添加提钒尾渣对膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料稳定性和导电性的影响

以不同膨胀石墨(EG-300、EG-350和EG-400)为支撑材料,石蜡(PW)为相变主材,提钒尾渣(VT)为导电强化剂,采用熔融共混法制备复合相变材料,并对复合材料的稳定性和导电性进行测试分析.结果表明,进行60次热循环,EG/PW复合材料质量损失率小于0.03％,VT/EG/PW复合材料质量损失率小于0.08％,...     

石蜡/膨胀石墨/石墨烯复合相变储热材料的制备及性能

以石蜡(PA)作为相变储热材料、 膨胀石墨(EG)作为主导热材料和支撑材料, 石墨烯气凝胶(GA)作为导热增强材料和辅支撑材料制备了PA/EG/GA复合相变材料, 研究了GA添加量对复合相变材料相变温度、 相变潜热、 导热性能以及循环稳定性的影响. 结果表明, 所制备的80%PA-17%EG-3%GA复合相变材料导热性能良好, 循环稳定性出色. 与80%PA-20%EG复合材料相比, 该材料的相变温度、 相变潜热以及循环稳定性无明显变化, 但导热系数由4.089 W/(m·K)提升到了5.336 W/(m·K), 显示出良好的应用前景.     

固相反应法制备微/纳米复合相变储能材料及其测试表征

采用低热固相化学反应法制备了表面包覆SiO2的不同硬脂酸含量的复合相变储能微纳米材料.XRD分析表明所制备的相变材料均呈晶相结构,红外图谱显示复合材料包覆层SiO2与相变主体材料硬脂酸C18H36O2(SA)存在键合作用,扫描电镜图片说明所合成复合材料呈较均匀颗粒状,而差热分析则表明所制得复合相变材料的相变温度分别为66.4、64.9 ℃,相变焓分别为148.97、111.54 J/g,具有良好的蓄热能力,可用于太阳能利用等方面的储能蓄热.     

棒状纳米氧化锆改性榛壳活性碳的制备及对碘海醇的吸附去除

碘海醇作为一种诊断类药物,具有持久污染性,已成为新兴污染物之一。本文采用热解法将棒状纳米氧化锆有效地沉积在榛壳活性炭上,制备了棒状纳米氧化锆改性榛壳活性碳复合材料(ZrO2/AC),表征了其形貌和结构,研究了其吸附碘海醇的性能。结果表明,复合材料ZrO2/AC能在pH为3-10最有效的吸附碘海醇,40 min后达到吸附平衡;高温有利于ZrO2/AC吸附碘海醇;在20 ℃下,ZrO2/AC对碘海醇的吸附容量为180.2 mg/g;ZrO2/AC对碘海醇的吸附符合Langmuir和准二级动力学方程。     

炭黑填充聚丙烯/尼龙6/玻璃纤维复合材料的制备及表征

以聚丙烯(PP)和尼龙6(PA6)的共混物为基体材料,以导电炭黑(CB)和玻璃纤维(GF)作为填料,通过熔融共混的方法制备了导电复合材料。研究了GF和CB质量分数对复合材料热稳定性、导电性能、力学性能和微观形貌的影响。结果表明:CB粒子选择性分散在PA6中,同时PA6包覆在GF表面,通过具有较大长径比的纤维相互搭接形成连续的网络结构,从而显著降低复合材料的逾渗阈值。在相同CB质量分数下(2%),PP/PA6/GF/CB的表面电阻率相对于PP/PA6/CB体系降低了5个数量级。此外,引入GF后,材料的热稳定性和拉伸强度都有所提高。     

活性炭电极的改性及对Co2+,Mn2+和Ni2+的电吸附性能

以商用活性炭(AC)为原料,分别采用磷酸和氢氧化钠改性的方法制备了两种不同的改性活性炭电极材料.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)测试、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段以及电化学分析方法,对改性前后活性炭材料的表面性质和电化学性能进行了探究.结果表明, H3PO4改性使活性炭的孔隙分布更加密集, NaOH改性使活性炭表面的孔隙结构更加清晰均匀; H₃PO₄和NaOH改性均使活性炭的比表面积增加.循环伏安测试结果表明,改性前后活性炭电极在低扫描速率下均具备良好的双电层特性,并且两种改性处理均能提高活性炭电极的比电容;当扫描速率为5 mV/s时,未改性、 H₃PO₄以及NaOH改性活性炭电极的比电容分别为36.51, 77.25和85.19 F/g.电吸附实验结果证明,两种改性活性炭电极对Co²⁺, Mn²⁺和Ni²⁺均有较好的去...     

