Surface modification of polyolefin separators for lithium ion batteries to reduce thermal shrinkage without thickness increase

Surface chemical modification of polyolefin separators for lithium ion batteries is attempted to reduce the thermal shrinkage, which is important for the battery energy density. In this study, we grafted organic/inorganic hybrid crosslinked networks on the separators, simply by grafting polymerization and condensation reaction. The considerable silicon-oxygen crosslinked heat-resistance networks are responsible for the reduced thermal shrinkage. The strong chemical bonds between networks and separators promise enough mechanical support even at high temperature. The shrinkage at 150 C for 30 min in the mechanical direction was 38.6% and 4.6% for the pristine and present graft-modified separators, respectively. Meanwhile, the grafting organic-inorganic hybrid crosslink networks mainly occupied part of void in the internal pores of the separators, so the thicknesses of the graft-modified separators were similar with the pristine one. The half cells prepared with the modified separators exhibited almost identical electrochemical properties to those with the commercial separators, thus proving that, in order to enhance the thermal stability of lithium ion battery, this kind of grafting-modified separators may be a better alternative to conventional silica nanoparticle layers-coated polyolefin separators.     

CL-20/TNT共晶炸药的分子动力学研究

运用分子动力学(MD)方法,选择凝聚态分子势能优化力场(COMPASS),对六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(ε-CL-20)、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)晶体及其等摩尔比的CL-20/TNT混合炸药和共晶炸药进行不同温度下恒定粒子数等压等温(NPT)系综模拟研究.结果表明,CL-20/TNT共晶的内聚能密度(CED)和结合能随温度的升高逐渐减小;共晶的CED比混合炸药的大,结合能是混合炸药的2倍多,预示其稳定性明显增强.对相关函数和局部放大结构显示共晶中组分分子间作用主要来自TNT中H和CL-20中O以及CL-20中H和TNT中O之间形成的氢键.通过波动法求得的弹性力学性能结果表明,CL-20/TNT共晶的拉伸模量(E)、体积模量(K)和剪切模量(G)介于ε-CL-20和TNT晶体之间,且随温度的升高而下降,符合一般预期;但共晶炸药的柯西压(C12-C44,Cij弹性系数)、K/G和泊松比(ν)均比其组分炸药ε-CL-20和TNT高得多,预示该共晶具有异常高的延展性和弹性伸长,主要是二组分呈层状交替排列且之间存在较强相互作用所致.     

Advances in high carbon dioxide separation performance of poly(ethylene oxide)-based membranes

Poly(ethylene-oxide)(PEO)-based membranes have attracted much attention recently for CO2 separation because CO2 is highly soluble into PEO and shows high selectivity over other gases such as CH4 and N2.Unfortunately,those membranes are not strong enough mechanically and highly crystalline,which hinders their broader applications for separation membranes.In this review discussions are made,as much in detail as possible,on the strategies to improve gas separation performance of PEO-based membranes.Some of techniques such as synthesis of graft copolymers that contain PEO,cross-linking of polymers and blending with long chains polymers contributed significantly to improvement of membrane.Incorporation of ionic liquids/nanoparticles has also been found effective.However,surface modification of nanoparticles has been done chemically or physically to enhance their compatibility with polymer matrix.As a result of all such efforts,an excellent performance,i.e.,CO2 permeability up to 200 Barrer,CO2/N2 selectivity up to 200 and CO2/CH4 selectivity up to 70,could be achieved.Another method is to introduce functional groups into PEO-based polymers which boosted CO2 permeability up to 200 Barrer with CO2/CH4 selectivity between 40 and 50.The CO2 permeability of PEO-based membranes increases,without much change in selectivity,when the length of ethylene oxide is increased.     

In-situ SiN combined with etch-stop barrier structure for high-frequency AlGaN/GaN HEMT

The etch-stop structure including the in-situ SiN and AlGaN/GaN barrier is proposed for high frequency applications.The etch-stop process is realized by placing an in-situ SiN layer on the top of the thin AlGaN barrier.F-based etching can be self-terminated after removing SiN,leaving the AlGaN barrier in the gate region.With this in-situ SiN and thin barrier etch-stop structure,the short channel effect can be suppressed,meanwhile achieving highly precisely controlled and low damage etching process.The device shows a maximum drain current of 1022 mA/mm,a peak transconductance of 459 mS/mm,and a maximum oscillation frequency(fmax)of 248 GHz.     

基于拉曼热测量技术的铜基复合物法兰GaN基晶体管的热阻分析

采用拉曼热测量技术结合有限元热仿真模型,分析比较新型铜/石墨复合物法兰封装与传统铜钼法兰封装的GaN器件的结温与热阻,发现前者的整体热阻比铜钼法兰器件的整体热阻低18.7%,器件内部各层材料的温度分布显示铜/石墨复合物法兰在器件中的热阻占比相比铜钼法兰在器件中的热阻占比低13%,这证明使用高热导率铜/石墨复合物法兰封装提高GaN器件热扩散性能的有效性.通过对两种GaN器件热阻占比的测量与分析,发现除了封装法兰以外,热阻占比最高的是GaN外延与衬底材料之间的界面热阻,降低界面热阻是进一步提高器件热性能的关键.同时,详细阐述了使用拉曼光热技术测量GaN器件结温和热阻的原理和过程,展示了拉曼光热技术作为一种GaN器件热特性表征方法的有效性.     

