丙二腈类衍生物应用及合成研究进展

丙二腈类衍生物在农药方面良好的除草、杀菌、杀虫等生物活性得到了深入研究,在医药、染料等方面的用途也有报道;丙二腈双氰基强吸电子性的特点,导致亚甲基上两个氢都很活泼,容易发生取代、加成、缩合、消去等反应。依据丙二腈氰基α位取代基的结构特点将丙二腈衍生物分三类进行归纳:α位为单键的丙二腈衍生物、α位为双键的丙二腈衍生物、α位为环状结构的丙二腈衍生物,同时介绍了丙二腈类衍生物应用及合成研究进展。     

对-羟基苄叉丙二腈溶液在不同pH条件下吸收光谱的变化

在苄叉丙二腈衍生物系列中,N,N-二烷基氨基苄叉丙二腈及其类似化合物是研究和应用较多的一类。它们曾作为分子探针应用于高分子微环境特性和高分子聚合过程的研究。作为一种分子内的电荷转移络合物,它们在不同溶剂中的光谱行为也进行过研究,从而为进一步的开拓应用提供了重要依据。和前者相比,对-羟基苄叉丙二腈无论在基础研究或实际应用上都显得比较薄弱。正因如此,本工作合成了该化合物并对它进行了初步研     

铜(I)催化条件下酮肟衍生物与苄烯丙二腈的环化反应构建2-氨基吡啶

研究了铜催化条件下,酮肟的衍生物与苄烯丙二腈的环化反应,考察不同的催化剂、溶剂、添加剂等对反应的影响,成功的构建了一系列的2-氨基吡啶骨架化合物. 并对苯乙酮肟以及苄烯丙二腈芳环上不同位置具有不同性质取代基的底物进行了拓展,以31%～81%的收率分离得到相应的目标产物,反应具有较好的底物普适性.     

KF/Al203催化下由芳醛、丙二腈和2-(1,2-二氢-3-亚茚基)丙二腈或2-(2,3-二氢-4H-亚萘基)丙二腈-步合成芴或菲衍生物

以芳醛、丙二腈、2-(1,2-二氢-3-亚茚基)丙二腈或2-(2,3-二氢-4H-亚萘基)丙二腈为原料,乙醇为溶剂,在80℃下以KF/Al2O3为催化剂合成了一系列芴或菲的衍生物,该方法具有反应条件温和,产率高(72%～88%)和操作简单等优点.产物的结构通过IR,1H NMR和元素分析表征.     

KF/Al2O3催化下由芳醛、丙二腈和2-(1,2-二氢-3-亚茚基)丙二腈或2-(2,3-二氢-4H-亚萘基)丙二腈一步合成芴或菲衍生物

以芳醛、丙二腈、2-(1,2-二氢-3-亚茚基)丙二腈或2-(2,3-二氢-4H-亚萘基)丙二腈为原料, 乙醇为溶剂, 在80 ℃下以KF/Al2O3为催化剂合成了一系列芴或菲的衍生物, 该方法具有反应条件温和、产率高(72%～88%)和操作简单等优点. 产物的结构通过IR, 1H NMR和元素分析表征.     

鲁米诺-H2O2体系化学发光对邻氯代苯亚甲基丙二腈和丙二腈的研究

基于鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系对邻氯代苯亚甲基丙二腈(CS)和丙二腈的化学发光的检测,考察了其反应动力学曲线,详细研究了pH值,鲁米诺浓度,过氧化氢浓度,本底信号的稳定性对化学发光强度的影响.CS的检测线性范围为10-2～10-5mol/L,绝对检测限为1.1ng(S/N=3/1).丙二腈的检测线性范围为10-3～10-6mol/L,绝对检测限为0.5ng(S/N=3/1).建立了鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系对液相化学发光对CS和丙二腈的分析方法,对CS的沙土样品进行测定,结果令人满意.     

