盐复合粒子的稳态剪切流动行为进行了综合考察.结果表明, 在交流电场下,电流变体的剪切应力和剪切速率的关系符合Bingham流体形为.并对此现象进行了分析,提出用非理想塑性体的新模型来描述交流电场下聚苯胺类电流变体的稳态剪切流动.     

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介绍了HL-2M环向场线圈的基本结构设计及其承受的电磁载荷,分析了水平预加载、中心柱预应力筒以及环向抗扭支撑对线圈匝间剪切应力的影响.结果表明,水平预加载及预应力筒在中心柱内产生的压应力有利于提高中心柱的抗扭刚度;环向支撑刚度增加可减小线圈的面内剪切应力.在正常运行工况下,环向场线圈的最大匝间剪切应力小于8MPa,其结构设计满足线圈强度要求.对于大破裂瞬态事件,匝间最大剪切应力约12MPa,接近绝缘材料的剪切疲劳极限,建议采取破裂抑制措施避免该情况发生.     

跨音速转子叶顶泄漏流/主流交界面的前移机制

采用数值计算和实验研究相结合的方法,研究了跨音速转子叶顶泄漏流与主流交界面轴向位置随流量的变化规律和机制.该跨音转子是美国圣母大学一级半跨音速压气机转子.研究发现机匣壁面脉线分布能够定性反映壁面轴向剪切应力分布,可用来识别叶顶泄漏流与主流的交界面位置.通过机匣壁面的脉线分布,可以看出机匣壁面存在两条零剪切应力线.第一条...     

电流变液在平行平板剪切下的动态响应

建立了用于测试电流变液在两平行平板间剪切时对外加高压阶跃电场的剪切应力响应的实验测试系统.此系统对剪切应力变化的时间分辨率可以达到10 μs量级.利用此系统对基于沸石和硅油的电流变液的极化和退极化过程,电流变液在不同外加电场强度和不同剪切速率条件下的剪切应力上升和撤去电场时剪切应力的下降过程进行了研究.研究发现电流变液的剪切速率越高,其响应时间越短,随着外加电场的升高,响应时间略有增加.此实验结果与其他现有相关研究结果比较吻合.     

纳米晶体材料中小角度晶界湮没过程研究

本文针对纳米晶材料演化过程中的小角度晶界湮没,建立位错运动方程,计算模拟小角度晶界的晶格位错在外应力的作用下发生的运动,结果表明导致小角度晶界湮没的重要原因是切应力作用,破坏了晶界位错的受力平衡。这种湮没过程导致了高浓度的可整体移动的晶格位错形成。在纳米晶体材料中,这种被施加应力诱发的位错集体迁移,具有可塑的局部流动特性。     

用PIV测试涡旋波流场的速度和剪应力分布

采用PIV瞬态流场测试技术,对二维槽道中的涡旋波流场不同相位上的速度分布和应力分布进行了测试和计算,本文定量地描述了槽道中涡旋波的形成过程及发展规律。通过调整振荡流的振幅和活塞行程,分析了Re数和Sr数对涡旋波流动的影响,得出了槽道内剪应力的分布状况以及平均剪切应力的周期性变化规律。深入分析了涡旋波流场强化传递现象的本质。     

弹塑性有限变形的广义Prandtl—Reuss本构方程和应力共旋率研究

本文通过一种新的途径研究弹塑性有限变形的广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程·研究表明对于广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程，变形率弹塑性和分解的假设并非必须·研究了采用物质共旋率的广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程，从理论上分析了简单剪切应力振荡的原因·提出一种用于构造广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程中应力和背应力共旋率的修正相对旋率·最后，对简单剪切变形进行应力计算·