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991.
Nadezhda A. Shcherbina Anna V. Pomogaeva Anna S. Lisovenko Igor V. Kazakov Nikita Yu. Gugin Olesya V. Khoroshilova Yuri V. Kondrat'ev Alexey Y. Timoshkin 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2020,646(13):873-881
Complexes formed by interaction of E(C6F5)3 (E = B, Al, Ga, In) with excess of acetonitrile (AN) were structurally characterized. Quantum chemical computations indicate that for Al(C6F5)3 and In(C6F5)3 the formation of a complex of 1:2 composition is more advantageous than for B(C6F5)3 and Ga(C6F5)3, in line with experimental observations. Formation of the solvate [Al(C6F5)3 · 2AN] · AN is in agreement with predicted thermodynamic instability of [Al(C6F5)3 · 3AN]. Tensimetry study of B(C6F5)3 · CH3CN reveals its stability in the solid state up to 197 °C. With the temperature increase, the complex undergoes irreversible thermal decomposition with pentafluorobenzene formation. 相似文献
992.
4-Amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate (4-ATN) is an energetic and non-sensitive ionic liquid, which was introduced as a good candidate in previous works for the replacement of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in melt-cast explosives. Since previous studies used pure nitric acid for nitration of 4-ATN, the effect of the use of low price industrial nitric acids (50 %, 70 % and 98 %) is investigated on the percent yields of 4-ATN. The thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) are done on the synthesized 4-ATN with impure nitric acid at a heating rate of 10 K · min–1 by the vacuum system. The obtained TGA/DSC curves confirm decomposition of 4-ATN involving melting and dissociation. Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of 4-ATN at various heating rates are applied to obtain activation energy of thermolysis by several model-free techniques. The calculated activation energies are in the range 78.7–87.7 kJ · mol–1, which are about 10 kJ · mol–1 more than the reported activation energy of industrial TNT (purity 98.2 %), i.e. 66–70 kJ · mol–1. Assessments of detonation performance of 4-ATN are also compared with TNT, which show higher detonation performance of 4-ATN. Thus, 4-ATN can be used with nitramine compounds as melt-cast explosives with higher thermal stability and detonation performance than corresponding nitramine compound/TNT explosives. 相似文献
993.
全固态钠离子电池具有资源丰富、安全性高等优势,作为未来大规模储能的重要选择而成为近年来先进二次电池前沿研究热点。钠离子硫系化合物电解质室温离子电导率高、弹性模量高、容易冷压成型,能增强电极/电解质界面接触、减小界面阻抗、缓冲电极材料在充放电过程中的应力/应变,是全固态钠离子电池的研究重点。本文对钠离子硫系化合物固态电解质的结构及性质进行了总结,讨论了硫系化合物电解质的本征特性、与电极的界面稳定性,并介绍了硫系化合物全固态钠离子电池的研究现状,最后分析了硫系化合物电解质面临的挑战及今后的发展方向。 相似文献
994.
Chengfang Qiao Lei Lü Wenfeng Xu Zhengqiang Xia Chunsheng Zhou Sanping Chen Shengli Gao 《物理化学学报》2020,36(6):1905085-0
Solvent molecules can significantly reduce the heat of detonation and stability of energetic metal-organic framework (EMOF) materials, and the development of solvent-free EMOFs has become an effective strategy to prepare high-energy density materials. In this study, a solvent-free EMOF, [Ag2(DTPZ)]n (1) (N% = 32.58%), was synthesized by reacting a high-energy ligand, 2, 3-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine (H2DTPZ), with silver ions under hydrothermal conditions, and it was structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. In 1, the DTPZ2− ligands that adopted a highly torsional configuration bridged the Ag+ ions in an octadentate coordination mode to form a three-dimensional framework (ρ = 2.812 g∙cm−3). The large steric effect and strong coordination ability of DTPZ2− effectively prevented the solvent molecules from binding with the metal centers or occupying the voids of 1. Moreover, the strong π-π stacking interactions [centroid-centroid distance = 0.34461(1) nm] between the tetrazole rings in different DTPZ2− ligands provided a high thermal stability to