A single dual-mode gas sensor for early safety warning of Li-ion batteries: Micro-scale Li dendrite and electrolyte leakage

Li dendrites and electrolyte leakage are common causes of Li-ion battery failure. H₂, generated by Li dendrites, and electrolyte vapors have been regarded as gas markers of the early safety warning of Li-ion batteries. SnO₂-based gas sensors, widely used for a variety of applications, are promising for the early safety detection of Li-ion batteries, which are necessary and urgently required for the development of Li-ion battery systems. However, the traditional SnO₂ sensor, with a single signal, cannot demonstrate intelligent multi-gas recognition. Here, a single dual-mode (direct and alternating current modes) SnO₂ sensor demonstrates clear discrimination of electrolyte vapors and H₂, released in different states of Li-ion batteries, together with principal component analysis (PCA) analysis. This work provides insight into the intelligent technology of single gas sensors.     

Switching plasticity in compensated ferrimagnetic multilayers for neuromorphic computing

Current-induced multilevel magnetization switching in ferrimagnetic spintronic devices is highly pursued for the application in neuromorphic computing. In this work, we demonstrate the switching plasticity in Co/Gd ferrimagnetic multilayers where the binary states magnetization switching induced by spin-orbit toque can be tuned into a multistate one as decreasing the domain nucleation barrier. Therefore, the switching plasticity can be tuned by the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the multilayers and the in-plane magnetic field. Moreover, we used the switching plasticity of Co/Gd multilayers for demonstrating spike timing-dependent plasticity and sigmoid-like activation behavior. This work gives useful guidance to design multilevel spintronic devices which could be applied in high-performance neuromorphic computing.     

Quantum phase transitions in CePdAl probed by ultrasonic and thermoelectric measurements

CePdAl has been recently recognized as a frustrated antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion compound with a pressure- or field-tuned, extended quantum critical phase at zero temperature. Identifying characteristic signatures of the emerging quantum critical phase, which are expected to be distinct from those near a quantum critical point, remains challenging. In this work, by performing ultrasonic and thermoelectric measurements down to very low temperatures in a ³He-⁴He dilution refrigerator in the presence of magnetic field, we are able to obtain some crucial thermodynamic and thermal transport features of the quantum critical phase, including a frustration-related elastic softening detected by ultrasound and a Fermi-surface change probed by thermoelectric effect.     

β-重氮-α-羰基酰胺类化合物的合成及其与烯烃的环丙烷化反应

以重氮丙酮酸乙酯和氨基醇为原料,经过氨解合成了一系列β-重氮-α-羰基酰胺类化合物,并与环己烯反应制备了环丙烷化产物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和HR-MS确证。     

摘要:针对导热系数测定实验中数据处理不准确的问题,对牛筋、橡胶、铝三种不同材料在自然冷却和风扇冷却条件下的导热系数进行了测量,利用Origin软件进行分析比较表明,用二项式拟合和指数拟合即可得到较高的相关度,并且材料的导热系数与降温方式无关.关键词:物理实验;导热系数;Origin软件;数据处理中图分类号:O551.3文献标志码:A

针对导热系数测定实验中数据处理不准确的问题,对牛筋、橡胶、铝三种不同材料在自然冷却和风扇冷却条件下的导热系数进行了测量,利用Origin软件进行分析比较表明,用二项式拟合和指数拟合即可得到较高的相关度,并且材料的导热系数与降温方式无关.     

偏振滤波白天抑制天光背景作用分析

由于天文观测领域大部分自适应光学系统只能在夜晚工作,提出了采用偏振滤波技术抑制天光背景的办法以达到白天探测微弱星体目标的目的。介绍了偏振滤波的原理并估算了抑制天光背景的效果,通过观测角度关系得到了偏振方位角的计算公式,并在丽江观测站1.8m望远镜自适应光学系统平台上进行实验,给出了消像旋模型。实验结果表明,偏振滤波技术能有效抑制天光背景,提高星体目标探测能力,一定程度上提高了自适应光学系统在白天探测弱小星体目标的可能性。     

介质球掺杂导致的无序效应对光子晶体光学性能的影响

采用自组装法制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)微球三维光子晶体结构,通过在PS微球悬浮液中掺入不同浓度的二氧化硅大球,实现了光子晶体结构从有序向无序过程的转变。通过对这些样品的透射、反射进行测量和分析,发现无序效应对光子晶体的光子响应特性具有极大的影响,随着无序程度的增加,高频波段的透射率急剧下降,低频波段的法布里-珀罗振荡消失,光子带隙蓝移且逐渐消失;而在掺杂浓度为0.02%(质量分数)时,光子晶体带隙中心的最低透射率从10%下降到1%,且反射单峰随着探测角度的增大而分裂为双峰。这有助于基于介质球三维光子晶体沿Γ-L方向透射消光,促进其在新型光学器件领域的应用发展。     

利用高光谱红边与黄边位置距离识别小麦条锈病

研究的目的是利用高光谱遥感尽可能早地识别出健康与遭受条锈病胁迫的小麦。通过人工田间诱发不同等级条锈病,在不同生育期测定感染不同严重程度条锈病的冬小麦冠层光谱及病情指数(disease index,DI)。对测定的光谱进行平滑并计算一阶微分值,并用两种方法分别提取光谱红边位置(red edge position,REP)与黄边位置(yellow edge position,YEP)：(1)一阶微分最大值法;(2)Cho and Skidmore方法。研究表明随着病情严重度的增加,REP逐渐向短波方向移动,YEP逐渐向长波方向移动,而REP-YEP则迅速的减小。分别对比分析了REP,YEP以及REP-YEP预测DI的能力,结果表明,以REP-YEP为变量的模型预测DI的精度最好,模型估测绝对误差(RMSE)仅为6.22,相对误差(relative error,RE)为14.3%,且能够提前12 d识别出健康与病害胁迫的小麦。该研究不仅可为将来利用高光谱遥感大面积监测小麦病害提供理论与技术支持,而且对精准农业的实施也具有重要意义与实际应用价值。     

N,N(-双(邻甲苯基)-3,6-二甲基-1,4-二氢-S-四嗪-1,4-二甲酰胺的晶体结构

邻甲苯基异腈酸酯与3,6-二甲基-1,6-二氢-S-四嗪在催化剂4-二甲胺基吡啶存在下反应,生成标题化合物( C20H22N6O2, Mr = 378.43 )。经X-射线单晶结构分析表明此晶体属单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,a = 11.151(4),b = 15.318(2),c = 11.352(2)?,β=103.85(2)°,V = 1882.7? 3,Z = 4,μ= 0.093mm-1,Dc = 1.413g/cm3,F(000) = 800。结果表明,该化合物的两个酰胺基处于S-四嗪环的1,4位,而四嗪环本身呈船式构象。     

反应烧结碳化硅复合材料的磨损机理研究

采用销－盘摩擦磨损试验机考察了反应烧结碳化硅及含Ｎｉ碳化硅复合材料在不同温度下的干摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,Ｎｉ有利于改善反应烧结碳化硅复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。ＳＥＭ磨损表面和亚表面分析表明,复合材料在常温下的磨损机理为削和犁沟;６００℃下反应烧结碳化硅的磨损机理为表面裂纹形成及断裂;而含Ｎｉ碳化硅复合材料的磨损机理为亚表面裂纹扩展导致表面局部剥落。