石蜡/碱改性硅藻土/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料的制备及性能

通过碱处理,优化了硅藻土(DIA)的孔隙结构,提高了孔隙率,增加了石蜡(paraffin)负载量。通过直接浸渍法制备了新型性状稳定的石蜡/碱改性DIA/膨胀石墨(EG-alDIAP)复合材料,并研究了其结构与性能的关系。结果表明,复合相变材料的石蜡负载量从47.4%提高到了61.1%,进而提高了复合材料的储热性能;向改性DIA中添加膨胀石墨(EG)提高了复合材料的传热能力,添加质量分数10%EG时导热系数提高了113%(从0.276 W·m^-1·K^-1提高到了0.589 W·m^-1·K^-1)。随着EG含量的升高,复合相变材料的相变潜热有所增加,但化学相容性、稳定性等无明显变化。含 10%EG的石蜡/碱改性 DIA复合材料具有可靠的储能性能、良好的温度调节性能和蓄放热能力。     

活性炭孔径和比表面积对TiO2/AC光催化性能的影响

采用"同步物理-化学活化法"二次活化商品活性炭,制备不同孔径和比表面积的系列活性炭(AC)载体,以偏钛酸为钛源,利用均匀沉淀法制备TiO2负载型光催化剂(TiO2/AC),用氮吸附、XRD、SEM等方法表征,研究活性炭的孔径和比表面积对TiO2/AC性能的影响;并通过降解水溶液中的亚甲基蓝(MB)研究TiO2/AC光催化氧化特性,考察催化剂投加量、不同MB浓度等因素对光催化氧化的影响.结果表明,负载的TiO2粒子粒径为12-20 nm,活性炭的比表面积大、平均孔径大有利于TiO2的均匀分散,阻止TiO2晶粒生长,有利于充分发挥TiO2小尺度效应;另外,活性炭吸附和TiO2光解的协同效应使TiO2/AC光催化剂对MB降解的效率显著提高.动力学研究表明,TiO2/AC光催化降解MB反应符合表观一级动力学特征.     

活性炭孔径和比表面积对TiO2/AC光催化性能的影响

采用“同步物理-化学活化法”二次活化商品活性炭, 制备不同孔径和比表面积的系列活性炭(AC)载体, 以偏钛酸为钛源, 利用均匀沉淀法制备TiO2负载型光催化剂(TiO2/AC), 用氮吸附、XRD、SEM等方法表征, 研究活性炭的孔径和比表面积对TiO2/AC性能的影响; 并通过降解水溶液中的亚甲基蓝(MB)研究TiO2/AC光催化氧化特性, 考察催化剂投加量、不同MB浓度等因素对光催化氧化的影响. 结果表明, 负载的TiO2粒子粒径为12-20 nm, 活性炭的比表面积大、平均孔径大有利于TiO2的均匀分散, 阻止TiO2晶粒生长, 有利于充分发挥TiO2小尺度效应; 另外, 活性炭吸附和TiO2光解的协同效应使TiO2/AC光催化剂对MB降解的效率显著提高. 动力学研究表明, TiO2/AC光催化降解MB反应符合表观一级动力学特征.     

模拟研究石墨烯/生物基尼龙复合材料的界面热阻

生物基尼龙(PA56)源于天然产物,具有优良的环保性能和广阔应用前景,有望替代传统的石油基尼龙材料.为了开发基于PA56的导热材料,利用分子动力学模拟研究方法探索了石墨烯/PA56复合材料界面热阻的影响因素.首先,利用实验测试商用PA56样品的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和导热系数(Tc),验证了PA56模型的模拟参数.接着,通过设计和比较不同表面改性状态对石墨烯/PA56复合材料的界面热阻的影响规律,最后,为了降低界面改性的难度,设计了一种新型的二嵌段共聚物作为石墨烯/PA56复合体系的界面改性剂,研究了界面改性剂的结构对界面热阻的影响规律.研究结果对于实验研究制备生物基尼龙导热复合材料具有重要的参考价值.     

