Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lead with Heparin Modified Electrode

Introduction Overall exposure to lead is of public health concern because of several hazardous effects that may occur to human beings. Lead poisoning may provoke irritability, anorexia, malaise and headache. Intoxication progress may lead to attacks of abdominal pain until coma and death.1 The determination of trace lead in variety of en-vironmental samples is of great importance since lead is recognized as a cumulative poison to animals and hu-mans. There is a constant demand for improved an…

Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lead with Heparin Modified Electrode

A novel differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of trace amounts of lead, using a biomacromolecule heparin drop‐coated modified glassy carbon electrode, has been described. Pb²‐ was deposited on the surface of a heparin‐modified electrode at ‐1.0 V (vs. SCE) via forming Pb²‐heparin and subsequent reduction at the electrode. In the following step, Pb‐heparin was oxidized, and voltammograms were recorded by scanning the potential in a positive direction. Conditions were optimized with respect to the pH of the medium, the mass of drop‐coated heparin, accumulation potential and accumulation time. The peak current was proportional to the Pb²‐ concentration in the range of 2.0X 10^?‐⁹ to 7.0X 10^?‐⁷ mol/L. The detection limit was 3.0X 10^?‐¹⁰ mol/L. The relative standard deviation was 4.83% for 1.0X 10^?‐⁸ mol/L Pb^2‐ (n = 10). The developed method has been applied to the determination of Pb^2‐ in water samples with satisfactory results.