离子色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的高氯酸盐

采用离子色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的高氯酸盐。将2.00g样品溶解在10mL水中,加入乙腈10mL,振荡离心去除样品中的蛋白质,上清液用10mL乙腈饱和的正己烷溶液去除样品中的脂类物质。净化液采用Dionex IonPac AS 20色谱柱分离,以60mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钾溶液洗脱。质谱中采用电喷雾离子源和多反应监测模式,以NaCl 18O4作为同位素内标物质定量。高氯酸盐质量浓度的线性范围为0.1~100μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.3μg·kg~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为1.0μg·kg~(-1)。加标回收率在92.1%~97.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于10%。     

新型光敏剂32-(4-甲氧基苯基)-152-天冬氨酸-二氢卟吩e6的药代动力学及组织分布特征

二氢卟吩类衍生物3²-(4-甲氧基苯基)-15²-天冬氨酸-二氢卟吩e6(DYSP-C34)是从程海湖螺旋藻中提取并合成的新型光敏剂。研究DYSP-C34在生物体内的药代动力学及组织分布过程对光动力疗法(PDT)的有效性和安全性至关重要。该文运用高效液相色谱-紫外(HPLC-UV)检测技术,建立了大鼠血浆中DYSP-C34的检测方法。采用沉淀蛋白-液液萃取法处理血浆和组织样品,采用Unitary C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,流动相为甲醇-5 mmol/L四丁基磷酸氢铵缓冲盐溶液(70∶30, v/v),流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为20 μL,检测波长为400 nm,柱温为40 ℃。实验结果表明,大鼠血浆药物质量浓度在1~200 μg/mL范围内线性良好,判定系数(r²)为0.9941。在低、中、高(8、40、120 μg/mL)3个添加水平下的提取回收率分别为74.39%、69.71%和65.89%,日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)均在5%以内。运用此方法测定静脉注射DYSP-C34(16 mg/kg)后大鼠血浆中以及荷瘤小鼠组织中的药物浓度,采用DAS 2.0计算出药物半衰期t_1/2z为6.98 h,药-时曲线下面积AUC_(0-∞)为1025.01 h·mg/L,平均驻留时间MRT_(0-∞)为9.19 h。DYSP-C34在荷瘤小鼠体内的分布结果显示,DYSP-C34可以在肿瘤组织中蓄积,并具有一定的滞留作用。综上,该文建立了大鼠血浆中DYSP-C34的HPLC-UV测定方法,并进行了方法学验证,此方法简便、快速,结果准确。阐明了DYSP-C34在静脉给药方式下大鼠体内药代动力学和荷瘤小鼠组织中的分布特征,对临床合理用药和药效学研究具有重要意义。     

冷冻去脂-液液分配净化/气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中16种多环芳烃

建立了保湿护肤系列化妆品中16种多环芳烃的气相色谱-质谱测定法。对于水剂样品,采用环己烷提取、浓缩等简单前处理;对于膏霜剂样品,采用乙腈+丙酮(8+2,V/V)涡旋提取样品中的待测物,提取液经冷冻去脂、液液萃取净化(氨水-环己烷、水-环己烷),气相色谱-质谱法测定。16种多环芳烃在1～50μg/L均与对应峰面积呈良好线性关系。添加量在1～50μg/kg时,平均回收率(n=6)为78.1%～103.7%,相对标准偏差为2.4%～7.1%,方法检测限为1～10μg/kg。该法可用于化妆品中16种多环芳烃的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定加工肉制品中莱克多巴胺及克伦特罗的含量

建立了高效液相色谱串联质谱测定加工肉制品中莱克多巴胺和克伦特罗的方法。采用阳离子交换色谱柱(SCX)分离目标化合物,改进了前处理方法,采用PXC固相萃取柱净化,并对洗脱溶液和高效液相色谱串联质谱的各参数进行优化。高效液相色谱流动相流速为0.4 mL/min,进样量为10μL,柱温为40℃。样品均质后加入30μLβ-盐酸葡萄糖醛苷酶-芳基硫酸酯酶,并经0.02 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(pH 5.2)提取,离心,过固相萃取柱净化。两种目标化合物在0.1～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限和定量下限分别不超过0.04μg/kg和0.15μg/kg。样品平均加标回收率为72%～98%,RSD低于8.5%。结果表明,此方法适于加工肉制品中莱克多巴胺和克伦特罗的测定。     

