正铌酸镧(LaNbO4)及其掺杂粉体的发光特性

采用化学共沉淀法和高温固相法合成制备得到纯的和掺杂Tb的LaNbO4超细粉体, 并对其发光性能进行了激发和发射光谱分析.测试表明, LaNbO4可被汞线激发, 发射波长处于蓝紫光区; 相比高温固相法, 化学共沉淀法制备的LaNbO4粉末相对发光强度增加3～4倍;Tb的掺杂使(La, Tb)NbO4粉体在汞线激发下发出黄绿色光, (La, Tb)NbO4的基质络离子NbO6发生淬灭, 并对有关机制进行了讨论.     

正铌酸镧(LaNbO4)及其掺杂粉体的发光特性

采用化学共沉淀法和高温固相法合成制备得到纯的和掺杂Tb的LaNbO4超细粉体, 并对其发光性能进行了激发和发射光谱分析.测试表明, LaNbO4可被汞线激发, 发射波长处于蓝紫光区; 相比高温固相法, 化学共沉淀法制备的LaNbO4粉末相对发光强度增加3～4倍;Tb的掺杂使(La, Tb)NbO4粉体在汞线激发下发出黄绿色光, (La, Tb)NbO4的基质络离子NbO6发生淬灭, 并对有关机制进行了讨论.     

绿色荧光体CaSe2O4:Ce3+的共沉淀合成与表征

以草酸为沉淀剂,用共沉淀法合成前驱体粉末,然后将前驱体粉末在5%H2+95%N2的还原气氛下煅烧,得到发光性能良好的CaSe2O4:Ce3+荧光粉.应用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、荧光光谱(FS)、综合热分析(TC-DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段对前驱物及煅烧后的粉体进行表征.结果表明:烧结温度于800℃以上时,都町以得到正交结构的纯相CaSc2O4:Ce3+荧光体;其最大激发和发射波长分别在450和510 nm,与高温固相法所得产品的发射波长相同.荧光粉优化的合成条件为:Ce3+的最件掺杂浓度为1%(摩尔分数),最佳煅烧条件为1100℃煅烧6 h.最佳煅烧温度较传统的高温固相法(1600℃)低了约500℃,所得产品的发光强度接近高温固相法的产品.     

Yb(OTf)3催化下用研磨法合成喹喔啉-2,3-二酮衍生物

将邻苯二胺衍生物、草酸以及催化剂Yb(Otf)3置于研钵中, 不加任何溶剂, 在室温下进行固相研磨, 以较高的产率得到产物喹喔啉-2, 3-二酮衍生物. 该法反应条件温和, 操作简便, 且对环境友好.     

一种新的低温固相法选择性制备单斜相钒酸铋

以Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O和NH₄VO₃为原料,采用一种新的低温固相法,通过控制研磨时间选择性制备高质量的单斜相BiVO₄。并采用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)技术对产物进行分析表征。同时,实验结果表明研磨时间、干燥时间和水含量对单斜相BiVO₄的形成有很重要的作用。该方法具有合成温度较低,能耗较少,工艺简单,操作简便,环境友好等优点。最后,对低温固相法的机理进行了初步的探讨。     

低温固相法制备聚丙烯酸-铕配合物及其荧光性质的研究

研究了用低温固相研磨法一步合成聚丙烯酸(PAA)-铕配位聚合物的反应条件,并对其作用机制进行了分析.通过红外光谱、元素分析和热重-差热分析方法证明了铕与聚丙烯酸形成配合物.结果表明,在低温下固相反应可以进行.产物是一种难溶型化合物,通过荧光光谱表明具有荧光特性.     

L-聚乳酸固相缩聚的工艺研究

以L-乳酸单体为原料,采用复合催化剂通过直接熔融法合成低聚左旋聚乳酸(PLLA),然后分段控温进行固相缩聚(SSP).对固相缩聚的工艺条件进行了详细的研究.采用粘度法和凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)对固相缩聚产物PLLA的特性粘数([η])和分子量进行了表征.用差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了固相缩聚产物的熔融行为和结晶度.结果...     