基于车身绕流的低雷诺数湍流模型改进研究

本文将汽车绕流模块化为各典型局部流动,通过常用湍流模型对各典型局部流动进行数值模拟,结果验证了湍流模型对转捩的捕捉能力是准确模拟汽车绕流的关键. 在分析汽车绕流分离及转捩机理的基础上,优化了稳态和瞬态求解方法,改进了湍流模型对转捩的预测能力,进而提高了湍流模型在汽车流场模拟上的精度. 针对汽车绕流的稳态问题,将流线曲率因子及 响应阈值引入 LRN $k$-$\varepsilon $ (low Reynolds number $k$-$\varepsilon $) 模型,获得了一种能够更准确预 测转捩的改进低雷诺数湍流模型 (modified LRN $k$-$\varepsilon $),改善了原模型对湍流耗散率的过强依赖性及全应力发展预测不足等问题;针对汽车绕流瞬态求解,通过分析 RANS/LES 混合湍流模型的构造思想及特点,引入约束大涡模拟方法,结合本文提出的改进的 LRN $k$-$\varepsilon $ 湍流模型,提出了一种能准确捕捉转捩现象 的转捩 LRN CLES 模型. 分别将改进的模型用于某实车外流场和风振噪声仿真中,通过 Ansys Fluent 求解器计算,并将计算结果与常用湍流模型的仿真结果、HD-2 风洞试验结果和实车道路实验结果进行对比,表明改进后的湍流模型能够更准确模拟复杂实车的稳态和瞬态特性,为汽车气动特性的研究提供了可靠理论依据及有效数值解决方法.      

缝合式C/SiC复合材料非线性本构关系及断裂行为研究

C/SiC复合材料具有高比强度、高比模量和优良的热稳定性能等一系列优点, 广泛应用于航空航天领域中. 裂纹扩展进而引起的脆性断裂是其主要失效形式之一, 因而材料的断裂性能分析对材料的结构设计和应用有重要的指导意义. 本文开展了缝合式C/SiC复合材料简单力学试验和断裂试验, 研究了材料在不同载荷下的力学响应及断裂特征. 基于缝合式C/SiC复合材料简单力学试验, 建立了材料宏观非线性损伤本构方程, 并模拟了缝合式C/SiC复合材料单边切口梁和双悬臂梁的断裂行为. 本构方程采用简单函数描述了材料在复杂应力状态下的非线性应力-应变曲线, 并考虑了反向加载过程中造成的裂纹闭合. 基于商业有限元软件ABAQUS, 通过编写UMAT子程序实现非线性损伤本构方程, 采用单个单元验证了建立的本构方程的有效性. 在此基础上, 采用线弹性损伤本构和非线性损伤本构分别模拟了缝合式C/SiC复合材料单边切口梁和双悬臂梁的断裂行为. 采用非线性损伤本构方程模拟的力-位移曲线结果与试验结果更为吻合, 非线性损伤本构预测的失效载荷与试验失效载荷更为接近, 验证了所建立的非线性损伤本构方程的准确性, 为C/SiC复合材料断裂行为的研究提供了借鉴, 为缝合式C/SiC复合材料结构的设计和应用提供了理论基础.      

变角度纤维复合材料层合斜板的颤振分析

假设纤维方向角沿层合板的长度方向线性变化，研究了变角度纤维复合材料层合斜板的颤振．通过坐标变换将斜板变换为正方形板，采用层合板表面连续变化的速度环量来模拟空气对其的作用，速度环量分布利用Cauchy积分公式计算．建立了系统的Lagrange方程并采用Ritz法得到了层合板的自振频率和颤振/不稳定性分离临界速度．通过数值算例验证了本文模型和方法的正确性和收敛性，分析了各个铺层内纤维方向角的变化对自振频率和颤振/不稳定性分离临界速度的影响．研究结果表明，通过纤维的变角度铺设，可有效地提高层合板的基频和颤振/不稳定性分离临界速度．经合理设计的变角度复合材料层合板具有抑制颤振的作用．     

混合/流体润滑状态下原位离子液体添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

本工作重点研究了混合/流体润滑状态下原位离子液体添加剂的摩擦学性能,选用聚乙二醇(PEG-400)作基础油,将双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂盐(Li TFSI)溶解在PEG中原位合成离子液体.利用微型牵引力试验机测量在室温、60和80℃以及不同滑滚比下摩擦系数随卷吸速度的变化,研究离子液体添加剂的有效性以及离子液体添加剂对PEG流变行为的影响.本研究中将为深入研究离子液体的润滑机理提供一种新的研究手段,对于指导设计新型离子液体润滑材料具有较为重要的意义.     

静电纺丝法制备柔性SERS基底及性能研究

利用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/银纳米粒子高活性SERS柔性基底.将硝酸银、聚乙烯醇按照一定比例混合配置纺丝溶液,纺丝成膜后采用紫外光照射还原法得到纳米纤维基底.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR),拉曼光谱(Raman),紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等技术,对合成的纳米纤维基底进行表征.研究表明,银纳米颗粒呈球形分布在复合纤维中,粒径小于10 nm.以罗丹明为探针分子,硝酸银含量16 wt;,紫外光照射3 h制备的基底具备最优的SERS性能.同时将此基底应用于烟酸药品检测,拉曼检测极限可达10-5 mol·L-1.