现场侦检装备在应对化学威胁中的应用与发展

近年来,国内外不断发生的化学恐怖袭击和化学事故仍然是当今人类生存、国家安全所面临的重大威胁。化学侦检是防化应急处置与救援的眼睛,熟练掌握和正确使用侦检装备是应对化学威胁、降低损失和伤亡的关键因素。基于化学传感等技术的侦检装备具有响应快速、智能便携的特点,并且在远程监测和实时值守等方面具有优势。该文针对涵盖电化学传感器、质量敏感型传感器、红外传感器、拉曼传感器、离子迁移谱仪、火焰光度检测器、光致电离检测器、远程遥测传感装备等在内的现场侦检装备,从原理、性能、优势和不足等方面进行了概述,重点阐述了侦检装备在应对化学威胁方面的最新进展,并对其发展趋势、应用前景进行了展望,以期为化学侦检装备在应对化学威胁中的深入研究与应用提供参考。     

CRISPR-Cas System for RNA Detection and Imaging

The system of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)and CRISPR-associated endonucleases(Cas)have been widely used in gene editing,disease treatment,molecular diagnosis and chromosome imaging.On account of the programmable target recognition of CRISPR-Cas system and the specific targeting function toward RNA of type Ⅵ class Ⅱ Cas proteins,CRISPR-Cas system has been deployed as RNA recognition and detection tools,exhibiting promising application potentials in the field of RNA detection and imaging.In this review,we summarize the latest research progresses as well as development prospects of CRISPR-Cas system in RNA diagnosis and live cell RNA imaging.     

Structural features of an acidic polysaccharide with the potential of promoting osteoblast differentiation from Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

Abstract

The enhanced osteoblast differentiation is beneficial to the prevention of osteoporosis. In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (LRP-S2A) with the potential of promoting osteoblast differentiation was obtained from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum, a traditional herb for treatment of postmenopausal metabolic disorders. Structural identification indicated that LRP-S2A, with a relative molecular weight of 2.65 × 10⁶ Da and an uronic acid content of 41.8%, contained Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc and GlcA in a molar ratio of 1.00 : 2.07 : 0.57 : 2.59 : 4.33 and was composed of a backbone consisting of 6-O-Me-α-(1→4)-D-GlcpA, 2-O-acetyl-α-(1→4)-D-Glcp, α-(1→2,4)-L-Rhap, β-(1→3)-D-Galp andα-(1→3,5)-L-Araf, and some branches consisting of 6-O-Me-α-(1→4)-D-GlcpA and terminal α-L-Araf. These results suggested that LRP-S2A with the potential of promoting osteoblast differentiation was a new acidic polysaccharide.     

Anti-inflammatory bibenzyls from the stems of Dendrobium huoshanense via bioassay guided isolation

Abstract

The stems of Dendrobium huoshanense have long been used to prevent various diseases, including inflammatory diseases. This study was aimed to explain the anti-inflammatory effect of D. huoshanense stems in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and to discover potential anti-inflammatory compounds. Results exhibited that D. huoshanense stems ethanol extract could significantly inhibit LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β. Based on bioassay guided strategy, four bibenzyls (1–4) were isolated from D. huoshanense stems for the first time. Anti-inflammatory assay showed 1–4 could remarkably inhibit the production of NO in LPS-induced macrophages. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR analysis displayed that the mRNA levels of iNOs, TNF-α and IL-1β could also be significantly reduced by 1–4. These results suggested that D. huoshanense stems ethanol extract and bibenzyls 1–4 might be well developed as therapeutic agent to prevent inflammatory diseases.     

聚乳酸组织工程支架结构的精密调控

采用糖球模板法结合热致相分离技术,制备了孔径尺寸、内连通度及孔隙率高度可控的左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)支架材料,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)以及示差扫描量热法(DSC)对其空间结构及性能进行了系统研究.支架材料孔径从50μm到800μm及内连通孔径从10μm到200μm连续可调,微观孔壁结构根据不同溶剂可形成各异的微纳米结构.支架的制备对PLLA化学结构无显著影响,但相分离过程会不同程度地降低PLLA的结晶度.     

分段滤波用于消除脉搏血氧检测中多种运动干扰的研究

脉搏血氧饱和度检测仪可以无损、实时地检测动脉血液中的含氧百分比,从而快速对人体的呼吸状况以及心肺功能作出判断,但其检测精度极易受到测试部位运动的影响.人体测试部位的运动大致可以分为突发性运动干扰以及周期性的运动干扰.突发性干扰表现在局部脉搏波的波形突变上,而周期性的干扰体现在多个局部脉搏波的波形的周期性变化上.文章有针对性地提出了一种将微分阈值分段与迭带中值滤波相结合的方法来剔除突发扰动的方法,并且在上诉方法上再加上一级多点移动平滑以消除周期性运动干扰.实验证明该方法在消除多种运动伪差上有着较好的效果,且该方法计算简单,易于实现,有着一定的实际应用价值.     

Beam dynamics and RF design of trapezoidal IH-RFQ with low energy spread

Beam dynamics and RF design have been performed of a new type trapezoidal IH-RFQ operating at 104 MHz for acceleration of 14C+ in the framework of RFQ based 14C AMS facility at Peking University. Low energy spread RFQ beam dynamics design was approached by the method of internal discrete bunching. 14C+ will be accelerated from 40 keV to 500 keV with the length of about 1.1 m. The designed transmission efficiency is better than 95% and the energy spread is as low as 0.6%. Combining the beam dynamics design, a trapezoidal IH-RFQ structure was proposed, which can be cooled more easily and has better mechanical performance than traditional RFQ. Electromagnetic field distribution was simulated by using CST Microwave Studio (MWS). The specific shunt impedance and the quality factor were optimized primarily.     

Dipole bands in nucleus ~(139)Pm

High-spin states in nucleus 139Pm have been studied using the reaction 116Cd(27Al,4n)139Pm.Two dipole cascades have been found.Spin and parity assignments were based on the Directional Correlation of Oriented Nuclei(DCO) ratios and systematic behavior in neighboring odd-proton nuclei.The level structures of 139Pm are compared with those of the N =78 isotone 141Eu in which two dipole bands have been confirmed as magnetic rotational bands.The close similarity between them suggests that the dipole bands in 139...     

Asymmetric Heat Conduction in One-Dimensional Hard-Point Model with Mass Gradient

The heat conduction in a one-dimensional （1D） hard-point model with mass gradient is studied. Using numerical simulation, we find an asymmetric heat conduction in this model with greater heat current in the direction of mass increase. The increase of temperature gradient, mass gradient and system size axe found to enhance the asymmetric heat conduction. Based on the collision dynamic of a haxd-point particle, we give a qualitative explanation for the underlying mechanism of asymmetric effect.     

父代种群参与竞争遗传算法几乎必然收敛

熟知,标准遗传算法如不采用“杰出者记录策略”则必不收敛。本文发现：允许父代种群参与竞争是标准遗传算法几乎必然收敛的条件。特别地,我们运用鞅收敛定理证明：允许父代种群参与竞争型遗传算法能以概率1确保在限步内达到全局最优解,且收敛与种群规模无关。所获结果对该类遗传算法的应用奠定了可靠基础。