非原位拉曼光谱区分富锂层状氧化物的集成结构:一种预测Li2MnO3活化程度的有效方法

采用5种方法,即溶胶-凝胶法、高温固相法、共沉淀法、水热法和溶剂热法合成了富锂材料Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.6)Ni_(0.2)O_2。拉曼光谱研究发现共沉淀法制备的样品是固溶体结构,而其他4个样品是以不同尺度共生形成的复合物结构。电化学性能测试结果表明这5个富锂材料性能存在明显差异,尤其是在首次充电过程中5个样品位于4.5 V以上由Li_2MnO_3组分活化所贡献的容量明显不同,共沉淀法制备的具有固溶体结构的样品中由Li_2MnO_3组分活化贡献的容量最多。由此我们建立起电化学性能与两相集成方式的联系,不同的集成方式使得Li_2MnO_3组分活化所贡献的容量不同,进而影响了最终的电化学性能。     

无溶剂固相研磨法合成乙酰丙酮铝

以无机铝盐、乙酰丙酮(Hacac)为原料,固体碱为反应促进剂,室温下固相研磨合成了乙酰丙酮铝.考察了碱的用量及种类、物料摩尔比、研磨时间对产率的影响,并和经典方法作了对比,固相研磨法产率较高(90%以上).目标产物用红外、热重进行了表征,结果与标准谱图一致.最佳工艺条件为n(A l3+)∶n(Hacac)=10∶40,固体碱适量,室温研磨1 h.     

亚微米级Y3Al5O12:Ce3+荧光粉的共沉淀法合成、表征及光致发光

以金属硝酸盐为原料,使用NH3·H2O-NH4HCO3混合沉淀剂,开展了以反滴化学共沉淀方式和两步煅烧法合成掺铈的钇铝石榴石(Y3Al5O12Ce3+)黄色荧光粉研究.采用DTA-TGA和XRD研究共沉淀法制备的前驱体粉末热分解与钇铝石榴石晶相形成过程,通过荧光光谱和SEM研究荧光粉光致发光及添加剂对其发光和形貌影响规律.结果表明,采用化学共沉淀法合成温度比传统高温固相法降低300 ℃以上;荧光粉粒径0.3～1 μm,颗粒规则呈类球状;468 nm激发下荧光粉发射峰为532 nm;煅烧阶段添加氟化物,可使荧光粉的发射强度等发光特性明显提高,对控制Y3Al5O12Ce3+荧光粉的形貌有显著作用;与蓝光LED芯片封装后形成的白光LED色温Tc为5571 K,光效率为45 lm·W-1,显色指数Ra为79.9,色坐标为(0.3308,0.3476).     

Elucidation of solid-state complexation in ground mixtures of cholic acid and guest compounds

The solid-state complexation between cholic acid (CA) and either methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (MPB) or ibuprofen (IBP) was investigated. Powder X-ray diffractometry, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis suggested the complex formation between CA and MPB as well as between CA and IBP by co-grinding method. The stoichiometry of CA-MPB was 1 : 1 while that of CA-IBP was 2 : 1, reflecting the effect of guest size on complex formation. The guest compounds were assumed to be included in the channel of complexes formed by hydrogen bonds among CA molecules.     

Spectroscopic studies on the inclusion behavior between caffenic acid and ��-cyclodextrin

To investigate the inclusion ability of ??-cyclodextrin (??-CD) for caffenic acid (CA). The conditions for the formation of inclusion complex and the binding constant between ??-CD and CA were determined by fluorescent and ultraviolet spectroscopic methods. The behavior of CA as a free radical scavenger before and after its inclusion was investigated. In addition, solid samples of the inclusion complex, prepared through the co-precipitation and grinding methods, were characterized via IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The inclusion complex was further characterized with ¹H NMR spectroscopy. By using fluorescent and ultraviolet spectroscopy, the conditions for the formation of inclusion complex between ??-CD and CA were optimized and the binding constant determined. It was observed that the guest molecule behaves as a better anti-oxidant after its inclusion into ??-CD.     

