将矿物学理论与实验知识引入基础无机化学教学的探讨

矿物学是与无机化学密不可分的兄弟学科之一。无机化学知识的一个重要来源就是人类对矿物的观察与研究,同时元素化学的基础研究也被广泛应用于矿物学。对于矿物的认识可以加深学生对于无机化学理论联系实际的感性和理性认识,并进一步熟悉相关元素的性质。本文从基础无机化学教学的角度整理了矿物学的理论与实验教学要点,并以多种典型矿物为实验对象描述其实验性质,并阐述如何结合矿物实例进行矿物学理论与实验的教学。将矿物学相关内容引入基础无机化学教学,不失为一种交叉学科与基础化学教育相结合的新模式。     

P区元素性质的反常现象

Ｐ区元素性质的反常现象李一贯，曲雅焕，陈艳玲（长春师范学院化学系１３００３２）自１９６９年门捷列夫发现了元素周期律，认识了元素性质的周期性变化以后，无机化学才有了完整的体系。无机化学的教学一直是按周期表的体系进行的。当我们进行无机化学教学或作较深入的...     

无机化学元素部分教学探索——以氯元素为例

通过对无机化学教材知识的整合,绘制自由能变-氧化值图和各物质间转化图,由点到线,由线连网,将氯元素零散的知识点归纳成知识体系,以期学生能更好地掌握元素相关内容,提高教学质量。     

改进元素无机化学教学方法的尝试

元素无机化学是化学专业及相关专业的一门基础课 ,教学对象是大学一年级学生 ,其内容多而杂 ,包括物质的存在与制备、元素通性、化合物性质及反应性等描述性内容 ,还有许多化学反应方程式及众多化学事实 ;看懂不难 ,掌握却不容易。因此 ,曾有人主张从本科教学安排中剔除元素无机化学课程。我们认为 :元素无机化学是基础无机化学的核心内容 ,如果抽掉元素无机化学内容 ,无机化学原理就成了空壳 ;元素无机化学的重要性还在于 :学生在大学阶段的学习中再也不会遇到系统地介绍元素的课程了[1] ,倘若一个化学专业的毕业生欠缺了元素无机化学方面…     

无机化学教学中“课程思政”教育的探索与实践

结合无机化学特点,分析专业课教学中开展"课程思政"存在的问题,讨论如何挖掘无机化学课程所蕴含的思想政治教育元素,探索思想政治教育融入无机化学课程的实践途径,提出在专业课教学过程中,通过典型案例融入思政元素的具体方法,以实现价值引领、能力培养和知识传授的"三位一体"教育目标,培养德才兼备的高素质人才。     

无机化学元素化合物教学中的兴趣培养

针对无机化学元素化合物知识多而杂、难以掌握的特点,沿教学过程的顺序从5个方面探讨了如何激发、培养、强化、增添、发展学生学习兴趣,以期改善元素化合物知识的教学状况,使学生在愉快的氛围中掌握繁琐的知识。     

传统文化蕴含的化学智慧在元素无机化学教学中的有机融入

在讲授元素无机化学时,把中国传统文化中所包含的化学知识、化学智慧有机地融入课堂教学,将元素无机化学讲授与课程思政教学有机融合,从而增加理科课堂的文化性、知识性和趣味性,激发学生的学习兴趣;同时培养学生的文化自信,激发学生的民族自豪感。     

浅谈无机化学原理与教学实例、趣味实验、元素无机化学知识点的结合

针对大一学生初学无机化学时面临的理论联系实际能力不足、学习兴趣和实验操作水平较差、学习元素无机化学重死记硬背、轻理解运用等问题,我们提出在无机化学教学过程中,将无机化学原理内容分别与一些生动、具体的教学实例、趣味化学实验、元素无机化学等紧密结合,可以有效解决学生在学习无机化学时遇到的上述困难。     

大学无机化学与高中化学知识衔接——以原子结构与元素周期表为例

原子结构理论是高中化学和大学无机化学的重要组成部分和学习难点,教学过程中如何较好地衔接高中阶段知识与大学无机化学课程尤为重要。本文以原子结构和元素周期表知识点为例,以2019版高中人教版教材和北师大版的无机化学教材内容讨论高中化学知识与大学化学知识的衔接问题,依据作者的教学实践提出若干建议,为大学无机化学原子结构与元素周期表知识点的教学提供参考,同时帮助大一学生顺利完成知识的衔接过渡和培养学生独立思考、自主学习的能力。     

高中化学与大学无机化学教材知识点的衔接研究*

作为化学教育专业的必修课程,无机化学起到了奠定师范生化学理论基础的重要作用。在衔接高中化学知识的前提下,开展大学无机化学教学有助于构建完整的化学知识教学体系、调动师范生学习的积极性,实现高中到大学无机化学课程学习的顺利过渡。笔者在教学实践、教育实习指导及调研的基础上,以人教版高中化学、北师大版《无机化学》教材内容为例,从教与学的角度探讨了高中化学和大学无机化学教材知识点的衔接情况,形成了部分经验积累和教学建议,为师范类专业认证背景下的无机化学课程教学提供借鉴和参考。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。