石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定水系沉积物中的铅

本文研究了水系沉积物中各基体元素单独或混合时对铅的干扰,并应用石墨平台在最大功率升温原子化条件下,以磷酸二氢铵为基体改进剂,消除了各种干扰,以标准曲线法进行铅的测定。标准参考样品的分析结果与推荐值相符。     

在线标准加入火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钮扣电池中铅和镉

应用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法测定了钮扣电池中铅和镉的含量,对测定条件作了较详细的研究。用在线双毛细管标准加入法消除了基体的干扰。按所述方法测定电池样品中铅和镉,测定结果的RSD依次为3.58%和5.87%,铅和镉的浓度水平分别为5.4×10-3%和2.3×10-4%(质量分数),回收率结果为93.0%~100.1%(铅)和95.0%~101.0%(镉)。     

导数微分脉冲极谱法同时测定铅和锡

铅（Ⅱ）和锡（Ⅱ）在０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸－０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫氰化钾介质中均有良好的微分脉冲极谱法,但波峰相互重叠,难以用常规的极谱分析法进行两组分同时测定。本文提出以导数法对铅和锡的重叠极谱波进行解析处理,较好地消除了背景电流的影响,并采用零交点法对铅和锡进行了同时测定,方法简便。该法还被应用于实验样品的分析,取得较好结果。     

应用微分电位溶出法测定固体食品中的铅

以0．16moL／LHNO3为底液．预镀汞膜的玻碳电极为工作电极，用微分电位溶出法对固体食品中的铅进行测定，用标准加入法定量。检出限2．5×10－9，变异系数0．7％～5．7％，回收率93％～106％，本法与原子吸收法对比，测定结果无显著性差异．     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定钛矿中微量铅

研究了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定钛矿中微量铅的适宜条件,建立了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定钛矿中微量铅的方法。利用标准加入法和Zeeman效应校正背景,铅的线性范围为0- 70μg·L-1,回收率在90％-110％之间。用此方法对钛矿样品进行测定,结果满意。     

火试金重量法直接测定铅精矿及其它含铅物料中的银

系统研究了火试金重量法直接测定铅精矿、铅矿石、铅合金和含铅物料中银含量的条件,将测定结果与国家标准、行业标准方法的测定结果进行比较,并采用铅精矿国家标准物质进行验证。结果表明:测定5~71 200g/t的银含量,相对标准偏差(RSD)和银标准加标回收率分别为0.10%~7.4%和99.10%~99.94%。分析结果与国家标准、行业标准方法测定结果吻合,验证结果与铅精矿国家标准物质认定值一致。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铁基合金中铅量——联合应用FACT技术及标准加入法消除干扰

联合应用随同仪器提供的快速自动曲线拟合技术(FACT)校正软件和标准加入法同时消除了在电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铁基材料中铅含量时的基体干扰和光谱干扰。试验按1常规方法,2标准加入法和3联合应用FACT校正法和标准加入法校正后,用ICP-AES分别测定混合标准溶液中的铅。选用的分析谱线为182,217,220nm。结果表明:按1测得的铅量,由于基体负干扰而偏低;按2所得结果接近已知值,这是由于仪器附带的软件有"Fitted"校正功能,当发生光谱干扰时能自动进行校正;按3所得结果准确性最好。将上述成果应用于铁钉样品分析,测得结果的准确度和精密度均较好,基体干扰和光谱干扰都得到了消除。     

火试金重量法直接测定铅精矿及其它含铅物料中的银

系统研究了火试金重量法直接测定铅精矿、铅矿石、铅合金和含铅物料中银含量的条件,将测定结果与国家标准、行业标准方法的测定结果进行比较,并采用铅精矿国家标准物质进行验证。结果表明:测定5~71 200g/t的银含量,相对标准偏差(RSD)和银标准加标回收率分别为0.10%~7.4%和99.10%~99.94%。分析结果与国家标准、行业标准方法测定结果吻合,验证结果与铅精矿国家标准物质认定值一致。     

单扫描示波极谱法测定中草药中铅和镉

以盐酸-碘化钾-酒石酸钾钠-抗坏血酸-聚乙二醇-400为底液,用二阶导数示波极谱法连续测定中草药中铅和镉.铅的回归方程为Iy=4 292Cx 46.78,质量浓度在0.004～0.50 mg·L-1范围呈线性关系,相关系数为0.998 0;镉的回归方程为Iy=6 833Cx 2.344,质量浓度在0.003～0.40 mg·L-1范围呈线性关系,相关系数为0.999 4.对不同浓度的样品进行了7次平行测定,铅、镉的相对标准偏差分别为1.1%～4.5%和1.6%～4.1%,回收率分别为94.0%～100.5%和97.0%～103.0%.分析了5种中草药样品与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的结果一致.     

等离子体原子发射光谱法测定大气散源中的铅和镉

铅和镉是可在人体和动物组织中积蓄的有毒金属。采矿、冶金、垃圾处理、机动车尾气以及化工生产均会向大气中排放出铅和镉。铅和镉的分析方法很多，有石墨炉原子吸收法、双硫腙分光光度法、阳极溶出伏安法和示波极谱法等。用等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP）法进行检测快速、简便，灵敏度高，能同时分析多种元素。笔者对大气中的铅和镉用过氯乙烯滤膜采集后用硝酸和双氧水进行微波消解，用全谱直读等离子体发射光谱法测定，该方法尚未见报道。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.