催化剂对纳米聚团床法制备的纳米碳材料形貌的影响

 在纳米聚团床中用催化化学气相沉积法批量制备了碳纳米管，研\r\n究了过渡金属催化剂对碳纳米管形貌和产量的影响．实验结果表明，含\r\n铁催化剂的活性较低，产率较低，但产品质量较好；含镍催化剂的活性\r\n较高，产率较高，但产品质量较差；在钴催化剂作用下发现了一种新型\r\n的针状纳米碳材料．用含载体较少的铁催化剂可以得到纯度较高且微观\r\n结构较好的碳纳米管，但产率较低；不含任何载体的纯镍催化剂则不能\r\n得到碳纳米管．适宜的催化剂组成、催化剂活性点的均匀分布和裂解速\r\n度的控制等构成了纳米聚团床大批量制备碳纳米管技术的关键．     

硝基苯加氢合成对氨基酚用负载铂催化剂的制备

 用甲醛还原沉积法制备了活性炭负载的铂催化剂（Pt／AC）和不\r\n同载体负载的铂催化剂，并考察了催化剂对硝基苯加氢制备对氨基酚反\r\n应的催化性能．结果表明，还原Pt（Ⅳ）的甲醛用量是影响催化剂性能\r\n的关键因素，甲醛必须过量而且存在一个最佳值．增加催化剂的铂负载\r\n量，不能有效提高加氢反应速度，反而易降低对氨基酚选择性；低铂负\r\n载量催化剂具有较高的活性、选择性及稳定性．XPS和TEM表征结果表明\r\n，金属铂集中分布于活性炭颗粒外部，其颗粒大小介于2～12nm间．炭\r\n载体催化剂的活性和选择性明显高于金属氧化物载体催化剂．掺入适量\r\n的Mg可显著提高Pt／AC催化剂的活性和选择性．     

纳米二氧化锆催化剂上一氧化碳加氢合成异丁烯

 考察了纳米ZrO2的制备方法及Al2O3和KOH助剂的添加对ZrO2催化\r\nCO加氢合成异丁烯反应的影响．纳米ZrO2的制备方法对ZrO2的物理性质\r\n和催化性能有较大的影响．用超临界流体干燥法干燥并在流动N2气氛中\r\n焙烧制得的ZrO2催化剂对异丁烯具有较高的选择性．Al2O3和KOH助剂表\r\n现出非常优良的助剂效应，在大幅度提高催化剂对i－C4烃选择性的同\r\n时保持了和ZrO2同样高的催化活性．催化剂的酸碱性表征结果表明，酸\r\n碱性对催化剂的催化性能影响很大，催化剂上适宜的酸碱数量和酸碱比\r\n例是影响其催化CO加氢合成异丁烯性能的非常重要的因素．     

钼催化剂上甲醇直接气相羰基化活性与吸附的关系

 制备了一系列非负载的钼催化剂，考察了催化剂上甲醇直接气相\r\n羰化活性与反应物及产物吸附的关系．结果发现，催化剂的制备方法对\r\n甲醇直接气相羰化活性的影响很明显，以纯二硫化钼试剂制备的催化剂\r\n，甲醇转化率与羰化产物乙酸甲酯的选择性最低；以三氧化钼气相还原\r\n硫化制备的催化剂，其羰化活性较低；以钼酸铵溶液经硫化铵溶液或硫\r\n化氢气体硫化制得的催化剂，其性能明显优于前两种，尤以钼酸铵经硫\r\n化铵溶液硫化制得的催化剂的性能最佳．催化剂的羰化活性明显依赖于\r\n催化剂的吸附性能，羰化活性高的催化剂不仅吸附CO的量大，而且对甲\r\n醇和乙酸甲酯的吸附量也明显较大．     

制备条件对Al1P1.30Ti0.30Si0.17体系催化剂性能的影响

 从制备催化剂的原料、沉淀剂种类、铝沉淀物终点的pH值、水量\r\n及原料的加入顺序等方面考察了制备条件对AlP1．30－Ti0．30Si0．1\r\n7体系的结构及催化性能的影响．结果表明，以自制新鲜氢氧化铝为铝\r\n源，以硅溶胶为硅源，以钛酸丁酯为钛源，以氨水为沉淀剂，在pH＝6\r\n．2，c（Al3＋）＝0．64mol／L（V（H2O）＝200ml）的条件下，采用\r\n通常的沉淀方法可制备出性能优良的催化剂．催化剂的酸性是影响其催\r\n化性能的主要因素，主产物选择性与酸强度有关，酸强度高的催化剂具\r\n有较低的主产物选择性；催化剂的活性与其孔径及表面酸量有关；催化\r\n剂中的B酸中心是反应可能的活性中心．     

