有机智能传感材料与器件研究进展

有机光电子材料具有柔性、低成本、可大面积加工以及分子结构可调等特点,在可穿戴智能器件领域具有巨大的应用潜力.有机分子可以通过结构的设计调节其光学、电学、机械和化学等特性,从而实现丰富的传感功能.有机智能传感器具有快速响应、高选择性、高灵敏和机械柔性等优势,被广泛应用于环境监测、电子皮肤、医疗监测、人机交互等智能感知领域.本文综述了近年来有机智能传感材料与器件的研究进展,包括小分子半导体、聚合物半导体和导电聚合物等有机传感材料,以及化学传感器、温度传感器、光学传感器和机械传感器等有机智能传感器件的前沿应用,重点介绍了目前生物传感器、仿生传感器等智能感知器件和系统的发展现状,并对其未来发展过程中面临的挑战进行了分析.     

基于石墨烯功能复合材料的DNA电化学生物传感器

石墨烯(Gr)是一类由单层碳原子组成的二维碳质材料,利用它独特的结构和良好的物理、化学性能,可构筑出在电催化、电化学传感器和生物传感器等领域有着巨大应用潜力的新型Gr功能复合材料。基于Gr功能复合材料的DNA电化学传感器与常规DNA传感器相比,具有明显的特色和优势,已被应用于特异DNA靶序列的识别和传感领域。本文就基于Gr功能复合材料的DNA电化学传感器的近期进展作简要评述,包括Gr与Gr基金属、金属氧化物、高分子、生物分子复合材料的电化学性能及其在DNA电化学传感中的应用,并对该类DNA电化学传感器的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

用于细胞检测的微电极传感器设计及传感分析

本文针对肿瘤细胞的活性检测、神经细胞的神经递质检测与巨噬细胞等的氧化损伤检测等细胞检测中的核心问题,简要介绍电化学生化传感器和传感方法在细胞检测领域的应用和发展,重点对不同微电极结构的电化学传感器的设计制作、细胞检测方法及应用进展进行了综述。电化学生化传感器从单一检测电极向集成多功能和阵列式电极发展,从单个电极传感检测模式向芯片集成微电极式传感系统发展,而在其生物相容性、检测限和检测效率等方面尚需进一步提升和拓展。基于微机电系统(MEMS)技术制作的微电极研制,电极表面的多种化学和生物修饰的敏感膜研究,从硅基到聚合物柔性基底电极的材料拓展,小体积、植入式、可穿戴式的电化学生化传感器研制等是目前发展的方向,其在临床检验、精准医疗、运动健康监测、老年健康服务等诸多领域中显示出巨大的应用前景。     

QCM和SAW传感器的原理及其在现场检测中的应用

压电化学传感器是一类重要的质量敏感型检测器,由于具有体积小、灵敏度高、响应时间快等优越性而具有极好的应用前景.本文介绍了体声波化学传感器(QCM)和表面声波化学传感器(SAW)的原理,概述了最近几年的应用情况及提高灵敏度的方法,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

《静电纺丝传感界面》

正化学传感技术在复杂样品中目标化合物的高灵敏和特异性检测方面发挥着重要作用,而核心是传感界面的构建,其功能决定着传感器的响应速度、灵敏度、选择性、重复性和稳定性等检测性能。静电纺丝具有三维立体结构、比表面积大、孔隙率高和直径可调等优势,而且可以通过调控纤维的化学组成和微观结构,以及利用表面功能化等技术,来提高传     

基于水凝胶的细菌传感检测

水凝胶具有含水量高、柔韧性好、黏弹性高、生物相容性高以及独特的刺激响应特性,这使得水凝胶材料在细菌传感检测方面备受关注。基于水凝胶的细菌传感器及传感芯片的研究,对细菌的基础科学研究具有重要意义,更对细菌的快速高效检测、特定环境中的细菌污染防控和疾病传播控制等具有重要应用价值。本文针对近年来水凝胶在细菌传感检测方面的研究工作进行综述。简要介绍了水凝胶的种类,水凝胶与细菌之间相互作用的影响因素。重点综述了基于温敏型水凝胶、pH敏感型水凝胶、酶敏感型水凝胶以及特异性标识物功能化修饰的水凝胶构建的传感器和传感检测方法,并综述了基于水凝胶的新型柔性传感器和微流控传感芯片的研究进展。基于水凝胶的细菌传感器在检测效率、信号采集和稳定性等方面仍需进一步提升和拓展。随着新型水凝胶材料的出现,智能细菌传感器、柔性细菌传感器和集成微流控细菌传感芯片是目前发展的方向,在细菌检测方面显示出良好的发掘潜力和应用前景。     