小体积液液萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定地下水中32种半挥发性有机污染物

建立小体积液液萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定地下水中32种半挥发性有机污染物（SVOCs）的方法。采用2 mL二氯甲烷和正己烷混合溶剂（体积比为1∶1）加入到20 mL水样中,添加2 g NaCl,涡旋萃取60 s,经DB-5MS UI色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm）分离,SRM模式检测,内标法定量。32种SVOCs的质量浓度在0.5～20μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.995,方法检出限为0.002～0.06μg/L。样品加标回收率为72.5%～129%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.65%～21.1%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简单快捷,所需水样和有机试剂体积较少,能够满足地下水中32种SVOCs的高效测定。     

沉积物中氯化石蜡与多氯联苯的分离及气相色谱-质谱检测

建立了沉积物中氯化石蜡(CPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的提取、分离和检测方法。沉积物样品用二氯甲烷索氏抽提,采用弗罗里硅土/硅胶复合柱纯化和分离。先用80 mL正己烷淋洗得到PCBs组分,再用60 mL二氯甲烷淋洗得到CPs组分,从而实现两者的有效分离。以气相色谱-低分辨质谱(负离子化学源)-选择离子监测技术测定CPs组分,气相色谱-质谱(电子轰击源)-选择离子监测技术测定PCBs,内标法定量,并对样品前处理条件和色谱质谱条件进行优化。在优化条件下,目标化合物(工业品CP52和22种PCB单体)的回收率为86%～99%,RSD<10%。24种短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)和24种中链氯化石蜡(MCCPs)的方法检出限分别为0.144～3.47 ng/g和0.530～2.24 ng/g。PCBs(一氯～七氯)的方法检出限为0.220～1.08 ng/g。应用该方法检测了东江6个沉积物中CPs和PCBs的含量,沉积物样品中SCCPs的含量为0.245～1.58μg/g(干重),MCCPs的含量为0.538～1.83μg/g,PCBs的含量为1～100 ng/g。     

高效液相色谱法测定卤化丁基橡胶塞中2-巯基苯并噻唑残留量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定卤化丁基橡胶塞中2-巯基苯并噻唑残留量的分析方法。将样品切成小块，以乙腈为浸提溶剂，按照0.5 g/mL浸提比例于40℃水浴超声浸提30 min。采用Xbridge BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱，以体积分数为0.1%的磷酸溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱，于波长324 nm处检测。2-巯基苯并噻唑的色谱峰面积与质量浓度在0.050 49～2.020μg/mL范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为0.999 9。方法检出限为0.004 24μg/mL，定量限为0.050 49μg/mL，样品平均加标回收率为90.16%～92.66%，测定结果相对标准偏差为2.21%～4.96%(n=6)。该方法专属性强，灵敏度高，准确性好，可用于卤化丁基橡胶塞中2-巯基苯并噻唑残留量测定。     

固相微萃取气相色谱法测定饮料中山梨酸和苯甲酸

采用溶胶凝胶聚甲基苯基乙烯基硅氧烷萃取头萃取饮料中山梨酸和苯甲酸,用直接固相微萃取与气相色谱联用进行测定,通过试验确定了萃取时间、酸度等萃取条件。山梨酸和苯甲酸的浓度在0.2～40μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9988,0.9989,检出限分别为0.0332,0.00320μg/mL,饮料样品和加标样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.18%～7.03%(n=3),两个添加水平的加标回收率为80.5%～96.5%。该方法灵敏度比传统的液–液萃取气相色谱法高。     

