毛细管电泳法快速测定保健食品中免疫球蛋白G

建立了毛细管电泳法快速测定保健食品中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量的方法,成功测定了不同剂型(片剂、粉剂及胶囊)牛初乳保健品中IgG的含量。以37 cm×50μm(i.d.)未涂敷熔融石英毛细管为色谱分离柱,50 mmol/L四硼酸钾 65 g/L聚乙二醇20 000(1 mol/L氢氧化铯调pH 10.0)为运行缓冲液,于214 nm波长处检测。详细研究了影响实际样品中IgG分离及准确定量的关键因素,如添加剂的种类、浓度;运行及样品缓冲液的浓度及pH等。采用峰面积外标法定量。方法的精密度为2.1%(n=7);检出限为6.25 mg/L(S/N=3);线性范围为50~2000 mg/L;400 mg/L IgG迁移时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.14%;峰面积的RSD为2.9%(n=7)。6 m in内即可实现保健食品中IgG的分离与测定,结果与产品标示值基本吻合。     

元胡中延胡索乙素的离子液体-毛细管电泳法测定

建立了以离子液体为电解质,测定元胡药材中延胡索乙素含量的毛细管电泳新方法.探讨了离子液体浓度、pH值、分离电压对分离效果的影响以及分离的机理.在以石英毛细管为分离柱,50 mmol/L 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(pH 7.1)为电泳介质,分离电压20 kV的条件下,延胡索乙素可与其它组分在5 min内完全分离.延胡索乙素的线性范围为31.25 ～500 mg/L,检出限为4.86 mg/L,回收率为95% ～102%.     

微乳毛细管电泳法测定脑心通胶囊中4种有效成分

建立了一种微乳毛细管电泳法同时检测脑心通胶囊中芍药苷、阿魏酸、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA 4种有效成分的含量。使用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(60cm×75μm i.d.,有效长度50cm)为分离通道,以50mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-60mmol/LTris(含8.3%正丁醇,1.3%正己烷和15%乙腈,pH=8.8)作电解质,于230nm波长下进行检测。芍药苷、阿魏酸、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA的质量浓度分别在10～300mg/L、2.5～80mg/L、10～100mg/L和5.0～80mg/L范围与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,4种物质的检出限分别为1.5mg/L、0.5mg/L、2.0mg/L和1.0mg/L。样品加标回收率在92%～105%之间,相对标准偏差均小于3.2%。方法简便、快速,已用于实际样品的分析。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱测定塑料食品包装袋中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的研究

采用胶束电动毛细管色谱法对5种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP))和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP))进行了分离研究,考察了溶液的pH值、胶束浓度和有机改性剂等对分离的影响。结果表明:以5 mmol/L硼砂-25 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-15%(体积分数)甲醇溶液为电泳缓冲液(pH 9.2),采用压力进样方式,25 kV恒压下进行分离,在波长200 nm处检测,各组分在17 min内可达到基线分离。DMP、DEP、DBP、DEHP和DOP的检出限分别为0.13 mg/L、0.14 mg/L、0.38 mg/L0、.13 mg/L和0.10 mg/L。本法应用于塑料食品袋中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的测定,回收率范围为81.80%~118.87%,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4.30%(n=10),测定结果满意。     

一种基于二喹啉甲酸- Cu+显色反应的毛细管电泳检测蛋白质的新方法

采用毛细管电泳法和蛋白质显色反应-二喹啉甲酸(BCA)法,结合微波辅助反应,在60 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲液(pH 9.5)中,实现了对蛋白质的快速毛细管电泳分析检测。同时以β-环糊精为包合添加剂,实现了BCA-Cu+复合物和游离BCA的分离,从而在波长200 nm处以测定特征生成的BCA-Cu+复合物来间接检测蛋白质,其峰强度比直接检测蛋白质自身吸收的峰强度提高了2个数量级。对于转铁蛋白、蓖麻毒素,其线性范围分别为2～200 mg/L和2～100 mg/L,检出限分别为0.33和0.37 mg/L。将该方法成功地应用于第一届蓖麻毒素国际实验室间比对测试的部分样品,含量测定结果满意。     

