人工培养菌种茯苓菌丝体多糖的分离、组成和分子量

由人工培育的茯苓菌种 (5·78号 )在含麸皮的培养液中于 2 5℃培养 1 8天得到茯苓菌丝体 .分别用9g LNaCl水溶液、热水、0 .5mol LNaOH和 88%甲酸从菌丝体中提取 7种多糖依次为 :ab PCM1、ab PCM2 I、ab PCM2 II、ab PCM3 I、ab PCM3 II、ab PCM4 I、ab PCM4 II,并从培养液中提取一种多糖ab PCM0 .红外光谱 (IR)、气相色谱 (GC)和1 3C NMR分析结果表明ab PCM0至ab PCM3 I多糖主要由α (1→ 3 ) D 葡萄糖、α D 甘露糖、β D 半乳糖和乙酰葡萄糖胺组成 ,而且随提取过程进行 ,葡萄糖含量逐渐增加 ,即从杂多糖到α 葡聚糖 .ab PCM3 II、ab PCM4 I和ab PCM4 II则主要是 β (1→ 3 ) D葡聚糖 .有趣的是 ,α 葡聚糖和 β 葡聚糖共存在该菌丝体的碱水提取液中 .由粘度法和光散射法测定了多糖的特性粘数 [η]和重均分子量Mw .ab PCM0、ab PCM1、ab PCM2 I、ab PCM2 II、ab PCM3 I和ab PCM4 II多糖的Mw 值分别为 7 7× 1 0 4、5 2× 1 0 4、5 0× 1 0 4、2 4 3× 1 0 4、65 2×1 0 4和 2 5 5× 1 0 4.     

一种碱溶性灰树花菌丝体多糖GFM2A的制备和结构表征

以灰树花菌丝体为原料, 经过碱提取和柱色谱分离纯化, 得到一种碱溶性多糖(GFM2A). 经高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、乙酰解并采用GCMS, IR, 2D NMR等方法对该多糖的化学结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 该多糖由葡萄糖(Glc)、甘露糖(Man)和木糖(Xyl)组成, 其摩尔比为9∶2∶1, 其主链由6个α-1, 3-D-Glc和2个α-1,3-D-Man 构成, 且α-1,3-D-Glc残基O-4位有两个分支, 其中一个分支连接3个β-1,4-D-Glc, 另一个分支连接一个α-1,4-D-Xyl.     

山茱萸酸性多糖FCP5-A的分离纯化与结构表征

从山茱萸中提取出水溶性粗多糖, 经柱色谱分离纯化得到一种酸性多糖组分FCP5-A. 采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测定其为均一性多糖, 平均分子量为8.7×104. 经IR、GC、部分酸水解、13C NMR及甲基化分析等方法对该多糖的化学结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 该多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖及半乳糖醛酸组成, 其摩尔比为1∶5.7∶0.6∶1.2. FCP5-A为多分支结构, 由-2)Rha(1-及-4)GalA(1-构成主链, 在鼠李糖的4位存在分支; 支链主要由高度分支的阿拉伯糖构成, 此外还存在-3)Gal(1-; 末端残基为Ara(1-及Gal(1-. 结果提示, FCP5-A为一种新的山茱萸酸性分支多糖.     

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析当归多糖的单糖组成

采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,建立了9种常见单糖的分离模式,并成功地用于当归多糖的单糖组成分析,具有良好的重复性。结果表明,当归多糖由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖及阿拉伯糖7种单糖组成,其摩尔比为0．57：1．00：0．13：3．06：8．16：7．17：12．69。该HPLC方法是简单、快速、灵敏、方便的分析技术,可用于当归多糖的质量控制。     

一种乳酸菌胞外多糖糖链结构解析

以分离纯化得到的一种嗜热链球菌分泌的胞外多糖EPS03-1gm为研究对象, 采用气相色谱、分光光度及核磁共振技术对该多糖重复单位结构进行了解析. 结果表明, EPS03-1gm的单糖组成是葡萄糖和半乳糖, 不含糖醛酸和蛋白成分, 其重复单位中有4个糖基单元且都是6C糖. DEPT谱说明每个重复单位中有4个CH2, 用二维核磁共振谱和HMQC及HMBC谱分别对4个糖单元中的H和C进行了归属. 确定该多糖重复单位的糖链结构为: →3)-α-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galf-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→.     