超声辅助离子液体分散液液微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定新型抗艾药ACC007

该文提出了一种基于超声辅助离子液体分散液液微萃取/高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定血清及药片中ACC007含量的新方法。在超声辅助下,无需分散剂即可将疏水性离子液体1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C8mimPF6])形成的细小液滴分散于样品溶液中,从而有效萃取ACC007,萃取率在94.0%以上。实验对萃取剂种类、萃取剂用量、溶液pH值、萃取时间、冷却和离心时间等萃取条件进行了考察。在优化条件下,ACC007的线性范围为0.20~10.0μg/mL,检出限分别为0.062μg/mL(药片)和0.068μg/mL(血清)。采用该方法对药片和血清中ACC007进行测定,加标回收率为90.5%~103%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~5.1%,结果令人满意。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中的氯酸盐和高氯酸盐北大核心CSCD

针对土壤样品的分析,建立了一种同时测定氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法。样品经过超声提取、高速离心去除杂质,上清液过固相萃取柱及滤膜净化,用液-质联用仪测定,内标法定量。氯酸盐在2.00~200 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9997,检出限为6.0μg/kg,定量限为20.0μg/kg,加标回收率在92.0%~102.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%;高氯酸盐在1.00~100 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为4.0μg/kg,定量限为10.0μg/kg,加标回收率在94.6%~108.0%,RSD为3.6%。该方法操作简单、测定结果稳定,可用于土壤中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的测定。     

Determination of Doxycycline, 4-epidoxycycline,and 6-epidoxycycline in Aquatic Animal Muscle Tissue by an Optimized Extraction Protocol and Ultra-performance Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection

A fast ultra-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the separation and quantification of doxycycline, 4-epidoxycycline, and 6-epidoxycycline in the muscles of channel catfish, shrimp, eel and turtle. The analytes were separated by comprehensive optimization of the chromatographic conditions. The extraction method was performed using a modified QuEChERS methodology. 2?g of muscle sample were mixed with 5?mL Mcllvaine buffer (pH 4), and 4?g of sodium sulfate and 2?g of sodium chloride were added for liquid–liquid partitioning. The mixture was agitated for 30?s and extracted with 10?mL of acidified acetonitrile. The resulting extract was purified using 200?mg of a C₁₈-silica adsorbent. The samples were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection using a BEH C18 column (2.1?mm ×100?mm, 1.7?μm). The limits of detection were less than 25?μg/kg and the limits of quantitation were less than 50?μg/kg for all analytes. The recoveries of the analytes were from 62.3% to 89.0% with relative standard derivations below 10.0%. The method provided efficient extraction and purification that enabled rugged and low-cost determination of the analytes.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of amphotericin B in plasma, blood, urine and tissues for pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies.

A sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to assay ampherotericin B in plasma, blood, urine and various tissue samples. Amphotericin B was isolated from each sample matrix by solid-phase extraction (Bond-Elut). The eluate from Bond-Elut containing amphotericin B was injected onto a reversed-phase C18 column (Waters, mu Bondpak, 10 microns, 300 mm x 3.9 mm I.D.) with a mobile phase of 45% acetonitrile in 2.5 mM Na2EDTA at 1 ml/min. Detection of amphotericin B was by ultraviolet absorption at 382 nm. Blood and tissues were homogenized and extracted with methanol prior to Bond-Elut extraction. The extraction efficiencies of amphotericin B from plasma, blood and tissues were approximately 90, 70 and 75%, respectively. The sensitivity of the assay was less than or equal to 5 ng/ml for plasma, less than or equal to 25 ng/ml for blood, 2.5 ng/ml for urine and 50 ng/g for tissues. The linearity of the assay method was up to 2.5 micrograms/ml for plasma, 5 micrograms/ml for blood, 500 ng/ml for urine and 500 micrograms/g for tissues. The assay was reproducible with an intra-day coefficient of variation (C.V., n = 3) of less than 5% in general for plasma, blood and tissues. The inter-day C.V. of the assay was less than 5% for plasma (n = 5), less than 10% for blood (n = 4) and less than 5% for tissues (n = 3). The overall variability in the urine assay was generally less than 10%. This method has demonstrated significant improvement in the sensitivity and reproducibility in assaying amphotericin B in plasma and especially in blood, urine and tissues. We have employed this assay to compare the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles of amphotericin B in rats and dogs following administration of Fungizone and ABCD (amphotericin B-cholesteryl sulfate colloidal dispersion), a lipid-based dosage form. In addition, the assay method for plasma and urine samples can also be applied to pharmacokinetics studies of amphotericin B in man.     

