超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中14种氟喹诺酮类抗生素的残留量

采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中的14种氟喹诺酮类抗生素的残留量。饮用水样品经Oasis HLB(200mg/6mL)固相萃取柱富集。柱上的浓集物用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液以Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸乙腈溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式进行质谱检测。14种氟喹诺酮类抗生素均在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.04~1.8ng·L~(-1)之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在69.2%~85.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.5%~11%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中甲硝唑

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中甲硝唑的含量。蜂蜜样品经磷酸氢二钾溶液溶解,乙酸乙酯提取,用MCS固相萃取柱净化。以Hypersil Gold-C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和乙腈混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。以D4-甲硝唑为内标物。甲硝唑的线性范围为0.5~64.0μg·L~(-1),方法的测定下限(10S/N)为0.15μg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在95.6%~98.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.2%~8.3%之间。     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定壮阳类保健品中非法添加物

采用液相色谱-高分辨质谱法检测壮阳类保健品中的5种非法添加物。样品经甲醇超声提取后,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以0.1%(体积分数)乙酸溶液与乙腈组成的混合溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源及全扫描/二级质谱目标离子扫描模式进行测定。5种非法添加物的线性范围为1.0~50μg·L-1,方法测定下限(10S/N)在0.3~0.4μg·L-1之间。对样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在78.0%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.62%~2.3%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中磺胺类及喹诺酮类药物残留量

水产品样品(5.00g)经乙腈-甲酸(99+1)混合液20mL提取,无水乙醇除水,浓缩并加正己烷2mL脱脂。所得溶液进行液相色谱分离。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的甲醇和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析中,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。采用内标法定量。所涉11种药物的线性范围均为5~200μg·L~(-1),方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.07~0.20μg·kg~(-1)之间。在1.0,4.0,20.0μg·kg-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在80.3%~119%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%~12%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物源性食品中35种兽药残留量

提出了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物源性食品中35种兽药残留量的方法。样品经含1%(体积分数)乙酸的乙腈提取,QuEChERS方法净化,所得净化液以Zobax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.1%甲酸(体积分数)溶液和乙腈混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式检测。35种化合物的质量分数均在1~50μg·kg-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.02~1.07μg·kg-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.08~3.58μg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在45.6%~121%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.4%~24%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中4种硝基咪唑类药物

采用高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的甲硝唑、替硝唑、奥硝唑和塞克硝唑。样品经甲醇和0.1mol·L-1盐酸溶液以体积比1比1组成的混合溶液超声提取15min后,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-乙腈-水(7+1+2)混合液为流动相,在检测波长315nm处进行测定。4种硝基咪唑类药物在一定的质量浓度范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法检出限(3S/N)和测定下限(10S/N)分别低于10 mg·kg-1和30 mg·kg-1。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在93.8%~104%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.2%~4.1%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链的方法。样品溶液以乙腈-0.05%(体积分数)甲酸(4+6)溶液作为定容溶剂。以Waters ACQUITY BEH-C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和0.05%甲酸溶液混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链的质量浓度在0.1~2mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.02mg·kg-1。以空白牛奶样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在85.0%~88.6%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于9%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定保健食品中7种非法添加的化学镇静剂

采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定保健食品中7种非法添加的化学镇静剂的含量。保健食品样品以甲醇为溶剂进行提取,经高速离心处理后,取上清液,经Oasis MCX固相萃取柱净化。所得净化液以Zorbax-SB-C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和乙腈混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。7种化合物的质量浓度均在0.10~30.0μg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.1~2.1μg·kg~(-1)之间。在0.30,3.0,10.0μg·L~(-1)等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在76.7%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%~9.8%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中9种β_2-受体激动剂残留量

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了猪肉中9种β-受体激动剂的残留量。样品经β-葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解后加入高氯酸沉淀蛋白并离心,取上清液过PCX阳离子固相萃取小柱净化,用氨水-甲醇(5+95)混合液洗脱,氮气吹干后用乙腈定容至1 mL。以CAPCELL PAK CR色谱柱为分离柱,以10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液-乙腈(55+45)混合溶液(含体积分数为0.1%的甲酸)为流动相进行洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源及选择反应监测模式进行测定,内标法进行定量。9种β-受体激动剂的质量浓度在4.00~100μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.09~0.50μg·L-1之间。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在83.2%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.0%~12%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定甘蔗中10种除草剂的残留量

甘蔗样品(2.00g)用乙腈10.0mL匀质提取,提取液经QuEchERS方法净化。所得净化液进行液相分离,以Hypersil Gold色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的10mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液和乙腈的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源选择反应监测模式检测。10种除草剂的质量浓度均在10~1 000μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在2~10μg·kg~(-1)之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在82.3%~120%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.9%~8.2%之间。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。