纳米晶体材料中小角度晶界湮没过程研究

本文针对纳米晶材料演化过程中的小角度晶界湮没,建立位错运动方程,计算模拟小角度晶界的晶格位错在外应力的作用下发生的运动,结果表明导致小角度晶界湮没的重要原因是切应力作用,破坏了晶界位错的受力平衡。这种湮没过程导致了高浓度的可整体移动的晶格位错形成。在纳米晶体材料中,这种被施加应力诱发的位错集体迁移,具有可塑的局部流动特性。     

用PIV测试涡旋波流场的速度和剪应力分布

采用PIV瞬态流场测试技术,对二维槽道中的涡旋波流场不同相位上的速度分布和应力分布进行了测试和计算,本文定量地描述了槽道中涡旋波的形成过程及发展规律。通过调整振荡流的振幅和活塞行程,分析了Re数和Sr数对涡旋波流动的影响,得出了槽道内剪应力的分布状况以及平均剪切应力的周期性变化规律。深入分析了涡旋波流场强化传递现象的本质。     

水平槽道气固两相湍流边界层的PIV测量

本文运用粒子图像速度场测量仪(PIV)对水平槽道气固两相湍流边界层进行研究.实验雷诺数为Rer=444,选用两种粒径分别为60μm和110μm的聚乙烯颗粒作为固相,质量载荷控制在1×10-3.实验结果表明即便在较低载荷下,固相颗粒的存在仍然能比较明显地改变边界层的湍流属性以及拟序结构,而且可以发现在近壁面颗粒会削弱流向的湍流强度以及雷诺剪切应力.     

复合材料层合厚板锯齿理论及有限元分析

对于较厚复合材料弯曲问题,已有锯齿型厚板理论最大误差超过35%。为了合理地分析较厚复合材料弯曲问题,发展了准确高效的锯齿型厚板理论。此理论位移变量个数独立于层合板层数,其面内位移不含有横向位移一阶导数,构造有限元时仅需C0插值函数,故称此理论为C0型锯齿厚板理论。基于发展的锯齿理论,构造了六节点三角形单元并推导了复合材料层合/夹层板弯曲问题有限元列式。为验证C0型锯齿厚板理论性能,分析了复合材料层合/夹层厚板弯曲问题,并与已有C1型锯齿理论对比。结果表明,本文的C0型锯齿厚板理论最大误差15%,比已有锯齿型厚板理论准确高效。     

Mean and fluctuating velocity fields of a diamond turbulent jet

The present paper reports the first investigation on a turbulent jet issuing from a diamond orifice(hereafter termed a "diamond jet") with an aspect ratio of 1.7.Velocity measurements were conducted in the transitional region,and the exit Reynolds number of the jet was 50000.For comparison,a round jet with identical normalized boundary conditions was also measured.It is shown that the diamond jet decays and spreads faster than the round jet does over the measured flow region.The axis-switching phenomenon is observed in the diamond jet.Although both jets display primary coherent structures in the near field,these structures are found to break down more rapidly in the diamond jet,due to the higher three-dimensionality of the flow.Moreover,the streamwise components of the Reynolds normal stress and all the shear stresses reach their maxima around the location of the maximal mean shear while the maxima of the lateral components of the Reynolds normal stresses occur around the centreline of the jet.     

Peristaltic flow of MHD Jeffrey fluid through finite length cylindrical tube

The present investigation studies the peristaltic flow of the Jeffrey fluid through a tube of finite length. The fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Analysis is carried out under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. Expressions of the pressure gradient, volume flow rate, average volume flow rate, and local wall shear stress are obtained. The effects of relaxation time, retardation time, Hartman number on pressure, local wall shear stress, and mechanical efficiency of peristaltic pump are studied. The reflux phenomenon is also investigated. The case of propagation of a non-integral number of waves along the tube walls, which are inherent characteristics of finite length vessels, is also examined.     

周期性扇形孔结构对斜槽型纵扭复合模态超声振动系统性能的影响*

为了解决基于斜槽结构的模式转换型纵扭复合模态超声振动系统存在的扭转分量较小、纵、扭转化效率较低的问题,论文对基于周期性扇形孔和斜槽结构的模式转换型纵扭复合模态超声振动系统进行了研究,主要仿真分析了扇形孔结构参数对基于斜槽结构的模式转换型纵扭复合模态超声振动系统谐振频率、扭转振幅、旋转角度和剪切应力的影响规律,并找到使系统获得最佳纵扭转换效率的扇形孔结构参数,且求解出扇形孔结构的引入对系统性能的改善幅度。     

剪切力作用下螺位错的运动

利用分子动力学方法研究了金属钨中螺位错在剪切力作用下的运动特性.根据弹性理论在BCC晶体中形成位错线沿<111>的螺位错,在合适的边界条件下获得平衡态的位错结构.发现位错由{110}平面沿<112>方向三个呈对称的皱褶组成.对平衡态结构施加剪切力,发现剪力很小时,位错核心不动,核心形状有畸变;当剪力增大到一定程度时位错开始运动.位错运动后,剪切力较小时,核心呈“之”字形运动;在较大剪力下,位错开始阶段呈“之”字形运动,一段距离后主要沿[211]方向作直线运动.位错运动的速度随着剪切力的增加而增大.     

A multiscale model for analyzing the synergy of CS and WSS on the endothelium in straight arteries

A multiscale model was proposed to calculate the circumferential stress (CS) and wall shear stress (WSS) and analyze the effects of global and local factors on the CS, WSS and their synergy on the arterial endothelium in large straight arteries. A parameter pair [Zs,SPA] (defined as the ratio of CS amplitude to WSS amplitude and the phase angle between CS and WSS for different harmonic components, respectively) was proposed to characterize the synergy of CS and WSS. The results demonstrated that the CS or WSS in the large straight arteries is determined by the global factors, i.e. the preloads and the afterloads, and the local factors, i.e. the local mechanical properties and the zero-stress states of arterial walls, whereas the Zs and SPA are primarily determined by the local factors and the afterloads. Because the arterial input impedance has been shown to reflect the physiological and pathological states of whole downstream arterial beds, the stress amplitude ratio Zs and the stress phase difference SPA might be appropriate indices to reflect the influences of the states of whole downstream arterial beds on the local blood flow-dependent phenomena such as angiogenesis, vascular remodeling and atherosgenesis. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10132020 and 10472027). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

单一倾斜热线探头在三维湍流场中的应用

研究的目的是确立用单一倾斜热线探头进行三维湍流测试的基础技术．在阐明基本原理，基础方程式的基础上，对比实验结果，证明应用所阐明的方法、用单一倾斜热线探头进行三维湍流测试是切实可行的．对边界层壁面附近的测试结果表明考虑平均速度和变动速度的高次相关项后可以得到更加精确的实验结果．