分光计测定光栅常数

针对分光计测定光栅常数实验中入射光线偏离光栅法线的情形,提出了计算光栅常数的一个近似表达式。在不增加额外测量的前提下,使实验结果更接近于实际值。     

Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Chromium Borides Based on First-Principles Calculation

Two-dimensional(2D) magnetic materials have been experimentally recognized recently,however,the Curie temperatures(TC) of known 2D systems are quite low.Generally,magnetic systems can be seen as constituent magnetic elements providing spins and the non-magnetic elements providing frameworks to host the magnetic elements.Short bond lengths between the magnetic and non-magnetic elements would be beneficial for strong magnetic interactions and thus high TC.Based on this,we propose to combine the magnetic element Cr and the non-magnetic element boron to design novel 2D magnetic systems.Using our self-developed software package IM2 ODE,we design a series of chromium-boride based 2D magnetic materials.Nine stable magnetic systems are identified.Among them,we find that CrB4-Ⅰ,CrB4-Ⅱ and CrBs-Ⅰ with common structural units [CrB8] are ferromagnetic metals with estimated TC of 270 K,120 K and 110 K,respectively.On the other hand,five CrB3 phases with structural units [Cr2B12] are antiferromagnetic metals.Additionally,we also find one antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrB2-Ⅰ.Our work may open new directions for identifying 2D magnetic systems with high TC.     

First-principles investigation on ideal strength of B2 NiAl and NiTi alloys

For B2 NiAl and NiTi intermetallic compounds, the ideal stress–strain image is lack from the perspective of elastic constants. We use first-principles calculation to investigate the ideal strength and elastic behavior under the tensile and shear loads. The relation between the ideal strength and elastic constants is found. The uniaxial tension of NiAl and NiTi along <001> crystal direction leads to the change from tetragonal path to orthogonal path, which is driven by the vanishing of the shear constant C(66). The shear failure under {110}{111} shear deformation occurring in process of tension may result in a small ideal tensile strength(~ 2 GPa) for NiTi. The unlikeness in the ideal strength of Ni Al and Ni Ti alloys is discussed based on the charge density difference.     

旋转飞行器动稳定导数获取原理

旋转飞行器具有独特的周期性非定常气动现象，其动态特性更加复杂，气流与旋转高度非定常关联，俯仰阻尼导数和Magnus力矩导数同等重要.文章从飞行器气动力建模的理论基础出发，考虑飞行器自转角速度非零的事实，将其作为基态影响参数，重新构建了旋转飞行器气动力数学表达式，并借鉴成熟的常规动导数强迫振动法，采用Fourier级数表征旋转影响，沿用旋转飞行器周期气动等效概念，建立了基于基态旋转流场的周期气动等效平均俯仰动稳定导数、纵向洗流时差导数和滚转动稳定导数获取的原理表达式，并设计了相应的运动模式，可供数值计算和风洞实验使用.      

气相色谱-质谱联用技术用于利尿剂的快速初筛和确证

利用微波辅助衍生及宏程序技术,对反兴奋剂条例的禁用列表中的一系列利尿剂药物进行了研究。建立了同时分析尿样中9种利尿剂的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)测定以及抽检尿样的初筛、确证的新方法。在GC-MS的选择离子监测(SIM)模式下,所建立定量方法的检出限为0.3~6.6μg/L;尿样中的提取回收率为37.6%~96.8%;RSD小于9.7%。由于采用了微波衍生样品前处理技术和宏程序数据处理方法,显著提高了分析效率,不但检测灵敏度完全能满足国际奥委会的要求,而且检测时间缩短3 h以上。方法成功地应用于口服吲达帕胺后尿样的检测,探讨了人尿中吲达帕胺代谢情况,有效进行兴奋剂监控提供了依据。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼虾中5种硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢物

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼虾中5种硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢物的分析方法。样品中的目标物经乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷去脂,PCX固相萃取柱净化,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子模式,多反应监测（MRM）采集数据进行定性与定量分析,外标法定量。5种硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢物在0.5～20 ng/mL质量浓度范围内有良好线性,相关系数均大于0.99,方法定量限为0.2～0.5μg/kg,不同鱼虾样品中三个加标水平的平均回收率为76.5%～106%,相对标准偏差为1.97%～13.4%(n=6)。该方法具有灵敏度高、重现性佳、回收率高、基质干扰少、高效等优点,满足鱼虾中5种硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢物的定性定量检测要求。     

碳纳米管的色谱纯化法

目前碳纳米管的纯化方法很多,有物理法,化学法和物理化学综合法等,然而这些方法仍不能得到高纯度的碳纳米管。色谱法分离纯化碳纳米管已成为近年来研究的热点,该法不仅能高效分离得到高纯度的碳纳米管,而且还能达到长短分离,具有重要的学术和实际意义。已报道的色谱法纯化碳纳米管主要有空间排阻色谱法以及毛细管电泳法,本文对上述色谱法纯化碳纳米管做了详细介绍。     

在线自动化柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定食品中组胺的研究

建立了在线自动化柱前衍生.高效液相色谱法测定食品中组胺的新方法.通过对测定过程中各个影响因素进行优化,如自动化衍生程序的设定,衍生试剂的用量,衍生体系pH影响等,确立了适宜的测定条件.在该条件下,对于组胺的检出限为0.01 μg/mL,在0.05～100 λg/mL范围内,线性关系良好(r2＞0.999).通过对样品基质进行加标,检出限为0.20 mg/kg.将所建立的方法应用于金枪鱼罐头,烟熏鲣鱼,冻鲭鱼等样品中组胺的测定,测得的组胺含量为0.59～167 mg/kg,加标回收率均大于97%,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5%.所建立的方法适用于大量样品的常规分析测定.