Growth of cedar-like Au nanoparticles coating on an etched stainless steel wire and its application for selective solid-phase microextraction

A novel cedar-like Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) coating was fabricated on an etched stainless steel (SS) wire by direct chemical deposition and used as an efficient and unbreakable solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The etched SS wire offers a rough surface structure for subsequent growth of AuNPs in chloroauric acid solution. As a result, the uniform cedar-like AuNPs coating with larger surface area was tightly attached to the etched SS wire substrate. The AuNPs coated etched SS fiber (AuNPs/SS) was examined for SPME of ultraviolet (UV) filters, phthalate esters and aromatic hydrocarbons coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The fabricated fiber exclusively exhibited excellent extraction efficiency and selectivity for some aromatic hydrocarbons. Influential parameters of extraction and desorption time, temperature, stirring rate and ionic strength were investigated and optimized. The limits of detection ranged from 0.008 μg L⁻¹ to 0.037 μg L⁻¹. The single fiber repeatability varied from 3.90% to 4.50% and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility ranged from 5.15% to 6.87%. The recovery of aromatic hydrocarbons in real water samples spiked at 2.0 μg L⁻¹ and 20 μg L⁻¹ ranged from 94.38% to 106.2% with the relative standard deviations below 6.44%. Furthermore the growth of the cedar-like AuNPs coating can be performed in a highly reproducible manner. This fabricated fiber exhibits good stability and withstands at least 200 extraction and desorption replicates.     

Effects of anodic oxidation on corrosion properties of Al coating by arc spraying in seawater

A layer of Al coatings was prepared on the S355 steel by arc spraying, which was conducted by anodic oxidation treatment; the morphologies, chemical element compositions and phases of Al coating, and anodic oxide layer were analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The corrosion protections of Al coating before and after anodic oxidation were discussed with a seawater immersion test; the corrosion resistance mechanisms of Al coating and anodic oxide layer in the seawater were also investigated. The results show that the thickness of Al coating is about 300 µm by arc spraying, the sample surfaces become loose after seawater immersion corrosion and Cl^? and O^2? penetrate into the substrate from the cracks, destroying the binding properties of coating–substrate, and the coating fails. After anodic oxidation, the oxide layer is formed in the surface of Al coating with the thickness of about 30 µm; the corrosion products are mainly composed of Al(OH)₃, which barraged the holes caused by seawater corrosion. The corrosion cracks are formed during the corrosion, while the number and depth of cracks decrease obviously after anodic oxidation treatment. The corrosion of Al coating becomes the local corrosion after anodic oxidation treatment, and the grains are smaller, which are easily nucleated to form a new corrosion resistance layer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of Mn2+ on the chrome‐free colored Ti/Zr‐based conversion coating on 6063 aluminum alloy

The conversion coating with golden color and improved corrosion resistance had been prepared by adding Mn²⁺ in the Ti/Zr conversion coating solution. Comparing with that of conversion coating without Mn²⁺, the optimal treatment time of this conversion coating was much shorter and the corrosion resistance was obviously improved. The effect of Mn²⁺ on the formation of golden Ti/Zr conversion coating was thoroughly investigated by means of energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, SEM, XPS, and Raman and electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the conversion coating had a double‐layer structure: the outer layer consisted of the metal‐organic complex and the inner layer was mainly made up of Na₃AlF₆. Mn²⁺ was oxidized into MnOOH in solution and precipitated on the substrate surface which provided the nucleus to Na₃AlF₆ crystal and accelerated Na₃AlF₆ crystal formation and also made the microstructure of conversion coating change to the cubic. The mechanism of the formation of the conversion coating can be deemed as nucleation, growth of Na₃AlF₆ crystal, and formation of metal‐organic complex. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interfacial bonding mechanism and bonding strength of AlTiCrN coating by cathodic arc ion plating

AlTiCrN coating was prepared on the surface of YT14 tungsten carbide cutting tools by cathodic arc ion plating with Ti, Al and Cr as targets. The surface morphologies, interface energy spectrum, phase and elements' binding energy of the coatings were observed with SEM, EDS, XRD and XPS, respectively, and bonding strength of the coating interface was measured with scratch tester. The results show that the phases of AlTiCrN coating are mainly composed of AlN, CrN and TiN, the crystal plane of (111) has a strong preferred orientation. The concentrations of Al, Ti, Cr, N in the coating are higher than those in the substrate, showing the gradient diffusion distribution at the bonding interface, while C atoms of the substrate have diffused into the lattices of TiN, AlN and CrN to form an obvious interdiffusion layer, and the average bonding strength of coating interface is 57.65 N. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of versatile substrate‐coated biocidal material via catechol chemistry

