强度调制光电流谱研究TiO2悬浮体系光催化机理

用强度调制光电流谱在光电化学电池中研究TiO2粒子悬浮液体系中的光催化反应机理,将强度按正弦变化的调制光照射TiO2粒子悬浮液,产生随频率变化的光电流响应,收集在Pt电极上,得到了光电流响应复数平面图,其上半圆和下半圆分别代表光生空穴和光生电子的阴极还原和阳极氧化反应过程.根据阴极和阳极光电流的幅度及上下半圆的特征频率分析讨论了光催化反应的机理及外加电压和H2O2添加物的影响.     

热处理气氛对 TiO2 纳米管阵列薄膜光电催化性能的影响

 采用原位阳极氧化法在 Ti 基底上制备了高度有序的 TiO₂ 纳米管阵列薄膜, 分别在 O₂, 空气, Ar 和 H₂ 气氛中于 500 oC 进行结晶热处理, 考察了热处理气氛对 TiO₂ 纳米管阵列薄膜光电催化降解亚甲基蓝 (MB) 反应性能的影响. 结果表明, 在这些气氛中热处理得到的锐钛矿晶型的纳米管阵列薄膜对 MB 降解满足一级反应, 其速率常数分别为 4.967, 3.127, 1.989 和 1.625 h^-1 (0.5 V). 电化学阻抗分析表明, TiO₂ 纳米管的光电催化性能受控于光生电荷的传递特性. 在 O₂ 中热处理, TiO₂ 纳米管的光吸收及激发性能得以改善, 且电荷传递阻抗降低, 因而其光电催化性能最好.     

镧对Al-Sn-Bi牺牲阳极电化学性能的影响

通过恒电流法和失重法研究了加入La对Al-Sn-Bi阳极电化学性能的影响,对比分析了阳极的电化学溶解特征。结果表明:不同含量La对Al-Sn-Bi牺牲阳极的电位影响较小;电流效率比未加La的阳极有不同程度的提高,其中Al-Sn-Bi-0.1La的电流效率增幅较大;La可改善阳极的腐蚀形貌,使得表面溶解均匀,同时降低阳极腐蚀速率,提高其耐蚀性,其中含量0.1%La效果明显。     

Cu-CeO_2基阳极直接甲烷SOFC的制备及其性能

采用干压法制备了NiO-YSZ(氧化钇稳定氧化锆)/(ZrO2)0.89(Sc2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.01(10ScSZ-1CeO2)半电池,经还原-酸溶法除去NiO制备了多孔YSZ负载致密10ScSZ-1CeO2双层结构,通过浸渍法在多孔YSZ阳极基体中引入Ce、Cu的硝酸盐制备Cu-CeO2-YSZ复合阳极,结合La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF)阴极构建了Cu-CeO2-YSZ/10ScSZ-1CeO2/LSCF单元电池.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等手段对电池单元的物相、微观结构进行表征.结果表明:还原-酸溶法制备的YSZ/10ScSZ-1CeO2双层结构的YSZ基体具有孔隙率高(64%)、孔洞连通性好的微观结构,有助于采用浸渍法引入Ce、Cu硝酸盐;10ScSZ-1CeO2电解质薄膜致密无缺陷,厚约30μm.电性能测试表明所构建单元固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)具有良好的电性能输出,在650℃以湿H2和CH4为燃料时的最大功率密度分别为0.29和0.09W·cm-2;在700℃以湿H2和CH4为燃料时的最大功率密度分别达到0.48和0.21W·cm-2.优良的电性能主要归功于小的电解质内阻和阴极极化电阻以及良好的阳极微观结构.     

阳极氧化铝模板法可控制备金属纳米线和纳米管阵列的生长机制

利用阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)进行Ni的电化学沉积, 通过在溶液中引入螯合剂控制电解质的有效浓度和电沉积的过电位, 实现了Ni纳米线和纳米管阵列的可控制备. 通过分析电沉积过程中纳米线和纳米管在不同位置生长速率(侧壁(Vw)和底端(Vb))的控制因素, 我们提出了纳米线和纳米管生长的可能机制. 当电解质浓度高而还原电位更负(如-1.5 V)时, 或者当电解质浓度低而还原电位较负(如-0.5 V)时, Vw>Vb, 可以获得Ni纳米管阵列; 当电解质浓度高而还原电位较负(如-0.5 V)时, 或者当电解质浓度低而还原电位更负(如-1.5 V)时, Vw≈Vb, 可以获得Ni纳米线阵列. 这种生长机制适用于多种金属纳米管或者纳米线阵列的可控制备.     

Two-dimensional photon counting imaging detector based on a Vernier position sensitive anode readout

A two-dimensional photon counting imaging detector based on a Vernier position sensitive anode is reported. The decode principle and design of a two-dimensional Vernier anode are introduced in detail. A photon counting imaging system was built based on a Vernier anode. The image of very weak optical radiation can be reconstructed by image processing in a period of integration time. The resolution is superior to 100 μm according to the resolution test. The detector may realize the imaging of very weak particle flow of high-energy photons, electrons and ions, so it can be used for high-energy physics, deep space exploration, spectral measurement and bio-luminescence detection.     

GISAXS and SAXS studies on the spatial structures of Co nanowire arrays

The spatial structures of magnetic Co nanowire array embedded in anodic aluminium membranes were investigated by grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and conventional small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. Compared with SEM observation, the GISAXS and SAXS measurements can get more overall structural information in a large-area scale. In this study, the two-dimensional GISAXS pattern was well reconstructed by using the IsGISAXS program. The results demonstrate that the hexagonal lattice formed by the Co nanowires is distorted (a ≈ 105 nm, b ≈ 95 nm). These Co nanowires are isolated into many structure domains with different orientations with a size of about 2 μm. The SAXS results have also confirmed that the nanopore structures in the AAM can be retained after depositing Co nanowires although the Co nanowires can not completely but only just fill up the nanopores. These results are helpful for understanding the global structure of the Co nanowire array.     

Ce-Pt-Pd/不锈钢丝网催化剂的制备与催化性能

采用阳极氧化技术在不锈钢丝网上自生长了一层结构致密的阳极氧化膜,并以此为载体,制备出一种高活性、高稳定性的负载型Ce-Pt-Pd催化剂.考察了该系列催化剂对甲苯、丙酮和乙酸乙酯的氧化活性,并用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温氧化技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,不锈钢丝网载体表面自生长的氧化物膜十分有利于活性组分的负载,制得的催化剂具有较高的催化燃烧有机化合物的活性和稳定性.     

Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lead with Heparin Modified Electrode

Introduction Overall exposure to lead is of public health concern because of several hazardous effects that may occur to human beings. Lead poisoning may provoke irritability, anorexia, malaise and headache. Intoxication progress may lead to attacks of abdominal pain until coma and death.1 The determination of trace lead in variety of en-vironmental samples is of great importance since lead is recognized as a cumulative poison to animals and hu-mans. There is a constant demand for improved an…