氧化铝负载钌基氨合成催化剂的制备条件及载体改性

 利用等体积浸渍法制备了氧化铝负载钌基氨合成催化剂．考察了\r\n氢氧化铝的焙烧温度，催化剂的还原温度，助剂K、Ba和Sm的添加，以\r\n及用MgO和BaO改性氧化铝载体等对催化剂活性的影响．通过XRD，N2物\r\n理吸附和CO2化学吸附等方法表征了载体的物相结构、比表面积和表面\r\n碱性．研究结果表明，氧化铝表面碱性随着氢氧化铝焙烧温度的升高而\r\n增大是催化剂活性升高的主要原因，载体比表面积的降低对催化剂活性\r\n的影响相对较小．助剂K、Ba和Sm的加入显著地提高了催化剂的活性，\r\n同时助剂Ba和Sm还减弱了强吸附氢对氮吸附的抑制作用，明显提高了催\r\n化剂的高压活性．用MgO改性氧化铝载体降低了其比表面积，但是显著\r\n地提高了载体的表面碱性和催化剂的活性．BaO改性的氧化铝载体的比\r\n表面积、表面碱性及其负载的钌基催化剂的活性随着BaO含量的增加先\r\n升高后降低，当BaO摩尔含量为7．7％时，催化剂活性最高．     

Ni含量及预硫化对NiW/γ-Al2O3催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫反应活性的影响

 采用连续流动微反装置考察了活性组分Ni／（Ni＋W）原子比及\r\n预硫化条件对NiW／γ－Al2O3催化剂噻吩加氢脱硫（HDS）反应活性的\r\n影响．用X射线光电子能谱和电镜微区元素分析方法对硫化态催化剂进\r\n行了表征．结果表明，催化剂的组成、硫化方法、硫化度和反应条件等\r\n都能影响NiW／γ－Al2O3催化剂的HDS反应活性．对于在较低温度（30\r\n0℃）下硫化的催化剂，当反应温度较低（260～290℃）时，最佳Ni／\r\n（Ni＋W）原子比为0．50，而当反应温度较高（330～360℃）时，最佳\r\nNi／（Ni＋W）原子比为0．23．当催化剂在300～450℃下硫化时，其噻\r\n吩HDS反应活性随硫化温度升高而增大，表明硫化度较高的催化剂具有\r\n较高的HDS反应活性．     

正丁烷氧化制顺酐流化床催化剂的性能

 考察了前驱体制备过程中水合肼／五氧化二钒摩尔比（以下简记\r\n为n（N2H4）／n（V2O5））对催化剂性能的影响．由较高的n（N2H4）\r\n／n（V2O5）比制得的催化剂，其（VO）2P2O7相含量较多，正丁烷转化\r\n率较高．随着n（N2H4）／n（V2O5）比的减小，δ－VOPO4相的含量逐\r\n渐增多，正丁烷转化率随之升高；而顺酐选择性开始时升高，达到最大\r\n值后逐渐降低．在n（N2H4）／n（V2O5）＝0．34时制备的催化剂最佳\r\n，在丁烷浓度为4．0％、空速为500h－1及反应温度为420℃的反应条件\r\n下，顺酐收率可达49．74％．本文中细粒床催化剂有较大的操作弹性．     

非均相催化一步合成碳酸二苯酯的研究 Ⅰ.载体制备方法对催化剂性能的影响

 采用溶胶－凝胶法、共沉淀法和冷冻干燥法，制备了LaxMnyPbz\r\nO复合型金属氧化物载体，并以PdCl2或Na2PdCl4的水溶液为浸渍液，通\r\n过浸渍方法制得固相催化剂，用于一步合成碳酸二苯酯．用XRD，TEM及\r\nSEM对载体及催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，三种载体的主要物相皆为\r\nLa0．3Mn0．5PbO，溶胶－凝胶法制得的载体及催化剂的粒径分布较好\r\n，空隙率较大，活性组分分散度较高；溶胶－凝胶法制得的催化剂的催\r\n化性能较好，碳酸二苯酯选择性可高于99．5％．     

过渡金属对Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性的影响

 利用分步等体积浸渍的方法，从蒽醌法生产双氧水的角度，制备\r\n了系列氢化催化剂．同时，利用TPR，XRD和TEM等技术，考察了第4周期\r\n过渡金属对Pd／γ－Al2O3催化剂活性的影响．结果表明，铁系元素和\r\n锌助剂有利于钯在载体上的分散，提高了Pd的催化活性，使氢化效率提\r\n高5％～16％，抗失活能力增强．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.