LC-MS/MS method for the determination of cynandione A in rat plasma and tissues

A rapid and sensitive method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of cynandione A in rat plasma and tissues. The plasma samples were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate after the internal standard (honokiol) had been spiked. The tissue samples were homogenized with physiological saline and treated further like the plasma samples. The separation was performed using a Zorbax SB-C(18) column (3.5 microm, 2.1 x 100 mm) and a C18 guard column (5 microm, 4.0 x 2.0 mm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.1% formic acid (78:22, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The Agilent G6410A triple quadrupole LC/MS system was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using the electrospray ionization technique in negative mode. The nominal retention times for cynandione A and honokiol were 1.41 and 2.63 min, respectively. The method was validated within the concentration range 0.2-1000 ng/mL in plasma and homogenized tissue for cynandione A, and the calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients >0.992. The lower limit of quantification of cynandione A was 0.2 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the assay in plasma were less than 14.4%, while the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the assay in tissue homogenate were less than 14.2%. This method proved to be suitable for study of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cynandione A in rat.     

Simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method for formaldehyde determination in human tissue through derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine

A simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of formaldehyde in human tissue. FA Formaldehyde was derivatized with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine. It was extracted from human tissue with ethyl acetate by liquid–liquid extraction and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 5.0–200 μg/mL. Intra‐ and interday precision values for formaldehyde in tissue were <6.9%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 6.5%. The extraction recoveries of formaldehyde from human tissue were between 88 and 98%. The limits of detection and quantification of formaldehyde were 1.5 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. Also, this assay was applied to liver samples taken from a biopsy material.     

Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of paclitaxel in rabbits assayed by LC‐UV after intravenous administration of its novel liposomal formulation

A simple, rapid and sensitive LC‐UV method was developed and validated for the determination of paclitaxel (PTX) in rabbit plasma and tissues. A 2 mL aliquot of acetonitrile and 10 μL ammonium acetate (pH 5.0, 6 m ) as extraction agents were used to markedly increase the extraction recoveries and greatly reduce the endogenous substances. The separation was achieved on a C₁₈ column at 30 °C using an acetonitrile–ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.0, 0.02 m ; 55:45, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; UV detection was used at 227 nm. Good linearity was obtained between 0.025 and 10,000 µg/mL for plasma and between 0.025–200,000 µg/g for tissue samples (r > 0.999). The limit of detection was 6 ng/mL in plasma, 8 ng/g in heart and 12.5 ng/g in other tissues. The limit of quantitation was 25 ng/mL in plasma and heart, 125 ng/g in other tissues. The intra‐ and inter‐day assays of precision and accuracy for all bio‐samples ranged from 1.38 to 9.60% and from 83.6 to 114.5%, respectively. The extraction recoveries ranged from 70.1 to 109.5%. Samples were stable during three freeze–thaw cycles or stored in a freezer at ?20 °C for 30 days. The assay method was successfully applied to a study of the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of novel PTX lung targeting liposomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SPE-RP-HPLC法测定羊肉组织中胺菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯残留量

建立了羊肉组织中胺菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯的固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱测定法。采用氟罗里硅土固相萃取柱(1000 mg/6 mL)进行固相萃取。以Shim-pack VP-ODS(200 mm×4.6 mm)柱为分析柱,流动相为甲醇:水=95:5(V/V),流速为0.7 mL/min。胺菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯分别在0.01～6.40μg/mL(r=0.9999)和0.068～7.20ug/mL(r=0.9998)范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,检出限分别为0.001μg/mL和0.002μg/mL,胺菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯的回收率为90.2%～101.4%,相对标准偏差为2.3%～4.0%。该方法可作为羊肉组织中胺菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯含量监测的控制方法。     

