微乳电动毛细管色谱法分离检测酱油中的氯丙醇

建立了微乳电动毛细管色谱分离3种氯丙醇的方法。以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为表面活性剂,系统考察了pH值、缓冲溶液类型和浓度、SDS浓度、助表面活性剂浓度、油相浓度、温度和运行电压对3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD),1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(1,3-DCP),2,3-二氯-1-丙醇(2,3-DCP)分离的影响。结果表明,最佳微乳缓冲液为1%(V/V)正庚烷,100 mmol/L SDS,10%(V/V)正丁醇和8 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-硼砂溶液(pH 8.50),检测波长为192 nm,温度20℃,分离电压为15 kV。3种氯丙醇的线性范围为2.0×10-6～3.2×10-5 mol/L,相关系数大于0.996,检出限(S/N=3)为0.95～1.9μmol/L。酱油样品经乙醚液液萃取,萃取平均回收率为93.2%～103.0%,相对标准偏差小于6.5%。本方法应用于实际样品和加标后样品中三氯丙醇的检测,结果满意。     

活性炭固相萃取/胶束电动色谱联用技术用于雷公藤3种有效成分的测定

建立了活性炭固相萃取/胶束电动色谱法同时测定中药雷公藤中的雷公藤甲素、雷公藤内酯酮和雷酚内酯的方法。优化了萃取p H值、乙醇洗脱体积、电泳运行缓冲溶液p H值与浓度、胶束SDS的浓度及进样时间、电压等条件。进行电泳分离之前,分析物用活性炭进行吸附后用2.0 m L乙醇洗脱。在214 nm波长处,分离电压20 k V,20 mmol/L硼酸-10 mmol/L硼砂(p H 8.0)-20 mmol/L SDS运行缓冲溶液条件下,3种成分在8 min内得到完全分离,雷公藤甲素、雷公藤内酯酮在4.0×10-5~4.0×10-3mol/L,雷酚内酯在4.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,其回收率为81.0%~102.9%,方法的检出限分别为1.42×10-6,7.90×10-7,2.96×10-7mol/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.2%,5.4%,3.5%。所建立的方法简单、快速、准确,成功用于雷公藤片样品的测定。     

毛细管电泳分离检测中草药叶下珠中铜钴锌

以甲基百里酚蓝(MTB)为柱前配位剂,建立了毛细管电泳分离检测Cu、Co、Zn的方法。探讨检测波长、缓冲体系、缓冲液浓度、pH值及配位方式等对分离的影响。最佳实验条件为20 mmol/L Na2HPO4-NaOH 2.5×10-4mol/L MTB 60 mmol/L SDS(pH9.50)。线性范围为5.0×10-6mol/L~1.0×10-4mol/L,Cu、Co、Zn的检出限分别为2.0μmol/L、2.0μmol/L和1.0μmol/L。方法应用于经湿法消化处理的叶下珠样品中Cu、Co、Zn的测定,结果满意。     

毛细管电泳分离-激光诱导荧光检测生物胺

采用新合成的6-氧-[(1-琥珀酰亚胺)氧酰甲基]-荧光素乙酯(SOFE)作为柱前衍生试剂,毛细管电泳分离-激光诱导荧光检测了乙醇胺(EOA)、组胺(His)、甲胺(MA)、乙胺(EA)、酪胺(TYR)及苯乙胺(PEA)6种生物胺。在硼酸-硼砂缓冲溶液(pH8.5)中,室温(25℃)下衍生10min。用pH8.5的含25mmol/LSDS15%(V/V)乙腈的40mmol/L硼酸盐溶液作为电泳缓冲溶液,6种衍生物在15min内完全分离,检出限在2.5×10-11～8×10-11mol/L之间。该方法应用于酱油中生物胺的测定,结果令人满意。     

毛细管电泳-间接电化学发光法对茶叶中百草枯农药残留的检测

基于农药百草枯对钌联吡啶-三丙胺(TPA)体系的电化学发光具有显著的抑制作用,建立了毛细管电泳-间接电化学发光检测茶叶中残留农药百草枯的新方法.讨论了初始电位、钌联吡啶和TPA浓度、进样电压、进样时间、运行缓冲溶液的浓度与pH值等条件对百草枯检测灵敏度的影响.确定最佳实验条件为1.20 V初始电压、0.7 mmol/L钌联吡啶、0.6 mmol/L TPA、9 kV进样电压、9 s进样时间、35 mmol/L磷酸盐(pH 8.5)为运行缓冲溶液.在优化实验条件下,百草枯浓度在5×10~(-7) 5×10~(-5)mol/L范围内呈良好线性(相关系数为0.994 5),检出限为9.4×10~(-8) mol/L.对5×10~(-5) mol/L百草枯标准溶液连续测定5次,相对峰高与迁移时间的相对标准偏差分别为3.7%和2.1%.该方法对2.0×10~(-6)、1.0×10~(-5) mol/L百草枯标样的萃取回收率分别为74%和83%,相对标准偏差分别为15%、4.2%(n=5).     