Thermal-Conductivity-Enhancing Copper-Plated Expanded Graphite/Paraffin Composite for Highly Stable Phase-Change Materials

Paraffin (PA)/expanded graphite (EG) is an important composite phase change material with low cost, high heat storage, good thermal conductivity and cycling stability. Its thermal conductivity needs to be further improved for application in the thermal management system of power lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, copper plated expanded graphite (CPEG) with 3D porous structure was prepared by electroless copper plating method, which was used as thermal conductivity enhancing material to replace part of EG in PA/EG composite materials. For the optimized phase change material composed of 80 %PA-14 %EG-6 %CPEG, the copper content is very low (0.768 wt %), but its thermal conductivity can be significantly improved without loss of latent heat and thermal cycling stability. Its thermal conductivity is increased from 11 times to 16.5 times that of paraffin while compared with the copper-free composite material (80 %PA-20 %EG). The PA/EG/CPEG composite material exhibits good temperature control effect on power lithium-ion batteries.     

Thermal energy storage and retrieval properties of form-stable phase change nanofibrous mats based on ternary fatty acid eutectics/polyacrylonitrile composite by magnetron sputtering of silver

This paper demonstrated a novel magnetron sputtering method used for the improvement in thermal energy storage and retrieval rates of phase change materials (PCMs). The ten types of ternary fatty acid eutectics (i.e., CA–LA–MA, CA–LA–PA, CA–LA–SA, CA–MA–PA, CA–MA–SA, CA–PA–SA, LA–MA–PA, LA–MA–SA, LA–PA–SA and MA–PA–SA) were firstly prepared using five fatty acids such as capric acid (CA), lauric acid (LA), myristic acid (MA), palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid (SA) and then selected as solid–liquid PCMs. Thereafter, magnetron sputter coating was used to deposit the functional silver (Ag) nanolayers onto the surface of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous mats serving as supporting skeleton. Finally, a series of composite PCMs were fabricated by adsorbing the prepared ternary eutectics into three-dimensional porous network structures of Ag-coated PAN membranes. The observations by EDX determined the formation of Ag nanolayers on the PAN nanofibers surface after magnetron sputtering. The SEM images illustrated that the Ag-coated PAN nanofibers appeared to have larger fiber diameter and rougher surface. Ag-coated PAN nanofibrous mats could effectively prevent the leakage of molten ternary eutectics and help maintain form-stable structure due to surface tension forces, capillary and nanoconfinement effects. The DSC results suggested that the phase change temperatures of the ternary fatty acid eutectics were obviously lower than those of individual fatty acids and their binary eutectics. The adsorption rates of ternary fatty acid eutectics in the composite PCMs were determined to be about 89–98 %. The thermal performance test indicated that the metallic coating of Ag dramatically improved the thermal energy storage and retrieval rates of the composite PCMs.     

One-step synthesis of CuS-decorated MWCNTs/paraffin composite phase change materials and their light–heat conversion performance

Paraffin wax (PW) is a solid–liquid organic phase change material (PCM). However, the low thermal conductivity and poor light–heat conversion performance limit its feasibility in solar thermal storage applications. In this paper, CuS-decorated carboxyl multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/PW light–heat conversion composite PCMs were prepared by one step. The structure and properties of the composite PCMs were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, coefficient of thermal conductivity, UV–visible–near infrared spectrometer and light–heat conversion testing. The results showed that the light–heat conversion performance of CuS–MWCNTs/PW composite PCMs were better than that of MWCNT/PW composite PCMs with the same mass fraction. Therefore, it is expected that this research will open up new avenues of study for the creation of advanced composite PCM with excellent light–heat conversion performance.     

三元脂肪酸/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备、包覆定形及热性能

采用癸酸、 月桂酸和棕榈酸的三元共晶混合物作为相变材料, 以膨胀石墨为基体, 通过膨胀石墨多孔结构的毛细吸附和复合涂饰剂的包覆定形, 将多元相变材料固定在膨胀石墨的孔道结构中, 制备出结构稳定、 密封性能优异、 热稳定性好和高导热的新型三元脂肪酸/膨胀石墨复合定形相变材料. 膨胀石墨具有膨胀疏松的多孔结构和良好的吸附性能; 其熔融潜热为95.6 J/g, 结晶焓为82.8 J/g, 说明其具有很好的相变蓄热特性和热循环稳定性; 材料的导热性能可增加至0.738 W/(m·K), 与脂肪酸相比得到大幅度提高.     