新型螺{二氢吲哚-3,2'-[1,3,4]噁二唑}-2-酮类似物的合成

靛红及其衍生物与丙二腈缩合得中间体2-(2-氧代吲哚-3-叉基)丙二腈及其衍生物(2l~2t);苯甲酸及其衍生物与水合肼缩合得苯甲酰肼及其衍生物(4a~4l);2和4分别经环合反应合成了20个螺{二氢吲哚-3,2'-[1,3,4]噁二唑}-2-酮类似物(5a~5t),其中5b~5t为新化合物,其结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS表征。     

基于芳叉丙二腈的高活性迈克尔系统的吸湿反应及荧光性质

建立了一个基于芳叉丙二腈的高活性迈克尔系统2,2′-[(5-叔丁基-2-羟基-1,3-苯撑)二甲川]双丙二腈(1), 能迅速吸收空气中的水, 生成稳定的氧杂迈克尔加成产物2-[5-叔丁基-3?(2,2-二腈基?1-羟乙基)-2-羟基苄叉]丙二腈(2). 在二甲亚砜(DMSO)中, 各种碱性催化剂都能使化合物2脱水生成化合物1, 同时发射红色强荧光. 在PBS缓冲溶液(pH=10)中, 化合物2立即脱水生成化合物1, 随后又缓慢加水转变为化合物2. 加热吸附在硅胶上的化合物2的荧光由蓝色变为红色, 温度降低后荧光又恢复为蓝色. 因此, 吸附了化合物2的硅胶可能发展成为一种热敏荧光材料. 此外, 吸附了化合物1的硅胶还对某些有机蒸汽具有荧光响应.     

反,反-2-氨基-1,3,3-三氰基-5-硝基-4,6-二对甲苯基环己烯的合成和晶体结构

标题化合物C23H19O2N5 (Mr=397.44)是由对甲苯基亚甲基丙二腈与硝基甲烷在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中反应而得。结构通过单晶X-射线衍射分析确定,其晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群P21/a,a=12.712(2),b=13.071(4),c=13.368(2),b=106.37(1), V=2131.2(8)?,Dc=1.239g/cm3, Z=4, m (MoKa)=0.82cm-1, F(000)=832。R=0.056。结构显示六员环上的对甲苯基与硝基处于反式,说明该加成反应具有立体选择性。     

γ-Al2O3催化2,2′－二氨基联苄合成亚氨基二苄

亚氨基二苄及其衍生物是重要的药物合成中间体, 文献中报道的最高理论收率可达92%. 我们选γ-Al_2O_3为2, 2′-二氨基联苄脱氨催化剂, 在水蒸气气氛中进行脱氨反应, 亚氨基二苄最高收率可达100%. 该催化剂比以往催化剂简单, 价廉, 连续使用720小时后可活化再生, 非常适合于亚氨基二苄的工业化生产.     

Hybrid polymeric iodoplumbates constructed from morpholine and its derivatives: structures and properties

Three hybrid polymeric iodoplumbates constructed from morpholine and its derivatives, {(Pb(4)I(15))[(Mph·H)(3)(Mph·1.5H)(2)]}(n)(1), {(edm-H(2))(Pb(3)I(8))]·2DMF}(n)(2), {(edm-H(2))[(dmp)(Pb(4)I(12))]˙2DMF}(n) (3) (Mph = morpholine, edm = ethylenedimorpholine, dmp(2+) = N,N'- dispiromorpholinopiperazonium) have been synthesized and structurally determined. In these compounds, morpholine and its derivatives weakly interact with or covalently bond to polymeric iodoplumbates. In 1, hydrogen bonds between (Pb(4)I(15))(7-) clusters and protonized Mph contribute to the formation of a 1-D hybrid chain. In 2, the 1-D [(Pb(3)I(8))](n)(2n-) chain is extended to be a 2-D layer via the edm(2+) ligand by means of Pb-O covalent bonds. Interestingly, the 2-D [(Pb(4)I(12))](n)(4n-) inorganic layer in 3 is concertedly templated by two kinds of organic cations. The above compounds exhibit a semiconductor nature, and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) activities can be detected in 1 and 3.     

The crystallographic structure of the photooxidized product of hypocrellin A and the study of the photodynamic action mechanism

In attempting to study the phototherapeutic action and the photosensitized oxygenation mechanism, we have determined the crystal structure of the main oxidized product of hypocrellin A (HA). It was crystallized in monoclinic system with space group P2(1). The cell data are: a = 10.030(3), b = 8.877(3), c = 15.764(5)A, beta = 104.50(2) degrees, Z = 2. The crystal structure has been determined by direct method and refined to a final R of 0.055 based on the 1408 observed reflections with I greater than 2.5 sigma (I). The photooxidized product is composed of a heptacyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon connecting with two alpha-naphthoquinone derivatives as its skeletal molecule. No peroxidic linkage has been found. On the basis of the crystal structure determined, we have deduced part of the process of formation of the oxide, i. e. firstly, the peroxide was formed by photocycloaddition of oxygen molecule to Hypocrellin A, then thermodissociation took place to form a stable oxide.     