石英晶体微天平在手性识别中的应用

石英晶体微天平(QCM)是一类重要的质量型检测器,因具有灵敏度高、分析速度快、检测成本低等优点而具有极好的应用前景,现已广泛应用于环境监测、药物分析、食品质量控制等诸多领域。手性工程的崛起对简单、快速、在线的手性检测技术提出了挑战,QCM手性传感器就是其中一个重要的发展分支。该文简要介绍了QCM的典型实验装置和基本传感原理,详细综述了近年来QCM在手性识别领域的研究进展,包括以环糊精衍生物、分子印迹聚合物、氨基酸衍生物等为手性主体的QCM在手性识别中的应用,并对其今后的发展进行了展望。     

光导纤维光谱法——Ⅴ.光导纤维化学传感器

本文介绍了光导纤维化学传感器的基本原理,传光型和传感型化学传感器的各种探头设计和构型,以及它们在无机和有机分析方面的应用。涉及参考文献105篇。     

可穿戴电化学传感器件的研制及其应用

可穿戴电化学传感器件是一种可直接穿戴在身体特定部位、甚至植入用户体内的柔性电化学传感器。其具有简易性、便携性、灵活性等特点,可实时电化学监测与跟踪分析待测物,被广泛用于医疗保健、人体健康和环境监测等领域。该综述概括了可穿戴电化学传感器件的硬件设计与研制,及其在汗液检测、神经化学监测、现场分析检测（POCT）中的应用,总结和展望了可穿戴电化学传感器件的未来发展趋势,以期为可穿戴电化学传感领域的进一步发展提供参考。     

荧光化学传感器的研究进展

从荧光指示剂的设计原理、固定方法及传感器材料三方面,对荧光化学传感器近年来的进展作了评述,特别是对一些新型荧光化学传感器的应用及纳米传感新材料的发展作了重点介绍。此外,对荧光化学传感器的发展前景作了展望。     

Electrochemical Sensing of Explosives

This article reviews recent advances in electrochemical sensing and detection of explosive substances. Escalating threats of terrorist activities and growing environmental concerns have generated major demands for innovative field‐deployable tools for detecting explosives in a fast, sensitive, reliable and simple manner. Field detection of explosive substances requires that a powerful analytical performance be coupled to miniaturized low‐cost instrumentation. Electrochemical devices offer attractive opportunities for addressing the growing explosive sensing needs. The advantages of electrochemical systems include high sensitivity and selectivity, speed, a wide linear range, compatibility with modern microfabrication techniques, minimal space and power requirements, and low‐cost instrumentation. The inherent electroactivity of nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitroester compounds makes them ideal candidates for electrochemical detection. Recent activity in various laboratories has led to the development of disposable sensor strips, novel electrode materials, submersible remote sensors, and electrochemical detectors for microchip (‘Lab‐on‐Chip’) devices for on‐site electrochemical detection of explosive substances. The attractive behavior of these electrochemical monitoring systems makes them very promising for addressing major security and environmental problems.     

Supramolecular Sensing of a Chemical Warfare Agents Simulant by Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles

Real-time sensing of chemical warfare agents by optical sensors is today a crucial target to prevent terroristic attacks by chemical weapons. Here the synthesis, characterization and detection properties of a new sensor, based on covalently functionalized carbon nanoparticles, are reported. This nanosensor exploits noncovalent interactions, in particular hydrogen bonds, to detect DMMP, a simulant of nerve agents. The nanostructure of the sensor combined with the supramolecular sensing approach leads to high binding constant affinity, high selectivity and the possibility to reuse the sensor.     

Demonstration of an integrated capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence fiber-optic sensor

A unique integrated separation-based fiber-optic sensor for remote analysis, that incorporates capillary electrophoresis (CE) directly at the fiber sensing terminus is described for the first time. Based on laser-induced fluorescence detection, the sensor offers the potential for high sensitivity. Although the broad-band nature of fluorescence spectra limits selectivity, the high separation power of CE provides a unique dimension of selectivity, while permitting a design of diminutive size. Previously reported fluorescence-based sensors that utilize a chemical reagent phase to impart selectivity tend to be inflexible (not readily adaptable to the detection of different species) and "one-measurement-only" sensors. Conversely, the CE-based fiber-optic sensor described here is both versatile and reusable. The analysis speed and the potential for remote control are further attributes which make the system amenable to remote sensing. A "single-fiber" optical detection arrangement and a "single-reservoir" CE system with the fiber-optic probing the outlet of the separation capillary are employed. A preliminary evaluation of the separation characteristics of this CE-based sensor is presented. Highlights include an observed separation efficiency of up to 3000 theoretical plates (8 cm separation capillary) and migration time reproducibility of less than 10% for frontal mode CE separations. The potential utility of the sensor for remote analysis is demonstrated with separations involving the CE analysis of charged fluorescent dyes, CE analysis of metal complexes based on in situ complexation and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic analysis of neutral fluorescent compounds.     

