一种评价离子选择性电极综合性能的新方法及其在盐酸强力霉素PVC膜选择性电极研制中的应用

以电极的响应斜率、响应线性、检出限和响应时间等参数 ,首次提出了一个评价离子选择性PVC膜电极综合性能的新方法———综合性能指数 (ICQ) ,应用ICQ 于以盐酸强力霉素 -四苯硼酸根为电活性物 ,以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为增塑剂的盐酸强力霉素离子选择性电极的PVC膜成分优选 ;该电极在5.0×10-6～3.2×10-2mol/L范围内呈线性响应 ,斜率为54.5mV/pc,检出限为2.4×10 -6mol/L ;采用直接电位法测定药物片剂中的盐酸强力霉素的含量 ,方法的回收率为99.6%～100.1% ;研究发现 ,当溶液 pH>4时以盐酸强力霉素 -磷钨酸根离子缔合物为电活性物的盐酸强力霉素PVC膜电极呈现超_Nernst响应     

盐酸普鲁卡因离子选择性电极的研制及应用

用盐酸普鲁卡因离子缔合物为电活性物质,以11邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯为增塑剂,研制成了以PVC为基质膜的盐酸普鲁卡因离子选择性电极.盐酸普鲁卡因浓度在1.0×10-4～2.5×10-2 mol/L范围内时,电极电位服从能斯特方程.响应斜率为56.6 mV/△PC,检测下限为3.16×10-5mol/L,对盐酸普鲁卡因的回收率为95.0%～105%,相对标准偏差为4.6%.本文还考察了电极的各种性质,测定了20种常见离子的选择性系数.方法巳用于实际样品中的盐酸普鲁卡因测定,与常规方法对照,相对误差为4.1%.     

溶胶-凝胶基质修饰的镉离子选择性电极

一种以CdS为活性物质,用溶胶 凝胶技术制作的新型镉离子选择性电极。电极的斜率为29mV/decade,线性范围为1.0×10-1～6.0×10-5mol/L,检测下限为4.5×10-5mol/L,适宜的pH3.2～5.9,并对回收率进行了测定。     

5—羟色胺敏感膜电极的研究 Ⅰ.离子缔合型5—羟色胺膜电极的研制

5-羟色胺(5-HT)与许多疾病的发生和发展有关。应用正交试验,研究了离子缔合型5-HT敏感膜电极的最优化膜组成。筛选了由3种定域体,7种增塑剂组成的213个配方,选定了以四苯硼-5-HT离子缔合物为活性物、磷酸三(2-乙基己基)酯为增塑剂的涂碳PVC膜电极。电极各项性能良好,其线性范围为1.00×10~(-2)～1.58×10~(-5)mol/L,检测下限为4.17×10~(-6)mol/L,斜率为59.7mV/p5-HT。电极寿命超过39天,用混合溶液法测定了体液中可能存在的17种物质的选择性系数。已用该电极测定了牛血小板中的5-HT。     

基于Ag/AgCl丝双涂膜曲马多离子选择电极的研制与应用

以Ag/AgCl丝为基体依次外涂含0.1mol/LKCl的琼脂凝胶膜及含四苯硼 曲马多缔合物的PVC膜,制备了一种双涂膜曲马多离子选择电极。该电极的线性范围为2.5×10-5～1.0×10-2mol/L,斜率为57.3mV/pc,检出限为1.6×10-5mol/L,性能稳定,体积微小,能用于盐酸曲马多制剂的含量测定。     

离子选择性电极测定食品中的硒

以硒的难溶化合物为电活性物质,自行研制了一种测定硒的离子选择性电极。研究表明,该电极对Se2-的线性响应范围为6×10-7～10-4mol/L,工作曲线的斜率为27.3mV(19℃),检出限为3.5×10-7mol/L,电极的选择性比较高,常见离子对测定无明显干扰,可用于食品中硒的测定。     

降低聚氯乙烯膜黄连素选择性电极检出限的新方法

PVC药物选择性电极的检出限主要是由膜中活性物质的溶解和内参比溶液中被测离子在膜中的迁移所决定的。为了减少这两种不利因素的影响 ,采用内参比为含可乐定的氯化钠溶液的可乐定选择性电极测定黄连素。测定的线性范围为 1.0× 10 - 4～ 1.0× 10 - 8mol L ,平均斜率为 5 8.6mV decade ;检出下限为 2 .5×10 - 9mol L ,比已报道的检出下限要低 2～ 3个数量级。电极的选择性明显提高 ,选择性系数的测定更加可靠真实 ,并获得良好的重现性和稳定性。以标准加入法测定回收率 ,结果令人满意。     

聚氯乙烯膜普鲁卡因选择电极的研制与应用

研制了一种以普鲁卡因碘化物与碘化铋形成的缔合物为电活性物质的PVC(聚氯乙烯 )膜普鲁卡因选择电极 ,测定了普鲁卡因注射液的含量 ;电极的线性响应范围1.0×10 -1～6.3×10 -5mol/L,级差电位为45mV/pc ,检出限为3.4×10-5 mol/L ;该电极响应迅速 ,测定结果与药典法相符     

甲硫醇离子选择性电极的研制及其在甲胺磷残留量测定中的应用

本文以甲硫醇银及硫化银为电活性材料制得对甲硫醇离子有选择性响应的固态膜离子选择性电极。在pH为9.3的0.035mol/L Na_2B_4O_7-0.1mol/L NaOH-0.1mol/L Na_2SO_3介质中,电极的线性响应范围为5×10~(-6)～1×10~(-2)mol/L,响应斜率为58mV/pX。蔬菜中甲胺磷的残留量可以用乙酸乙酯或甲醇水溶液提取后,利用其在碱性条件下水解生成甲硫醇离子的特性用本电极测定,检测限2μg/g,设备简单,操作方便。     

新型PVC膜涂丝诺氟沙星选择电极的研制与应用

制备了一种稳定性和重现性均良好的新型PVC膜涂丝诺氟沙星选择电极 ,该电极是以Ag/AgCl丝为基体 ,在其表面先涂一层含Cl-的脲醛树脂 ,然后再涂一层含硅钨酸 -诺氟沙星离子缔合物的PVC膜。采用正交设计法 ,研究了离子缔合物的种类、活性物在膜中的含量及增塑剂3因素对电极的影响。电极的线性范围为7.9×10 -5～1.0×10 -2mol·L -1 ,检出限为2.5×10 -5mol·L -1,斜率为35.7mV/decade(30℃) ,可直接用于诺氟沙星胶囊的含量测定 ,回收率为99 %～102 % ,结果与中国药典法基本一致。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.