Metal Ion-Driven Constitutional Adaptation in Dynamic Covalent C=C/C=N Organo-Metathesis

Knoevenagel barbiturate derivatives and imines are able to undergo efficient component recombination through dynamic covalent C=C/C=N organo-metathesis in absence of a catalyst. A [2×2] dynamic covalent library (DCL) containing two Knoevenagel derivatives Kn1 and Kn2 and two imines A1 and A2 has been established and its adaptive features in response to the addition of metal cations have been investigated. Addition of Cu(I) triflate as an effector, induces fast and remarkable constitutional selection of the DCL towards amplification of the Cu(I)- A2 complex and its agonist Kn1 . This adaptation process could be reversed by addition of neocuproine as a competitive Cu(I) ligand. Furthermore, separate addition of five other metal cations as input agents, i. e. Ag(I), Fe(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Li(I), led to the generation of cation-specific distribution patterns as outputs, showing the ability of the present DCL to recognize different effectors.     

青蒿素及其衍生物的圆二色谱研究

本文通过对青蒿素及其16个衍生物的圆二色谱研究, 首交次确定了青蒿素衍衍生物8、9和17的过氧键的圆二色谱的λ~max和它的△s值。并对青蒿素衍生物的圆二色谱出现类似旋光谱中的“背景曲线”的异常现象作了探讨。     

Circular dichroism, optical rotation and absolute configuration of 2-cyclohexenone-cis-diol type phenol metabolites: redefining the role of substituents and 2-cyclohexenone conformation in electronic circular dichroism spectra

The absolute configurations of 2-cyclohexenone cis-diol metabolites resulting from the biotransformation of the corresponding phenols have been determined by comparison of their experimental and calculated circular dichroism spectra (TDDFT at the PCM/B2LYP/Aug-cc-pVTZ level), optical rotations (calculated at the PCM/B3LYP/Aug-cc-pVTZ level) and by stereochemical correlation. It is found that circular dichroism spectra and optical rotations of 2-cyclohexenone derivatives are strongly dependent on the ring conformation (M or P sofa S(5) or half-chair), enone non-planarity and the nature and positions of the hydroxy and alkyl substituents. The effect of non-planarity of the enone chromophore, including the distortion of the C=C bond, is determined for the model structures by TDDFT calculations at the PCM/B2LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level. Non-planarity of the C=C bond in the enone chromophore is commonly encountered in 2-cyclohexenone derivatives and it is a source of significant rotatory strength contribution to the electronic circular dichroism spectra. It is shown that the two lowest-energy transitions in acrolein and 2-cyclohexenone and its derivatives are n(C=O)-π(C=O)* and π(C=C)-π(C=O)*, as expected, while the shorter-wavelength (below 200 nm) transitions are of more complex nature. In 2-cyclohexenone and its alkyl derivatives it is predominantly a mixture of π(C=C)-π(C=C)* and π(C=C)-σ* transitions, whereas the presence of hydroxy substituent results in a dominant contribution due to the n(OH)-π(C=O)* transition. A generalized model for correlation of the CD spectra of 2-cyclohexenones with their structures is presented.     

Absorption spectra of 9-nitroacridine, 6-nitroacrid -9 -one,and their methoxy derivatives

The UV spectra of 6-nitroacridine (I), its 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-methoxy derivatives (Ia-d), of 6-nitroacrid9-one (II) and its analogous methoxy derivatives (IIa-d) are investigated in natural and acid solvents, and also in 2 M sodium ethoxide solution, and the IR spectra of II and IIa-d are also investigated.OMe position: a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4.Specimens of IIIb and IIId (respective mps 314°–315° and 222°–223° C), were kindly supplied to us by N. N. Dykhanov and V. I. Kikhteva for investigation of their UV spectra. We also obtained compound IIIb (mp 314°–315° ex aqueous dimethylformamide) by the method used for IIIc.     

2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(对-硝基苯基)丁二酸二乙酯的分子结构和晶体结构

我们曾报导了2,3-二氰基-2,3-二苯基丁二酸二乙酯的分子结构,并对该化合物对烯烃单体进行自由基聚合的引发作用,热分解动力学和固态变温ESR谱等进行了研究。为了进一步探讨这类新型引发剂的结构与性能间的关系,我们继续用X射线衍射方法研究了2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(对-硝基苯基)丁二酸二乙酯的两种异构体1和2的分子结构和晶体结构。并讨论了分子中空间立体效应和电子效应对该化合物稳定性的影响。实验异构体1从乙酸乙酯和四氯化碳(9∶1,V/V)混合溶剂中重结晶,在空气中基本稳定。     