the framework (Te = 619.1 K, Tp = 658.7 K). Thermal analysis showed that a one-step rapid weight loss with intense heat release primarily occurred during the decomposition of 1, suggesting potential energetic characteristics. Non-isothermal thermokinetic analyses (based on the Kissinger and Ozawa-Doyle methods) were performed using differential scanning calorimetry to obtain the thermoanalysis kinetic parameters of the thermodecomposition of 1 (Ea = 272.1 kJ·mol−1, Eo = 268.9 kJ·mol−1; lgA =19.67 s−1). The related thermodynamic parameters [enthalpy of activation (ΔH≠ = 266.9 kJ·mol−1), entropy of activation (ΔS≠ = 125.4 J·mol−1·K−1), free energy of activation (ΔG≠ = 188.3 kJ·mol−1)], critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb = 607.1 K), and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT = 595.8 K) of the decomposition reaction were also calculated based on the decomposition peak temperature and extrapolated onset temperature when the heating rate approached zero. The results revealed that 1 featured good thermal safety, and its decomposition was a non-spontaneous entropy-driven process. The standard molar enthalpy for the formation of 1 was calculated to be (2165.99 ± 0.81) kJ·mol−1 based on its constant volume combustion energy determined using a precise rotating oxygen bomb calorimeter. Detonation and safety performance tests revealed that 1 was insensitive to impact and friction, and its heat of detonation (10.15 kJ·g−1) was higher than that of common ammonium nitrate explosives, such as octogen (HMX), hexogene (RDX), and 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), indicating that 1 is a promising high-energy and insensitive material. 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
采用高温固相法合成了一系列Ca_(2-x-y)Sr_(y-x)SiO_4∶x Ce~(3+),x Li~+蓝色固溶体荧光粉。XRD结果表明,所合成的固溶体荧光粉均为单一物相。随着Sr~(2+)成分的增加,Ca_(2-y)Sr_y SiO_4物相从单斜晶系β-Ca_2SiO_4向正交晶系α′-Ca_2SiO_4转变,发射光谱逐渐红移。组成为Ca_(1.75)Sr_(0.25)SiO_4时,荧光粉的发射波长最长(454 nm),Stokes位移最大。基质为Ca_(1.1)Sr_(0.9)SiO_4的晶体结构可诱导掺杂离子Ce~(3+)取代SrO_(10)格位、Li~+取代CaO8格位。优化的荧光粉Ca_(1.05)Sr_(0.85)SiO_4∶0.05Ce~(3+),0.05Li~+(CS_(0.85)SO∶CeLi)在375 nm紫外光激发下,发射445 nm的蓝光,内量子效率(IQE)达到91.18%,200℃时发射强度保持室温发光强度的98.70%。根据晶体结构、晶体场分裂和掺杂离子质心位移等理论,讨论了CS_(0.85)SO∶CeLi综合发光效应最佳的内在原因。 相似文献
998.
采用硅烷化改性NH3选择性催化还原NOx催化剂CuCe/BEA,以提高催化剂的水热稳定性。X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和27Al核磁共振谱图等研究证实,硅烷化改性明显抑制BEA分子筛骨架中Si-O-Al键的水解,保持其结构完整,从而有效提高水热处理后CuCe/BEA的催化活性。氨气-程序升温脱附和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱研究结果表明,硅烷化改性的催化剂由于保持更完整的骨架结构能够形成更多的酸性位点。此外,氢气-程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱测试表明,硅烷化改性有利于提高活性铜物种的分散性。因此,相比于CuCe/BEA催化剂,硅烷化改性的CuCeSi/BEA催化剂具有更多的酸性位点和高度分散的Cu物种,共同促进了催化剂的水热稳定性。 相似文献
999.
《中国化学快报》2020,31(9):2159-2166
Access to safe drinking water has become an extremely urgent research topic worldwide. In recent years, the technology of solar vapor generation has been extensively explored as a potential and effective strategy of transforming elements content in seawater. In this review, the basic concepts and theories of metal-based photothermal vapor generation device (PVGD) with excellent optical and thermal regulatory are introduced. In the view of optical regulation, how to achieve high-efficiency localized evaporation in different evaporation system (i.e., volumetric solar heating and interface solar heating) is discussed; from the aspect of thermal regulation, the importance of selective absorption surface for interfacial PVGD is analyzed. Based on the above discussion and analysis, we summarize the challenges of metal-based desalination device. 相似文献
1000.
钛(Ti)及其合金凭借优异的机械性能和良好的生物相容性,一直是骨和牙种植体的主要临床应用材料。由于钛及其合金自身的生物惰性,不易与周围骨组织进行快速的骨整合,因此其表面的生物活性有待进一步提高。羟基磷灰石(HA)是人体骨和牙齿的主要无机成分,具有良好的生物活性和生物相容性,受其力学性能的制约,常被作为涂层材料覆盖在钛基体表面,用以提高植入体的生物活性。但一直存在涂层与基体界面结合强度低和涂层力学稳定性差的问题,成为限制其临床广泛应用的主要因素。本文从涂层结构设计、成分设计及制备方法等方面,就国内外改善钛基底与HA涂层界面结合性能的研究现状和发展动态作一综述,为高性能钛植入体的制备和应用提供参考。 相似文献