Specific inclusion mode of guest compounds in the amylose complex analyzed by solid state NMR spectroscopy

The inclusion compound formation between linear amylose of molecular weight 102500 (AS100) and p-aminobenzoic acid (PA) during the sealed-heating process was investigated by powder X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and solid state NMR spectroscopy. Sealed-heating of AS100 and PA at 100 degrees C for 6 h provided an inclusion compound with 6(1)-helix structure, while a 7(1)-helix structure was found when sealed-heating was carried out at 150 degrees C for 1 h. The formation of an inclusion compound was not observed when sealed-heating was performed at 50 degrees C for 6 h. The 7(1)-helix inclusion compound maintained its structure even during storage at high temperature while the 6(1)-helix inclusion compound decomposed and returned to the original V(a)-amylose upon heating to 180 degrees C. Quantitative determination revealed that one PA molecule could be included per one helical turn of AS100 for both 6(1)-helix and 7(1)-helix inclusion compounds. Solid state NMR spectroscopy suggested that PA molecules were included in the amylose helix core in the 7(1)-helix inclusion compound, while in the case of 6(1)-helix inclusion compound, PA molecules were accommodated in the interstices between amylose helices. Moreover, the inclusion compound formation by sealed-heating of AS100 was also observed when using PA analogues as guest compounds. The binding ratio of AS100 and PA analogues varied depending on the size of guest molecules.     

Preparation and characterization of inclusion complexes containing fixolide, a synthetic musk fragrance and cyclodextrins

AHTN (7-Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene), commercially known as fixolide or tonalide, is a synthetic fragrance widely used in replace of natural musk odor which is more expensive. It is a popular fragrance material added in the manufacturing of personal care and household products, such as perfumes, soaps, shampoos, detergents, and fabric softeners. AHTN is semivolatile and is degraded under light exposure and high temperature. This work focuses on the complexation of AHTN with cyclodextrins in the effort to stabilize the fragrance material. AHTN was complexed with β-cyclodextrin, methyl (MβCD), and hydroxypropyl (HPβCD) derivatives in the mole ratio 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 guest:host, and the complexes formed by physical mixing, co-precipitation, kneading, and freeze-drying were analyzed by DSC and FTIR. Percent AHTN included in the complex was also determined by hexane extraction and GC analysis. It was found that no inclusion complex was formed in the physical mixture. When co-precipitation method was performed, only βCD could form inclusion complex with AHTN, while the other two derivatives could not. Using 1:2 AHTN:βCD, no free AHTN was left in the complex as evidenced by DSC and FTIR spectrum. In kneading and freeze-drying methods, complexes could be formed with all CDs tested. However, co-precipitation method with 1:2 AHTN:βCD and kneading method with 1:2 AHTN:MβCD provided the highest complex yield with highest amount of AHTN included in the complex. AHTN in the complex form was more stable against high temperature and UV exposure than its free form.     

Novel channel structure of bile acid-guest inclusion complex formed between ursodeoxycholic acid and phenanthrene

The crystal structure of inclusion complex between ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and phenanthrene has been determined. UDCA molecules formed hydrogen bond network to provide the channel structure along b axis, and phenanthrene molecules were accommodated in the cavity with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 molar ratio. The channel structure observed in the UDCA-phenanthrene complex was significantly different from that of inclusion complex previously reported for deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA). Because of the mesh-like hydrogen bond network, channel framework of UDCA could have less flexibility than that of DCA and CA. The difference of molecular state of phenanthrene was clearly observed in solid-state fluorescence measurement.     