六核钴羰基簇的P(OC_2H_5)_3取代衍生物的合成、表征与结构

用P(OC_2H_5)_3与母体簇Co_6(μ_6-P)(μ-SCH_2CH_2CH_2S)(μ- PSCH_2CH_2CH_2S)(CO)_(12)进行取代反应得到一个二取代产物Co_6(μ_6-P)(μ- SCH_2CH_2CH_2S)(μ-PSCH_2CH_2CH_2S)(μ-CO)(CO)_9[P(OC_2H_5)_2]_2（I）, 同时还得到了两个一取代产物Co_6(μ_6-P)(μ-SCH_2CH_2CH_2S)(μ- PSCH_2CH_2CH_2S)(CO)_(11)[P(OC_2H_5)_3]（II a和II b,II b是II a的一个同 分异构体,其谱学数据与II a不同）。对合成的三个簇合物进行了元素分析、IR、 ~1H NMR、~(31)P NMR和MS谱学表征,对I做了X射线单晶衍射测定,其晶体属于单 斜晶系,P2_1/n空间群,晶胞参数：a = 1.1170(2) nm,b = 2.3554(5) nm,c = 1.7977(4) nm,β = 99.50(3)°,V = 4.6649(17) nm~3,Z = 4,D_c = 1.763 g/cm~3,F(000) = 2488,μ = 24.64 cm~(-1)。X射线晶体结构分析表明,取代 位置发生在簇合物顶端的两个钴原子上。晶体结构用直接法解出,经用全矩阵最小 二乘法对原子参数进行修正,最后的偏离因子为R_1 = 0.0497,wR_2 = 0.1386。     

X-ray study of the hetero ring flexibility in trans-5,6- trimethylene- and tetramethylene-5,6-dihydro 2-phenyl-[4H]-1,3-thiazines

The structures to two 1,3-thiazine derivatives differing only in the number of CH₂ groups in their trans fused hydrocarbon ring (_n = 3 for I and n = 4 for II) have been established by X-ray crystallography from diffractometer data. Crystals of I (trans-5,6- trimethylene-5,6-dihydro-2-phenyl-[4H] - 1,3-thiazine) are triclinic, space group P with a = 7.661(1), b = 8.282(1), c = 9.566(2) Å, = 91.75(1), β = 100.72(1), γ = 105.45(1)° Z = 2, D_c = 1.260 g cm^-3. Crystals of II (trans-5,6-tetramethylene-5,6-dihydro-2-phenyl [4H]-1,3-thiazine) are monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 7.914(2), b = 19.362(13), c = 8.440(1) Å, β = 109.16(2)°C Z = 4, D_c = 1.258 g cm^-3. The structures determined by Patterson (I) and direct (II) methods were refined to R = 0.050 for 1330 reflections of I and R = 0.082 for 1012 reflections of II. The proper treatment of the positional disorder of the carbon atoms (C(5) and C(6)) forming the trans ring junction in I discovered two discrete conformations with a ratio of 1:2. The opposite chirality of atoms C(51) and C(52), and C(61) and C(62), indicates a simultaneous configurational disorder with a pattern of total disorder: A A . The puckering parameters of the hetero rings in the same enantiomers of molecules IA, IB and II indicate a connection between the conformers: ⁵E(II)→⁵H₆(IB)→E₆IA) via pseudorotation. Their relationship is discussed and compared with the conformational freedom of the analogous 1,3-oxazine derivatives.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of luminescent trinuclear gold(I) complexes with dithiocarbamates

We have synthesized a series of trinuclear gold(I) complexes, namely, [Au3(mu-dpmp)(S2CNR2)nCl3-n] (n = 0-3; R = Me, CH2Ph), [Au3(mu-dpmp)(mu-S2CNR2)Cl](CF3SO3) (R = Me, CH2Ph), and [Au3(mu-dpmp)(mu-S2CNMe2)(C6F5)]X (X = Cl, CF3SO3), containing the triphosphine dpmp [bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphine] and varying amounts of dithiocarbamate. NMR experiments show fluxional behavior in solution for most of these derivatives because several arrangements of the ligands are possible. The crystal structure of [(mu-dpmp)(AuCl)3] has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies; the molecule displays mirror symmetry and involves an angular arrangement of the gold atoms [Au-Au-Au 119.603(14) degrees, Au-Au 3.3709(4) A]. We have studied the optical properties of these derivatives in the solid state, finding a red shift as a function of the dithiocarbamate number and, for some derivatives, wavelength-dependent emission spectra at low temperature.