胶束毛细管电泳在线扫集技术同时分离测定穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的研究

采用胶束毛细管电泳在线扫集技术分离测定了中药穿心莲中脱水穿心莲内酯和穿心莲内酯.电泳条件:以20 mmol/L H3BO310 mmol/L NaH2PO4-50mmol/L SDS(含体积分数20%甲醇,pH 2.4)为电泳运行缓冲溶液,未涂层石英毛细管(58 cm×50 μm i.d.,有效长度为41.2 cm)为分离通道,重力进样,进样高度为11 cm,-20 kV恒压,检测波长为246 nm.富集倍数可以达到200倍以上.在5.70～91.20 mg/L,和3.96～31.68 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,对两种内酯分别进行了定量分析.加标平均回收率脱水穿心莲内酯为100.80%,穿心莲内酯为98.06%.     

在线扫集-胶束毛细管电动色谱法测定扛板归中的阿魏酸、咖啡酸和原儿茶酸

采用在线扫集-胶束毛细管电动色谱法(sweeping-MEKC)分离测定扛板归中的阿魏酸、咖啡酸和原儿茶酸。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(50 cm×50μm,有效柱长36 cm);环境温度25℃;缓冲体系为20 mmol/L NaH2PO4-80mmol/L十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)-12.5%乙腈(V/V)(pH 2.20),紫外检测波长为216 nm,运行分离电压-20 kV,进样时间100 s。在优化条件下,3种有机酸均在20 min内出峰,峰面积RSD均小于5%。检出限分别达到98.52,118.73和27.27μg/L。     

毛细管电泳柱上络合分离、间接紫外检测重金属离子

采用弱络合剂乙醇酸,柱上络合,间接紫外检测毛细管区带电泳(CZE)技术对重金属离子Ba2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Pb2+及可能存在的干扰离子进行了分离研究。通过对背景电解质种类和浓度、缓冲液pH、有机添加剂等的优化,确定了最佳分离体系为含12 mmol/L络合剂乙醇酸的10 mmol/L吡啶溶液作为背景电解质(pH 4.0)。在电压15 kV,压差进样68.95 kPa.s,260 nm间接紫外检测条件下,采用50 cm(45.5 cm)×50μm(I.D.)石英毛细管,重复性实验(n=9):迁移时间RSD≤1.37%,峰高RSD≤1.70%,峰面积RSD≤3.55%;Pb2+、Ba2+和Cd3+的检出限(S/N=3)为0.2 mg/L,Cr3+的检出限为0.08 mg/L;在检出限至10 mg/L范围内,各离子的浓度与峰面积线性相关系数好于0.998。该方法并应用于实际样品的分析。     

硝基苯酚位置异构体的毛细管电泳-方波安培检测研究

在未涂层熔融石英毛细管(45 cm×50μm i.d.)中,以pH=7.9的2 mmol/L磷酸氢二钠 0.4 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠 2 mmol/Lβ-CD为电泳运行液,采用毛细管电泳-方波安培检测法,分离电压为 11 kV,可实现硝基苯酚3个位置异构体在6 min内基线分离检测。方法的检出限为0.2~0.6 mg/L。探讨了电泳运行液的组成、浓度、pH值、β-CD等因素对分离检测效果的影响。     

毛细管区带电泳分离西孟坦对映异构体

以β-CD为手性选择剂,采用毛细管区带电泳成功分离了西孟坦对映异构体。考察了背景电解质中硼砂缓冲液的pH和浓度、β-CD浓度、有机添加剂甲醇含量及分离电压对手性分离的影响,建立了毛细管电泳分离西孟坦对映异构体的方法。最佳分离条件为：20mmol／L硼砂缓冲液(pH11．0,含12mmol／Lβ-CD)-甲醇(50：50,V/V);分离电压20kV。在此条件下西孟坦对映异构体可达基线分离。在25～50mg／L范围内,迁移时间的重复性(RSD)控制在1．9％之内,峰面积重复性的RSD小于4．0％,本方法可用于西孟坦对映异构体的手性分离和定量分析。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.