激光脉冲对氢负离子在金属面附近光剥离的影响

利用闭合轨道理论和金属面附近氢负离子的双脉冲光剥离截面的计算公式,计算了氢负离子在金属面附近激光脉冲作用下的光剥离截面.计算结果表明:如果脉冲宽度远大于闭合轨道的回归周期时,它对光剥离截面的影响很小;当脉冲宽度小于闭合轨道的周期或者可以和闭合轨道的周期相比较时,光剥离截面的振荡幅度大大地减弱.光剥离截面除了与脉冲宽度有关外,还与双脉冲之间的时间延迟、相位差有关.对于某些相位差, 双脉冲光剥离截面的取值增大; 而对于另外一些相位差, 光剥离截面的取值减小.因此,可以利用脉冲激光来控制氢负离子在表面附近光剥离 关键词： 激光脉冲 光剥离截面 金属面 闭合轨道理论     

氢负离子在微腔中的光剥离研究

利用闭合轨道理论,研究了氢负离子在金属面和弹性界面组成的微腔中的光剥离截面.结果表明,微腔的上下表面对氢负离子的光剥离截面产生很大影响.若固定金属面与氢负离子之间的距离不变,当弹性界面与氢负离子之间的距离很大时,弹性界面对氢负离子光剥离截面的影响很小,光剥离截面的振荡幅度和振荡频率与只有金属面时的情况类似.随着弹性界面和氢负离子之间距离的不断减小,光剥离截面的振荡幅度增大,振荡频率减小.若保持氢负离子和弹性界面之间的距离不变,随着金属面和氢负离子之间距离d₀的不断增大, 关键词： 光剥离截面 闭合轨道理论 微腔     

Portable paper‐based device for quantitative colorimetric assays relying on light reflectance principle

This paper presents a novel paper‐based analytical device based on the colorimetric paper assays through its light reflectance. The device is portable, low cost (<20 dollars), and lightweight (only 176 g) that is available to assess the cost‐effectiveness and appropriateness of the original health care or on‐site detection information. Based on the light reflectance principle, the signal can be obtained directly, stably and user‐friendly in our device. We demonstrated the utility and broad applicability of this technique with measurements of different biological and pollution target samples (BSA, glucose, Fe, and nitrite). Moreover, the real samples of Fe (II) and nitrite in the local tap water were successfully analyzed, and compared with the standard UV absorption method, the quantitative results showed good performance, reproducibility, and reliability. This device could provide quantitative information very conveniently and show great potential to broad fields of resource‐limited analysis, medical diagnostics, and on‐site environmental detection.     

蛋白质对测定水产品中氯苯类化合物的影响及消除

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定水产品中1,3-二氯苯,1,2-二氯苯,1,2,4-三氯苯等3种氯苯类化合物含量的方法。采用荧光猝灭法研究了氯苯类化合物与蛋白质之间的结合作用,结果表明氯苯类化合物与鱼血清白蛋白之间存在较强的结合作用。水产品样品以丙酮-磷酸氢二钾-水双水相体系进行前处理。在气相色谱分离中用DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。3种氯苯类化合物的质量浓度均在0.5~5.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在77.0%~116%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.6%~7.1%之间。     

TiO_2光催化剂的形貌与晶面调控

二氧化钛(TiO2)具有化学稳定性高、无毒、价格低廉、来源广泛及光电性能优异等优点,被广泛应用于太阳能电池和光催化等领域,尤其是在污染物的光催化降解方面,可很好地解决当前的环境污染问题。但一方面受带隙宽度限制,使其对太阳光的利用率不足5%,不能充分利用太阳光中的可见光;另一方面由于光生电子-空穴容易结合,催化效率低,从而使TiO2的实际应用受到限制。因此必须采取合适的措施,一方面要增强TiO2对可见光的吸收,提高对太阳光的利用率;另一方面要抑制光生电子-空穴的复合,提高光催化效率。目前越来越多的科学家通过控制TiO2的形貌、晶型、特殊晶面暴露等手段来提高TiO2光生电子-空穴的传输速率和光电转换效率。本文主要综述了近年来在TiO2光催化剂的特殊形貌和特殊晶面暴露等方面的研究进展,对未来的研究和发展方向作了展望。     

The critical behavior of {water + AOT + decane} microemulsion with various molar ratios of water to AOT

To examine the critical behavior of the microemulsion, we have determined the coexistence curves for two ternary microemulsion systems of {water + sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) + n-decane} with the molar ratios ω = (45.2 and 50.0) of water to AOT, respectively, by measuring refractive index at a constant pressure in the critical region. The critical exponent β and the critical amplitude B have been deduced from the coexistence curves. It was found that the values of β for both systems were consistent with the 3D-Ising exponent in a critical region. By increasing ω, i.e. the droplet size, the critical temperature and, to a lesser extent, the critical concentration decrease. The region of coexisting two phases was drastically reduced by an increase in the droplet size.     

MRCI potential energy curves and spectroscopic constants of the ground and low-lying excited states of HgCd

The multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) electronic energy calculations with different basis sets have been performed on the ground state (X¹Σ) and three low-lying excited states (³Σ, ¹Π and ³Π) of HgCd dimer. The obtained potential energy curves (PECs) are fit to analytical potential energy functions (APEFs) using the Murrell–Sorbie potential function. Spectroscopic constants are calculated using the APEFs. Based on the PECs, the vibrational levels of each state are predicted. Our equilibrium positions of the X¹Σ state and ³Π state are in excellent agreement with the experimental reports.     

A residual-type a posteriori error estimate of finite volume element method for a quasi-linear elliptic problem

In this paper, we analyze a residual-type a posteriori error estimator of the finite volume element method for a quasi-linear elliptic problem of nonmonotone type and derive computable upper and lower bounds on the error in the H ¹-norm. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimator.     

On the Riemann problem for 2D compressible Euler equations in three pieces

The Riemann problem for two-dimensional isentropic Euler equations is considered. The initial data are three constants in three fan domains forming different angles. Under the assumption that only a rarefaction wave, shock wave or contact discontinuity connects two neighboring constant initial states, it is proved that the cases involving three shock or rarefaction waves are impossible. For the cases involving one rarefaction (shock) wave and two shock (rarefaction) waves, only the combinations when the three elementary waves have the same sign are possible (impossible).     

Periodic structures based on variable separation solution of the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli equation

In this paper, firstly, a new mapping method is used to obtain the variable separation solutions, with two arbitrary functions, of the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli equation. From the variable separation solution and by selecting appropriate functions, some novel Jacobian elliptic wave structure and periodic wave evolutional behaviors are investigated.