毛细管胶束电动色谱-质谱联用法测定农田水中的氨基甲酸酯类农药的研究

基于月桂酸可以直接进入电喷雾电离源且对氨基甲酸酯类农药在电喷雾电离源的电离强度没有明显的影响,建立了以月桂酸为表面活性剂的毛细管胶束电动色谱-电喷雾质谱联用(MEKC-ESIMS)同时测定7种氨基甲酸酯农药的新方法。在以30 mmol/L月桂酸和120 mmol/L氨水(含12%乙醇(V/V),pH9.5)缓冲溶液作为电解质,30%的异丙醇(V/V)(含2.0 mmol/L的乙酸)作为鞘液的条件下,各组分分离良好;结合固相萃取(SPE),各组分检出限为0.080～0.18μg/L,对农田水样进行测定,回收率为87.2%～93.8%,相对标准偏差为2.9%～8.5%。     

2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)

以2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺(5-Br-PADMA)为螯合剂,Triton X-114为萃取剂,建立了浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定超痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的新方法。研究了溶液pH、螯合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间等因素对浊点萃取的影响。优化条件为:pH=5.0 HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液,0.35 mL 5.0×10-4 mol/L 5-BrPADMA,1.0mL 1.0%Triton X-114,60℃保温15min。方法的线性范围为0.05~4.0ng/mL,检出限为0.017ng/mL,相对标准偏差为3.1%(n=10),富集因子为48。方法用于水样中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的测定,加标回收率在97.0%~102.0%之间。     

聚L-甲硫氨酸修饰电极的制备及对尿酸的测定

在pH9.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,利用循环伏安(CV)法制备了聚L-甲硫氨酸修饰玻碳电极(PLMet/GC/CME)。研究了尿酸(UA)在该电极上的电化学行为,建立了伏安法测定UA的新方法。在pH5.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为200 mV/s,循环扫描电位在-0.3~1.0 V时,UA在PLMet/GC/CME上产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,峰电位位于0.52 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。用CV法、线性扫描伏安(LSV)法和示差脉冲伏安(DPV)法对UA进行测定,测定的线性范围分别为2.50×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L、5.00×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L和8.00×10-7~1.00×10-4mol/L;检出限分别为8.0×10-7mol/L(CV、LSV法)和5.0×10-7mol/L(DPV法)。用LSV法对尿样中的UA进行测定,结果满意。     

几种核苷的毛细管胶束电动色谱分离

在胶束电动色谱模式下,考察了影响核苷分离的缓冲溶液、SDS浓度、pH、表面活性剂、有机添加剂、分离温度及外加电压等重要因素,并优化了关键的分离条件,建立了一种简单快速的利用毛细管胶束电动色谱DAD检测器分离分析核苷的新方法。当缓冲溶液为36 mmol/L硼酸缓冲液(pH 9.0)、30 mmol/L SDS和3%(V/V)乙腈,分离电压为25 kV和分离温度为25℃时,5种核苷在6 m in内实现了令人满意的基线分离。在优化的条件下,对其线性范围、检出限和重现性进行了测定。结果表明,核苷的迁移时间的重现性<1%;面积的重现性<3%。所建立的分离方法的线性范围宽,检出限低,重现性好。     

月桂酸胶束电动毛细管色谱快速分离三嗪类农药的研究

以月桂酸为表面活性剂和三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)组成缓冲溶液,建立了毛细管胶束电动色谱快速测定8种三嗪类农药的方法.对电泳介质的种类及浓度、pH值、操作电压和进样时间等影响因素进行了优化,在以50 mmol/L月桂酸和100 mmol/L Tris作为缓冲溶液(pH 10.0)、体积分数为20%的丙酮作有机改性剂的条件下,可以在2.2 min内实现对嗪草酮、氰草津、西草津、莠去津、扑灭通、莠灭净、扑灭津、特丁净的分离检测.结合固相萃取(SPE)对农田水样进行测定,各农药检出限为0.5～2.5μg/L,回收率为88%～106%,相对标准偏差为3.3%～5.0%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.