Simultaneous LC‐MS/MS bioanalysis of etoposide and paclitaxel in mouse tissues and plasma after oral administration of self‐microemulsifying drug‐delivery systems

In this study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine the anticancer drugs etoposide and paclitaxel in mouse plasma and tissues including liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and brain. The analytes were extracted from the matrices of interest by liquid–liquid extraction using methyl tert‐butyl ether–dichloromethane (1:1, v/v). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Ultimate XB‐C₁₈ column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) at 40°C and the total run time was 4 min under a gradient elution. Ionization was conducted using electrospray ionization in the positive mode. Stable isotope etoposide‐d3 and docetaxel were used as the internal standards. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of etoposide was 1 ng/g tissue for all tissues and 0.5 ng/mL for plasma. The LLOQ of paclitaxel was 0.4 ng/g tissue and 0.2 ng/mL for all tissues and plasma, respectively. The coefficients of correlation for all of the analytes in the tissues and plasma were >0.99. Both intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were satisfactory. This method was successfully applied to measure plasma and tissue drug concentrations in mice treated with etoposide and paclitaxel‐loaded self‐microemulsifying drug‐delivery systems.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测婴幼儿奶粉中的7种链格孢霉毒素

婴幼儿奶粉配料中的植物油易受到链格孢霉菌污染,因而链格孢霉毒素(ATs)成为该类食品的重点检测对象.该研究建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测婴幼儿奶粉中链格孢酚、链孢酚单甲醚、交链孢霉烯、细交链孢菌酮酸、腾毒素、交链孢毒素Ⅰ、细格菌素7种ATs的方法.通过参数优化确定最佳的质谱与色谱条件,选取BEH-C18色谱柱...     

超声萃取高效液相色谱法测定指画颜料中的6种防腐剂

建立指画颜料中2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、苯甲酸等6种防腐剂的超声萃取-高效液相色谱的测定方法。经试验确定,萃取溶剂为100%甲醇,萃取时间为10 min,萃取温度为25℃。采用Hypersil ODS柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为245 nm。在0.5~20 mg/L检测范围内6种防腐剂的质量浓度与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r≥0.999 2,方法检出限为1.15~1.71μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.54%~3.18%(n=8),加标回收率为84.2%~108.0%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于指画颜料中6种防腐剂含量的分析检测。     

Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in dew, rain, snow and lake water samples by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography

A simple, fast, sensitive and accurate reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC method for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in atmospheric liquids and lake waters has been developed. Separations were accomplished in less than 10 min using a reversed-phase C₁₈ column (150 mm × 2.00 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) with a mobile phase containing 83% 3.0 mM ion-interaction reagent tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBA-OH) and 2.0 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 3.9 and 17% acetonitrile (flow rate, 0.4 mL/min). UV light absorption responses at 205 nm were linear over a wide concentration range from 100 μg/mL to the detection limits of 10 μg/L for nitrite and 5 μg/L nitrate. Quantitation was carried out by the peak area method. The relative standard deviation for the analysis of nitrite and nitrate was less than 3.0%. This method was applied for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in dew, rain, snow and lake water samples collected in southeast Massachusetts. Nitrate was found being present at 4.79-5.99 μg/mL in dew, 1.20-2.63 μg/mL in rain, 0.32-0.60 μg/mL in snow and 0.12-0.23 μg/mL in lake water. Nitrite was only a minor species in dew (0.62-0.83 μg/mL), rain (<0.005-0.14 μg/mL), snow (0.021-0.032 μg/mL) and lake water (0.12-0.16 μg/mL). High levels of nitrite and nitrate observed in dew water droplets may constitute an important source of hydroxyl radicals in the sunny early morning.