HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中协同萃取RE(Ⅲ)的机制研究

对HDEHP(H2B2)和HEH/EHP(H2L2)混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取稀土元素(La,Nd,Sm,Gd)的机制进行了研究。研究表明,在水相平衡pH=2.0时,混合萃取剂萃取这几种元素的协萃系数分别为:1.96(La),3.52(Nd),5.96(Sm),5.71(Gd),并且协萃系数随水相平衡pH的升高而增加。利用斜率法分别确定了单一萃取剂HDEHP和HEH/EHP以及混合萃取剂HDEHP HEH/EHP在硫酸体系中萃取稀土元素的配合物结构式分别为RE(SO4)xH2x(HB2)3,RE(SO4)xH2x(HL2)3以及RE(HB2)2(HL2)。计算了反应的平衡常数及形成常数并确定了反应机制为阳离子交换反应。     

2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯和二(2-乙基己基)磷酸从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)的研究

研究了用2-乙基己基膦酸单-2-乙基己基酯(HEH/EHP,P507)和二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP,P204)从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)的机制.结果表明:在HEH/EHP的摩尔分散在0.6时,体系的协萃系数最大.Ce(Ⅳ)以Ce(SO4)0.5HL2A2的形式被萃人有机相,协萃反应为阳离子交换机制.同时还得到了HEH/EHP和HDEHP从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)时,体系的平衡常数及热力学函数如△G,△H和△S等.     

1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮-5与中性磷(膦)萃取剂协同萃取镧(Ⅲ)

研究了1-苯基-3-甲基- 4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮-5(HPMBP)和中性有机磷(膦)类萃取剂Cyanex 471X(TIBPS,B)在硝酸介质中对稀土元素La（Ⅲ）的萃取,用斜率法和恒摩尔法探讨了萃取机理,确定了萃合物的组成为La(NO3)2·PMBP·B,计算了萃取平衡常数.比较了HPMBP与Cyanex 471X、Cyanex 921、Cyanex 923、Cyanex 925、DEH/EHP、P350及TBP的单独及混合体系萃取La（Ⅲ）的性能,结果表明所有混合体系对La（Ⅲ）均有协同效应,其中HPMBP与Cyanex 923、Cyanex 921、Cyanex 925的混合体系是萃取La（Ⅲ）的有效体系.     

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯萃取稀土元素机理的研究 III.高浓度稀土元素(III)在H~+(HNO_3,HCl)-H_2O-HEH(EHP)-煤油体系中的分配及萃取反应

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯[HEH(EHP),HL]是萃取分离稀土元素的有效萃取剂.作者及马恩新等研究了HEH(EHP)萃取低浓度稀土元素的平衡反应.Lenz等认为二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP)萃取高浓度Nd(Ⅲ)和Sm(Ⅲ)时,ClO_4~-及NO_3~-参与萃取反应.定量研究HEH(EHP)从矿物酸溶液中萃取高浓度稀土元素(Ⅲ)的平衡规律及萃取反应具有实际意义,有关这方面的研究尚未见报道. 本文结合分离工艺,系统地研究了高浓度稀土元素在H~+(HNO_3,HCl)-H_2O-1.50FHEH(EHP)-煤油体系中的分配平衡,通过IR、NMR及平衡有机相中NO_3~-和Cl~-浓度的定量测定,提出了低酸度下不同稀土浓度的萃取反应.     