We report a potential coating material showing durable and significant antimicrobial activity for preserving the surfaces of a broad range of materials. The structure of the prepared antimicrobial adhesive material features a catechol moiety of dopamine hydrochloride conjugated to 4‐bromobutanoyl chloride as an adhesive material. Antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganism species are achieved by quaternizing a long hydrophobic chain (N,N'‐dimethyldecylamine) onto 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) to afford the prepared material (Dopa‐decyl). The successful formation of Dopa‐decyl is confirmed by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR) and attenuated total reflectance‐infrared (ATR‐IR) measurements. The chemical composition of the quaternized adhesive material (Dopa‐decyl) is characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Investigation of the antimicrobial activity of the Dopa‐decyl‐coated film against both gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) stains reveals a highly efficient antimicrobial effect under both normal and extreme stress conditions due to the biocidal effect of the quaternized amine when the materials are applied on the surface of various substrates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Capillary electrophoresis for rapid identification of monoclonal antibodies for routine application in hospital

mAbs are widely used in cancer therapy. Their compounding, performed just before their administration to patients, is executed in a production unit of the hospital. Identification of these drugs, individually prepared in bags for infusion before patient administration, is of paramount importance to detect potential mistakes during compounding stage. A fast and reliable analytical method based on CZE combined to a cationic capillary coating (hexadimethrine bromide) was developed for identification of the most widely used compounded therapeutic for cancer therapy (bevacizumab, cetuximab, rituximab, and trastuzumab). Considering the high structural and physico‐chemical similarities of these mAbs, an extensive optimization of the BGE composition has been performed. The addition of perchlorate ions and polysorbate in the BGE greatly increased the resolution. To validate the method, an internal standard was used and the relative migration times (RTm) were estimated. Very satisfactory RSDs of the RTm for rituximab (0.76%), cetuximab (0.46%), bevacizumab (0.31%), and trastuzumab (0.60%) were obtained. The intraday and interday RSD of the method were less than 0.32 and 1.3%, respectively for RTm. Significant differences between theses RTms have been demonstrated allowing mAbs identification. Finally, accurate mAbs identification has been demonstrated by a blind test.     

Electrochemical characterization of MnO2 as electrocatalytic energy material for fuel cell electrode

 Development of inexpensive non Pt based high electrocatalytic energy materials is the need of the hour for fuel cell electrode to produce clean alternative green energy from synthesized bio alcohol using biomass. MnO₂, electro synthesized at different current density is found to be well performed electrocatalytic material, comparable to Pt, with higher current density, very low overvoltage for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol. From EIS study, the polarization resistance of the coated MnO₂ is found to be much low and electrical double layer capacitance is high, the effect increases with increase in current density of electro deposition. XRD, EDX and AAS analysis confirm the MnO₂ deposition. The morphology of SEM images exhibits an enhanced 3D effective substrate area, for electro oxidation of the fuel. A few nano structured grains of the deposited MnO₂ is also observed at higher current density. The fact supports that a high energetic inexpensive electro catalytic material has been found for fuel cell electrode to synthesis renewable energy from methanol fuel.     

自组装金纳米粒子涂层对环境水样中紫外线吸收剂的固相微萃取

以刻蚀不锈钢丝为基体,采用化学沉积法在表面沉积金纳米粒子(AuNPs),修饰一层1,8-辛二硫醇分子后,再自组装一层AuNPs,制备了高强度AuNPs涂层固相微萃取(SPME)纤维,并与HPLC联用,以常用紫外线吸收剂为例,评价了AuNPs-SPME纤维的萃取分离性能。当萃取时间为30 min、温度为55℃、搅拌速率为800 r/min,pH=7时,萃取效果最好。在优化的萃取条件下,所建立的Au NPs-SPME-HPLC法测定4种紫外吸收剂(2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-乙基己基-4-(N,N-二甲氨基)苯甲酸酯、2-乙基己基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯和2-乙基己基水杨酸)的线性范围为0.004~200μg/L,检出限为0.43~570 ng/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.9%~4.2%(n=5)之间。河水、废水处理厂的废水以及雨水样品中紫外线吸收剂的加标回收率在77.9%~108%之间,RSD为3.1%~8.0%(n=5)。     

阴极微弧电沉积制备Al2O3陶瓷层技术及研究进展

阴极微弧电沉积技术是一种在材料表面通过微弧放电沉积陶瓷层的表面处理技术,利用该技术可以在金属及非金属表面生成耐磨、耐蚀性能优异的陶瓷膜层.本文介绍了阴极微弧电沉积技术的研究现状以及应用阴极微弧电沉积技术制备Al2O3陶瓷层的方法和基本原理,并且对阴极微弧电沉积技术的影响因素进行了总结,阐述了阴极微弧电沉积技术的应用前景和存在的问题.     

超疏水涂层表面粗糙结构对防覆冰性能的影响

结冰给交通、电力输送和航空等领域带来极大的安全隐患,研究防覆冰技术具有重要的应用价值。目前最具前景的防冰方法是涂层防冰,本文介绍了疏水涂层的构建方法,阐述了涂层疏水性和疏冰性之间的关系;重点论证了涂层表面粗糙结构对其防覆冰性能的影响,指出防覆冰涂层研发中存在的问题,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了分析和展望。