沙蒿籽水溶性胶多糖ASPI-A的结构与免疫活性的初步研究

从沙蒿籽中提取出水溶性胶多糖,经柱色谱分离纯化得到一种中性多糖组分ASPI-A.采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测定其为均一性多糖,平均分子量为5.42×104Da.经IR,GC部分酸水解、甲基化分析等方法对该多糖的化学结构进行了表征.结果表明,该多糖由阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖组成,其物质的量的比为1∶2.8∶4.9∶1.9.ASPI-A为多分支结构,以(1→4)-β-Glc构成主链,部分葡萄糖C6存在分支,由甘露糖以-4)Man(1-连接在葡萄糖C6位,Glc(1-和Gal(1-连接在甘露糖C4位构成.免疫活性实验结果表明,ASPI-A在10～50μg·mL-1浓度范围内对ConA诱导的小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖反应具有促进作用.     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析新疆桃胶的多糖组成

采用超声波辅助提取,乙醇沉淀,三氯乙酸去蛋白的方法提取新疆8种桃胶中的多糖,将所得多糖用三氯乙酸进行水解并用1-苯基-3-甲基-5吡咯啉酮进行衍生化处理,采用反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测法研究桃胶多糖的单糖组成。结果表明,8种桃胶多糖主要由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,还含有少量的葡萄糖醛酸、鼠李糖及甘露糖,不同品种的桃胶其多糖的单糖组成及含量存在一定差异。该方法简便,重现性良好,适合进行桃胶多糖的成分分析研究。     

PMP柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱—紫外检测法结合离子色谱—脉冲安倍法测定不同产地泽泻多糖的单糖组成

本文建立了1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生高效液相色谱-紫外检测法结合离子色谱-脉冲安倍法测定泽泻中10种单糖含量的测定方法，并比较了不同产地泽泻多糖中的单糖组成差异。经测定泽泻多糖中含有葡萄糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸和阿拉伯糖，其中葡萄糖含量最高，说明泽泻多糖是以葡聚糖为主的杂多糖。不同产地泽泻多糖中葡萄糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),葡萄糖含量由高到低依次为广泽泻(166.940～264.724 mg/g)、川泽泻(82.647～155.019 mg/g)和建泽泻(51.148～97.746 mg/g);广泽泻多糖中半乳糖含量(3.511～3.840 mg/g)显著高于川泽泻(1.193～1.797 mg/g,P<0.01)和建泽泻(低于定量限);仅有广泽泻中半乳糖醛酸含量(1.342～1.823 mg/g)高于方法定量限。广泽泻中葡萄糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸摩尔比为60.13∶1∶0.40,川泽泻中葡萄糖、半乳糖摩尔比为1545.05∶1,建泽泻多糖中几乎都是葡萄糖，葡萄糖占比在上述产地多糖中依次增加，三种单糖的杂合程度依次减弱。研究结...     

桑叶多糖SJB的结构分析和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶PTP1B抑制活性

通过DEAE-纤维素和凝胶过滤柱色谱对桑叶碱提粗多糖进行分级分离, 获得均一多糖SJB, 进行结构鉴定. 采用蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶PTP1B体外模型对SJB进行降血糖活性测定. 结果表明: SJB的相对分子质量为5.4×104, 由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸组成的酸性杂多糖; 主链由1,2-、1,2,4-连接的鼠李糖和1,4-、1,3,4-连接的半乳糖醛酸组成; 侧链包括末端、1,5-、1,3,5-连接的阿拉伯糖; 末端、1,4-连接的葡萄糖以及末端、1,3-、1,4-、1,6-连接的半乳糖, 主要通过鼠李糖的O4位和半乳糖醛酸的O3位与主链相连. 该多糖为首次从桑叶中获得的酸性杂多糖. 20 μg/mL SJB对PTP1B的抑制率为31.7%.     

