用X射线衍射图研究柴油低温流动改进剂的作用

通常,柴油中含有15%～30%的正构烷烃。在低温下,柴油中大分子量的蜡以晶体形式析出,可堵塞导管和滤清器,导致了柴油机供油的困难[1]。柴油在低温下的流动性能不仅关系到柴油机燃料供油系统在低温下能否正常供油,而且与柴油在低温下的储存和运输等作业能否进行有密切的关系。加入低温流动改进剂改善柴油的低温流动性能,以其成本低,操作简便而成为解决柴油低温流动性能的首选方法,并在工业上得到广泛应用[2]。柴油在低温下蜡的析出直至影响其流动性能的过程是一个蜡结晶的过程,由于蜡的组成复杂,其结晶过程也很复杂[3]。用X射线衍射法分…     

柴油对流动改进剂感受性差异的原因表征与分析

柴油对低温流动改进剂具有较高的选择性。流动改进剂对不同的炼油厂、不同原油以及不同的加工工艺炼制的柴油的感受性和降冷滤效果截然不同。主要是由柴油的化学组成决定。一般认为，柴油中正构烷烃的摩尔分数和分布是影响其低温流动改进剂使用效果的主要因素。正构烷烃摩尔分数越低，碳数分布越广，添加低温流动改进剂效果越好；此外，柴油中所含的单环芳烃是高碳数烷烃的优良溶剂，其摩尔分数越高，柴油低温蜡析出量越少，加低温流动改进剂效果越好。     

柴油低温流动性改进剂的研制及性能评价 Ⅰ. 低温流动性改进剂对柴油的感受性

在分析胜利石化总厂 0 #柴油和齐鲁石化 0 #柴油的烃族组成、蜡碳分布的基础上 ,进行分子设计 ,研制出一种柴油低温流动性改进剂。它主要由具有一定粘度的三元共聚物组成。实验结果表明 ,这种柴油低温流动性改进剂能十分有效地提高胜利石化总厂 0 #柴油的低温使用性能 ,而胜利石化 0 #柴油对目前国内外其它低温流动性改进剂的感受性较差。     

柴油低温流动性改进剂的研制及性能评价：Ⅰ. 低温流动性改进？…

在分析胜利石化总厂０＃柴油和齐鲁石化０＃柴油的烃族组成、蜡碳分布的基础上,进行分子设计,研制出一种柴油低温流动性改进剂。它主要由具有一定粘度的三元共聚物组成,实验表明,这种柴油低温流动性改进剂能十分有效地提高胜利石化总厂０＃柴油的低温使用性能,而胜利石化０＃柴油对目前国内外其它低温流动性改进剂的感受性较差。     

生物柴油调合对其低温流动性能的改善

为了了解生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯组成对其低温流动性能的影响,探索改善其流动性能的方法,以大豆油、花生油和牛油为原料合成了大豆油甲酯、花生油甲酯和牛油甲酯,测定了它们的脂肪酸甲酯组成和低温流动性能.结果表明,长碳链饱和脂肪酸甲酯的含量是影响生物柴油低温流动性能的主要因素.通过对混合生物柴油流动性能的测定,发现可以通过不同来源...     

EVA流动改进剂的分子量及分子量分布对大庆原油流变性的影响

研究了两类醋酸乙烯酯（ＶＡ）含量不同的乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）流动改进剂的分子量（Ｍｎ：１０３００～２５８０Ｎ和分子量分布（ｄ：１．４５～３．９）对大庆高蜡原油低温流动行为的影响。实验结果表明，在８０克原油中含有２００ＰＰｍ分子量或分子量分布不同的各种ＥＶＡ流动改进剂都不同程度改善了大庆原油的低温流变性。当改进剂分子量分布相近时，改进剂的改进效果存在某一最佳分子量；当改进剂分子量相近并处于最佳分子量范围内时，则窄分布改进剂的效果比宽分布的改进剂为佳。反之，以宽分布改进剂为宜。     

柴油十六烷值改进剂的理论研究

采用B3LYP/6-311++G**的方法对多种典型的柴油十六烷值(CN)改进剂进行了理论研究。求得硝基芳香族、硝酸酯和过氧化物3类改进剂的键裂解能。计算结果表明硝基萘、硝基苯、硝酸正丁酯和硝酸正戊酯的键裂解能太大,改进效果不明显。由相同实验条件获得的柴油CN改进值(ΔCN)结合键裂解能分析可知,随着柴油十六烷值改进剂的键裂解能的减小,ΔCN值会变大。因此,键裂解能可作为柴油十六烷值改进剂性能的重要判据。     

复合改性聚丙烯酸酯柴油低温流动改进剂

合成了改性聚丙烯酸高级酯(PADE)和一种新的蜡晶分散剂3,6-氧桥-1,2,3,6-四氢苯-1,2-二甲酸高级酯/酰胺(EBTD),测试了对0#柴油的低温流动性能的改进效果。结果表明,PADE对蜡晶具有较好的分散作用,能有效地降低燕山、大连、辽河0#柴油的冷滤点,冷滤点降幅为7~10℃;对大庆0#柴油的感受性也较显著,与EBTD复合有增效作用,二者复配后能较好的改善大庆0#柴油的低温流动性能,可以使大庆0#柴油冷滤点降低7~8℃。     

大豆油生物柴油低温流动性能影响的研究

以大豆油为原料采用碱催化酯交换法合成生物柴油，测定了其酸值、游离甘油、总甘油、灰分、黏度和磷含量等指标。实验表明,共存的甲醇、水分和甘油酯对生物柴油的低温流动性能影响极少，饱和脂肪酸甲酯的同时析出对生物柴油低温流动性能起关键作用。考察了5种柴油降凝剂、0号和20号柴油以及乙醇对生物柴油低温流动性能的影响。0号柴油有效地改善生物柴油黏度，但对其低温流动性能影响不大。20号柴油和乙醇能显著降低生物柴油的凝点、倾点、冷滤点和黏度。其中3种降凝剂有效降低生物柴油的凝点和倾点，1种降凝剂能小幅度改善冷滤点，5种降凝剂都能使生物柴油的黏度小幅上升。     

聚甲氧基二甲醚的合成及工艺技术研究进展

聚甲氧基二甲醚因具有十六烷值高、与柴油互溶性好、含氧量高等优点,与柴油混配后作为柴油燃料可以提高柴油机热效率,大幅降低污染物排放,是很有发展前景的绿色环保柴油添加组分。本文综述了聚甲氧基二甲醚当前研究进展情况,重点介绍了聚甲氧基二甲醚的物化特性及优势、合成方法、反应机理及工艺技术等研究进展,分析了聚甲氧基二甲醚的应用及前景,指出聚甲氧基二甲醚在作为柴油调和组分、溶剂和柴油低温流动性改进剂等方面具有很好的应用前景。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.