基于荧光内滤效应的荧光增强型钠离子光纤传感器

在吸收型钠离子光化学传感器的敏感膜中加入合适的荧光试剂,应用荧光内滤效应研制成的荧光增强型光纤传感器,在测量灵敏度和抗背景干扰能力方面均有较大的改善,对血清和矿泉水样品中的钠离子含量进行了分析,获得了满意的结果。     

Nanostructured Substrates for Optical Sensing

Sensors that change color have the advantages of versatility, ease of use, high sensitivity, and low cost. The recent development of optically based chemical sensing platforms has increasingly employed substrates manufactured with advanced processing or fabrication techniques to provide precise control over shape and morphology of the sensor micro- and nano-structure. New sensors have resulted with improved capabilities for a number of sensing applications, including the detection of biomolecules and environmental monitoring. This perspective focuses on recent optical sensor devices that utilize nanostructured substrates.     

Optical colorimetric sensor arrays for chemical and biological analysis

In recent years, the sensor array has attracted much attention in the field of complex system analysis on the basis of its good selectivity and easy operation. Many optical colorimetric sensor arrays are designed to analyze multi-target analytes due to the good sensitivity of optical signal. In this review, we introduce the targeting analytes, sensing mechanisms and data processing methods of the optical colorimetric sensor array based on optical probes (including organic molecular probes, polymer materials and nanomaterials). The research progress in the detection of metal ions, anions, toxic gases, organic compounds, biomolecules and living organisms (such as DNA, amino acids, proteins, microbes and cells) and actual sample mixtures are summarized here. The review illustrates the types, application advantages and development prospects of the optical colorimetric sensor array to help broad readers to understand the research progress in the application of chemical sensor array.     

A Study of the Swelling Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites through Electrical and Optical Characterization

In the present study, polymer nanocomposite layers for sensing applications are characterized by means of an optical method based on white light interferometry. The study focuses on poly (hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and on nanocomposite Carbon black (CB)/PHEMA layers commonly used in chemical sensor technology for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection. The interferometric spectra of these two different materials, recorded during analyte exposure, are analyzed in terms of film expansion. Comparison between PHEMA and PHEMA/CB layer shows that the nanocomposite undergoes a more pronounced swelling process. In order to achieve a better comprehension of the sensing mechanism and to improve the sensor performances, the variations of the electrical signal of a nanocomposite-based chemiresistor in presence of VOCs are examined and compared to the optical behaviour.     

Infrared glass fibers for in-situ sensing, chemical and biochemical reactions

Infrared optical fibres based on chalcogenide glasses have been designed for evanescent wave spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the optical sensor is improved in tapering the sensing zone by chemical etching and the working optical domain of the system has been tested on a chloroform sample. This original remote sensor, based on the analysis of infrared signatures, has been applied to follow the fermentation process in cider fabrication as well as to detect and monitor a bacterial biofilm.     

Photonic sensor devices for explosive detection

For the sensitive online and in situ detection of gaseous species, optical methods are ideally suited. In contrast to chemical analysis, no sample preparation is necessary and therefore spectroscopic methods should be favorable both in respect of a fast signal recovery and economically because no disposal is needed. However, spectroscopic methods are currently not widely used for security applications. We review photonic sensor devices for the detection of explosives in the gas phase as well as the condensed phase and the underlying spectroscopic techniques with respect to their adaptability for security applications, where high sensitivity, high selectivity, and a low false-alarm rate are of importance. The measurements have to be performed under ambient conditions and often remote handling or even operation in standoff configuration is needed. For handheld and portable equipment, special attention is focused on the miniaturization and examples for already-available sensor devices are given.     

基于聚集诱导发光荧光探针的细胞成像研究进展

荧光探针是化学传感技术领域在20世纪末的一项重大发现,具有合成简单、灵敏度高、选择性好、响应时间短、可视化高等优点。 将具有聚集诱导发光现象(AIE)特征的荧光基团与具有生物相容性的高分子结合起来,使得荧光材料具有毒性低、光稳定性好、生物相容性好等特点。 在分子、离子检测和细胞成像技术中得到广泛的研究和应用。 本文综述了细胞质成像、细胞膜成像、线粒体成像、溶酶体成像、脂滴成像、细胞核成像、细胞核和线粒体双靶向性成像的荧光探针,并对其应用前景做了展望。