Interaction between Cycloamylose and Various Drugs

Cycloamylose (CA), has a cyclic structure like cyclodextrin (CD), but has a very large number of molecules, and its physical properties are still unclear. The CA used in this study was supplied by Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd, and was a mixture (mean molecular weight 7720). Predonisolone, cholesterol, digoxin, digitoxin and nitroglycerin were chosen as guest molecules. We evaluated the interaction between CA and the guest molecules using the solubility method described by Higuchi and Connors. The concentration of each dissolved guest molecule was determined by HPLC. This solubility method was performed at a temperature of 5 °C. The phase solubility diagrams of drugs with CA showed type A or type B profiles. Cholesterol, digoxin, digitoxin and predonisolone formed a complex with CA, but nitroglycerin did not.     

Mechanochemical Complexation between Deoxycholic Acid and Salicylic Acid

A complex between deoxycholic acid (DCA) and salicylic acid (SA) was prepared by grinding and coprecipitation methods. The resultant complex was characterized by means of powder X-ray diffractometry, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The stoichiometry (DCA : SA 1 : 1) of the complex obtained by grinding was identical to that obtained by coprecipitation. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the DCA–SA complex differed from the typical pattern of DCA–guest complexes such as DCA–camphor and DCA–phenanthrene complexes. IR spectra suggested that a different kind of hydrogen bonding was formed in the crystal of the DCA–SA complex, compared with the other DCA–guest complexes. This was in good agreement with data from the crystal structure.     

Importance of packing coefficients of host cavities in the isomerization of open host frameworks: guest-size-dependent isomerization in cholic acid inclusion crystals with monosubstituted benzenes

The crystal structures of inclusion compounds of cholic acid (CA) with 28 monosubstituted benzenes have been systematically investigated. All of the crystals belong to the monoclinic space group P2(1) and have bilayer structures with one-dimensional molecular channels that can include guest compounds. They are classified into four types of host frameworks that depend on the conformations and stacking modes of the host compound. The host frameworks and the host-guest ratios depend primarily on the molecular volumes of the guest compounds. The packing coefficient of the host cavity (PCcavity), which is the volume ratio of the guest compound to the host cavity, is used to clarify the relationship between the guest volume and isomerization of the host frameworks. The value of PCcavity, for stable inclusion compounds lies in the range of 55-70%. Compounds out of this range induce isomerization of the host frameworks. The packing coefficients of other host-guest compounds, in which the guest components are included in the host cavities through steric dimensions and van der Waals forces, are also in this range. These results indicate that PCcavity is a useful parameter correlation for guest recognition and isomerization of the host frameworks.     

X-ray crystallographic studies and molecular calculations on 1∶1 inclusion complexes of cholic acid with acetophenone and its derivatives

Molecular calculations were applied to four channel-type inclusion complexes of cholic acid (CA) with acetophenone or its derivatives (3-, 4-fluoroacetophenone and 2-chloroacetophenone). According to the calculated results, both the total and van der Waals interaction energies between channel and included guests depend on the channel form determined by the guest species. Similarly, the channel form is responsible for the dipole moment of the channel. Further examination of the results suggests that dipole-dipole interaction does not play an important role in the determination of the guest orientation. Supplementary Data relating to this article are deposited with the British Library as Supplementary Publication No. SUP 82193 (26 pages).     

Dependence of selective enclathration on types of cholic acid crystals

Competitive recrystallizations of cholic acid (CA) from 1:1 binary mixtures of seven mono-substituted benzenes are demonstrated. The order of preference for guests to be incorporated into the cholic acid crystals are as follows: benzene, toluene > n-amylbenzene, n-hexylbenzene > ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, n-butylbenzene. These seven compounds afford bilayer type inclusion crystals that are classified into four types based on the host frameworks and host-guest stoichiometries. The order of selective enclathration corresponds to the four types as follows: 1:1 alpha G > 2:1 alpha G > 1:1 beta T or 2:1 alpha T. The preference for the alpha G type was also confirmed by investigating the host frameworks of the crystals obtained from binary mixtures. The dependence of the selectivity on the different types of CA crystals can be understood in terms of the fit of the guest molecule in the host cavity.