1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮-5与中性磷(膦)萃取剂协同萃取镧B

研究了 1 苯基 3 甲基 4 苯甲酰基 -吡唑酮 5 (HPMBP)和中性有机磷 (膦 )类萃取剂Cyanex 4 71X(TIBPS ,B)在硝酸介质中对稀土元素La 的萃取 ,用斜率法和恒摩尔法探讨了萃取机理 ,确定了萃合物的组成为La(NO3 ) 2 ·PMBP·B ,计算了萃取平衡常数。比较了HPMBP与Cyanex 4 71X、Cyanex 92 1、Cyanex 92 3、Cyanex 92 5、DEH/EHP、P35 0及TBP的单独及混合体系萃取La 的性能 ,结果表明 :所有混合体系对La 均有协同效应 ,其中HPMBP与Cyanex 92 3、Cyanex 92 1、Cyanex 92 5的混合体系是萃取La 的有效体系。     

二烷基单硫代膦酸萃淋树脂吸附重稀土(Ⅲ)的研究

本文研究了Cyanex302萃淋树脂从硝酸介质中吸附重稀土（Ⅲ），吸附能力为Lu＞Yb＞Tm＞Er＞Ho＞Dy＞Tb＞Gd。考察了平衡水相酸度、稀土浓度、温度等对吸附平衡的影响。计算了重稀土（Ⅲ）间的平均分离系数β~z+1_z＝3．55，表明分离稀土（Ⅲ）的选择性优于HDEHP、HEH／EHP萃淋树脂，有可能用于制备高纯单一重稀土。Cyanex302萃淋树脂饱和吸附稀土（Ⅲ）的红外光谱表明，P＝S键参与了配位。     

HEH(EHP)-煤油-HCl-RECl_3体系单一稀土的萃取平衡

HEH(EHP)(2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯)作为萃取剂,萃取分离稀土的研究结果表明,HEH(EHP)有较高的分离系数,是一种有效的稀土分离萃取剂。为深入了解HEH(EHP)对稀土元素的萃取性能,以便提供萃取分离工艺的设计参数,我们研究了HEH(EHP)-煤油-HCl-RECl_3体系在不同初始条件下,15个单一稀土的萃取平衡数据,     

PMBP与HEH[EHP]对Fe（Ⅲ）的协同萃取

本文研究了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑酮-5(PMBP,HL)和2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(HEH[EHP],HA)的二甲苯溶液对盐酸介质中Fe(Ⅲ)的AA类协同萃取。用斜率法确定二元协萃配合物组成为FeL_2A,计算了协萃反应的平衡常数和热力学函数,讨论了协萃配合物的IR和~1H NMR谱。     

磷酸三丁酯与三烷基胺类萃取剂对锌离子的协同萃取

研究了磷酸三丁酯(TBP,B)和三烷基胺萃取剂(N235,R3N,R=C8~C10)在HCl介质中对Zn2 的萃取,该混合体系对Zn2 存在明显的协同效应,协萃系数为12.34。用斜率法和恒摩尔法探讨了萃取机理,确定了萃合物的组成为(R3N)1.5.ZnCl2.B,协萃反应方程式:ZnCl2(a) 1.5R3N(o) B(o)(R3N)1.5.ZnCl2.B(0)。计算了该反应的平衡常数和热力学函数ΔH、ΔG和ΔS,证明反应为放热过程。比较了TBP-N235的混合体系萃取Zn2 和Cd2 的性能,并考察了TBP与另一种胺类萃取剂N,N′-二(1-甲庚基)乙酰胺(N503)的混合体系对Zn2 和Cd2 的萃取。结果表明:TBP-N235的混合体系对Cd2 没有明显的协同效应;TBP-N503的混合体系对Zn2 和Cd2 协同效应都不明显。计算了TBP-N235的混合体系对Zn2 和Cd2 的分离系数,证明此体系可以从富镉溶液中分离锌。     

二（2,4,4—三甲基戊基）膦酸萃取稀土离子

2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯(HEH/EHP)是目前稀土湿法冶金工业中应用最广泛的萃取剂。但存在重稀土离子反萃取酸度高,某些中、重稀土离子对的分离系数小、选择性不高等缺点。所以研究优于HEH/EHP的新萃取体系已引起人们极大的关注。近年来发现,二(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸(HBTMPP,HL)有可能是萃取稀土元素的有效萃取剂。由于其分子中不含酯氧原子,使得它的pK。值比HEH/EHP高。因此,用HBTMPP萃取稀土及其它高价     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。