原位化学沉积法制备碳/聚苯胺复合材料作为超级电容器材料的研究

Polyaniline （PA） film was chemically deposited onto the surface of activated carbon （AC） uniformly. Chemical deposition was carried out in 0.1 mol/L aniline plus 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution adopting V2O5·nH2O coated on the surface of activated carbon as oxidant. The surface morphologies and structures of the composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectra. The electrochemical properties of the composite material electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge/discharge tests in 1 molFL H2SO4 solutions. The specific capacitance of composite materials was exhibited as high as 237.5 F/g at a current density of 1.0 A/g compared with a value of 120 F/g for pure carbon electrode. Good power characteristic and good stability of composite electrodes were also demonstrated.     

Preparation and thermal properties of fatty acids/CNTs composite as shape-stabilized phase change materials

A series of fatty acids/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite shape-stabilized PCMs were prepared through infiltration method by using the eutectic mixture of capric acid, lauric acid, and palmitic acid as phase change materials, multi-walled CNTs as a supporting material. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption curves and SEM images of composite shape-stabilized PCMs indicate that the eutectic mixture was effectively absorbed into the porous structure of the CNTs. DSC thermograms show that the composite fatty acids/CNTs possess good phase change behavior. And the latent heat of the sample absorbed with 80 wt% fatty acids can achieve 101.6 J g^?1 in the melting process and its phase change temperatures and latent heat almost remain unchanged in 30 times of thermal cycling. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of the composite materials are significantly improved (up to 0.6661 W m^?1 k^?1) due to the addition of the highly thermal conductive CNTs.     

Preparation and characterization of form-stable tetradecanol–palmitic acid expanded perlite composites containing carbon fiber for thermal energy storage

In this study, tetradecanol–palmitic acid/expanded perlite composites containing carbon fiber (TD-PA/EP-CF CPCMs) were prepared by a vacuum impregnation method. Binary eutectic mixtures of PA and TD were utilized as thermal energy storage material in the composites, where EP behaved as supporting material. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that crystal structures of PA, TD, EP, and CF remained unchanged, confirming no chemical interactions among raw materials besides physical combinations. The microstructures indicated that TD-PA was sufficiently absorbed into EP porous structure, forming no leakage even in molten state. Differential scanning calorimetry estimated the melting temperature of TD-PA/EP-CF CPCM to 33.6 °C, with high phase change latent heat (PCLH) of 138.3 kJ kg⁻¹. Also, the freezing temperature was estimated at 29.7 °C, with PCLH of 137.5 kJ kg⁻¹. The thermal cycling measurements showed that PCM composite had adequate stability even after 200 melting/freezing cycles. Moreover, the thermal conductivity enhanced from 0.48 to 1.081 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ in the presence of CF. Overall, the proposed CPCMs look promising materials for future applications due to their appropriate phase change temperature, elevated PCLH, and better thermal stability.

     

Preparation and thermal properties of palmitic acid/expanded graphite/carbon fiber composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage

Using palmitic acid (PA), expanded graphite (EG), and carbon fiber (CF) as raw materials, PA/EG/CF composite phase change materials (CPCMs) with diverse CF contents were invented by melt blending approach. The effects of different ratios on thermal properties were studied by experimental characterization and testing. Scanning electron microscopy images displayed that PA was adsorbed in the pores of the EG surface, while CF was disorderly but uniformly embedded in the interior and surface of pores. The chemical stability and thermal decomposition stability of CPCM at low temperature were proved by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermogravimetric analyzer results, respectively. According to the law of heat storage/release time and latent heat variation, the optimal ratio scheme was determined, and its heat storage/release time was 65% and 59% lower than pure PA, respectively. The form-stable materials were prepared by compression forming method, and thermal cycling experiment results demonstrated that the higher the content of CF, the stronger the inhibition of mass loss. Based on the experimental results, the PA/EG/CF CPCM has the advantages of stable phase transition, strong stability, and fast heat storage and release rate, so it has a marvelous application prospect in the field of low-temperature heat storage engineering.