防风多糖化学成分的研究

从中药防风Saposhnikovia divaricata（Turcz．）Schichk中分离得到两种酸性杂多糖SPSa和SPSb,经凝胶渗透色谱证实为均一组分．UV-Vis光谱证实两种多糖中不含蛋白质．采用薄层色谱和毛细管电泳色谱确定了SPSa和SPSb中单糖的组成及摩尔比,SPSa：半乳糖：阿拉伯糖：鼠李糖：半乳糖醛酸=1：2．3：0．15：4．8;SPSb：半乳糖：阿拉伯糖：鼠李糖：木糖：半乳糖醛酸=1：1．5：0．8：0．2：10．2．采用IR光谱对多糖进行了初步结构研究．与现有的防风多糖的组成相比较,确定出SPSa和SPSb为新的防风多糖．     

COMPARISON OF POLYSACCHARIDES ISOLATED FROM THE MYCELIA OF A CULTIVATED STRAIN OF PORIA COCOS GROWN IN DIFFERENT LIQUID CULTURE MEDIA

Mycelium of a cultivated strain of Poria cocos was grown by submerged fermentation in a liquid mediumcontaining corn steep liquor with orbital shaking. Six polysaccharides coded as ac-PCM1, ac-PCM2, ac-PCM3-Ⅰ andⅡ, ac-PCM4-Ⅰand Ⅱ were isolated from the myelium by extracting with 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution, hot water, 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solution and 88% formic acid. Exo-polysaccharide was obtained from the culture medium and coded as ac-PCM0.The monosaccharide composition and molecular weights of these polysaccharides were characterized by using infraredspectroscopy, gas chromaography, elemental analysis, ~(13)C-NMR, viscometry and light scattering. The results indicated thatac-PCM0, ac-PCM1 and ac-PCM2 are heteropolysaccharides containing glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose, and ac-PCM3-Ⅰ and ac-PCM3-Ⅱ mainly consist of D-glucose. The content of the glucose in the polysaccharides increased with theisolation progress. Remarkably, α-glucan and β-glucan coexisted in the extract by NaOH aqueous solution (ac-PCM3), andcould be separated by chemical methods. The protein in the ac-PCM polysaccharides cultured from the medium containingcorn steep liquor was higher than that in the ab-PCM from the medium with bran extract. Therefore, the polysaccharidesfrom Poria cocos mycelia cultured in different media have different chemical composition, molecular weights and conformations.     

香菇多糖的成分及其分子量研究

从香菇子实体中用0.9%NaCl水溶液、85%乙醇、热水、1%草酸铵、5%NaOH/0.05%NaBH₄和2%NaOH/2%尿素分别提取出四种杂多糖(L-FⅠ-L-FⅣn)和两种葡聚糖(L-FⅤ和L-FⅥn).红外光谱和高效液相色谱分析结果表明杂多糖主要由葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖组成,而且按照分离过程的进行多糖中葡萄糖含量递增.由光散射和膜渗透压法研究了多糖的重均分子量Mw、均方根旋转半径2>^1/2、第二维利系数A₂及数均分子量M_n.L-FⅡ、L-FⅢ、L-FⅤ及L-FⅥn的M_w值依次为19.7×10⁴、192.3×10⁴、136.4×10⁴和136.7×10⁴,它们的多分散系数-Mw/-Mn在3～5范围.     

Phosphorylation of D-glucose derivatives with inorganic monoimido-cyclo-triphosphate

Phosphorylation of several D-glucose derivatives has been achieved using inorganic monoimido-cyclo-triphosphate (MCTP, Na(3)P(3)O(8)NH) in aqueous solution. In the phosphorylation of D-glucose, D-glucuronic acid, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and D-galactose, 1-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-beta-D-glucose, 1-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-beta-D-glucuronic acid, 1-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose, and 1-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-beta-D-galactose were stereoselectively synthesized with yields of 54, 32, 37 and 46%, respectively. In the case of methyl alpha-D-glucoside, the phosphorylated products were methyl 3-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-alpha-D-glucoside and methyl 4-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-alpha-D-glucoside, and in the case of methyl beta-D-glucoside the products were methyl 2-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-beta-D-glucoside, methyl 3-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-beta-D-glucoside, and methyl 4-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-beta-D-glucoside. For D-mannose and D-allose, several phosphorylated products were obtained and the main products were 1-O-diphosphoramidophosphono-beta-D-aldoses.     

Characterization of two polysaccharides having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Two polysaccharides, called glycyrrhizans UA and UB, were isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. They were homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. Glycyrrhizan UA is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 20:14:1:3, and glycyrrhizan UB is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-glucose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 12:10:1:10:20, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups and peptide moiety, respectively. About 10% (glycyrrhizan UA) and 35% (glycyrrhizan UB) of the D-galacturonic acid residues exist as the methyl esters. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated their structural features.     

Reticuloendothelial system-activating polysaccharides from rhizomes of Panax japonicus. I. Tochibanan-A and -B

From rhizomes of Panax japonicus (Araliaceae), two polysaccharides named tochibanan-A and -B, which show reticuloendothelial-potentiating activity in the carbon clearance test in mice, were isolated. The structure of tochibanan-A (molecular mass: 23,000) was elucidated as a linear beta-1,4-D-galactan. Tochibanan-B (molecular mass: 40,000) consists of D-galactose (87.1%), L-arabinose, D-glucose and D-galacturonic acid and has a beta-D-(1----4)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone possessing GalA-(1----6)-Gal, Ara-(1----5)-Ara, Gal, and Glc side chains. The structure around the branching points and the repeating unit were investigated and a possible structure of tochibanan-B is proposed.     

Characterization of polysaccharides having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the rhizome of Curcuma longa

Three polysaccharides, named ukonan A, ukonan B and ukonan C, were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. They were homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. They are composed of L-arabinose: D-xylose: D-galactose: D-glucose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratios of 12:4:12:1:4:10 (ukonan A), 12:4:12:1:2:4 (ukonan B) and 8:3:6:14:2:3 (ukonan C), in addition to small amounts of peptide moiety. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated the structural features of ukonan B, the major one in terms of the activity. It has acidic arabino-galactan type structural units.     

杜氏盐藻多糖的高效体积排阻色谱的保留特性及其分析方法的研究

通过对从杜氏盐藻中提取出的不同多糖级分在高效体积排阻色谱柱(Waters Ultrahydragel Linear,7.8 mm i.d.×300 mm,2根串联)上的保留特性的考察及其分离分析条件的优化,建立了高效体积排阻色谱分析盐藻多糖平均相对分子质量及其分布的方法。结果表明:流动相中盐的种类及其浓度、pH值对3种酸性多糖级分(特别是硫酸化多糖级分PD4a)的保留行为有显著影响;在柱温为45 ℃,流速为0.9 mL/min条件下,使用0.1 mol/L的NaAc水溶液作流动相基本上能消除非特异性吸附作用及分子间缔合等因素的干扰,使各多糖级分基本以非缔合状态按立体排除机制保留和分离。在优化的色谱条件下,测得的盐藻多糖5个级分的重均相对分子质量(Mw)分别为1548000,33000,67000,424000,10000;测得的硫酸化多糖级分PD4a的Mw和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为1.7%和 0.88%(n=5)。     

芦荟多糖的分离纯化及结构分析

以库拉索芦荟(Aloebarbadensismiller)为材料,经热水抽提,乙醇分级沉淀得2种酸性多糖PSA1和PSA2,用酶法和Seveg法去除蛋白质.经纸层析和Sephadex凝胶柱层析,证实均为单一组分.经薄层层析和乙酰化GC/MS分析表明,多糖PSA1由甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为1:1.3.多糖PSA2主要由甘露糖组成,经红外光谱及核磁共振证明了PSA2为部分乙酰化的甘露聚糖.经过改良的Hakomori甲基化,高碘酸氧化和Smith降解分析表明均为1→4连接,有少量的1→6连接,是分支较少的直链多糖.     

Structural characterization of mesquite (Prosopis velutina) gum and its fractions

Structural and physicochemical characteristics of mesquite gum (from Prosopis velutina) were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chromatographic methods. Four fractions (F-I, F-IIa, F-IIb and F-III) were isolated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The samples were characterized and analyzed for their monosaccharide and oligomers composition by high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). L-Arabinose (L-Ara) and D-galactose (D-Gal) were found as the main carbohydrate constituent residues in the polysaccharides from mesquite gum and their ratio (L-Ara/D-Gal) varied within the range 2.54 to 3.06 among the various fractions. Small amounts of D-glucose (D-Glc), D-mannose (D-Man) and D-xylose (D-Xyl) were also detected, particularly in Fractions IIa, IIb and III. Infrared spectroscopy identified polysaccharides and protein in all the samples. Data from mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was consistent with the idea that the structure corresponding to the periphereal chains of Fraction I is predominantly a chain of pentoses attached to uronic acid.