PEBAX®2533/PSf中空纤维复合膜制备及阻力性能

采用浸渍涂层法制备了聚醚共聚酰胺(PEBAX®2533)/聚砜(PSf)中空纤维复合膜. 考察了涂层液浓度、 温度和基膜预处理对复合膜结构、 阻力及渗透性能的影响, 并考察了操作压力对膜渗透性能的影响. 实验结果表明, 随着涂层液浓度的增加, 复合膜致密层厚度及阻力增大, 复合膜总阻力及支撑层阻力先增大后减小, CO2渗透速率先减小后增大, 分离系数增大. 随着涂层温度升高, 复合膜致密层厚度及阻力减小, 支撑层阻力增大, 复合膜总阻力先减小后增大, 分离系数和渗透速率先增大后减小. 经过预处理, 复合膜致密层厚度减小、 阻力大幅度减小, CO2渗透速率增大58%, 分离系数略有下降. 复合膜支撑层阻力过大, 尤其是支撑层的致密结构影响复合膜的塑化行为.     

H2S/N2混合物在碳纳米管中吸附分离的分子模拟

采用巨正则Monte Carlo(GCMC)方法讨论了不同温度、压力及管径下,碳纳米管对H2S/N2混合物(主体相体积比为1∶99)的吸附分离选择性.结果表明,随着碳纳米管管径的增大,H2S的吸附选择性先增加后减小;而(11,0)碳纳米管(管径为0.86 nm)对H2S的选择性最高,这种选择性与管径的关系是由几何效应和能量效应共同决定的.针对(11,0)碳纳米管讨论了温度和压力对H2S吸附量和选择性的影响.模拟结果表明,随着温度上升,H2S的吸附量和选择性都呈先增加后减小的趋势;随着压力增加,H2S的吸附量和选择性都有所下降.本文模拟结果可为含硫气体混合物的吸附分离提供一定参考.     

聚酰亚胺6FDA-mPDA及其非对称中空纤维膜的气体渗透性能

用两步法制备了聚酰亚胺2,2＇-双（3,4-二羧酸苯基）六氟丙烷二酐（6FDA）-1,3-苯二胺（mPDA）．测定了聚合物致密膜的密度、自由体积分率和玻璃化转变温度．制备了不同干纺距离下具有超薄致密皮层的聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜．制备的中空纤维膜在25℃,0．5MPa下,O2的渗透速率为19．10GPU,O2／N2分离系数为5．99,CO2的渗透速率为106．34GPU,CO2／CH4的分离系数为82．00．致密皮层的厚度约为96nm．考察了操作温度对膜性能的影响,结果表明,随着温度的升高,膜的渗透速率增大,分离系数减小．物理老化对膜性能的实验结果表明,随着老化时间的增加,膜的渗透速率减小,分离系数增大．膜的致密层厚度影响膜的老化性能．     

催化裂解CH4制备碳纳米管的影响因素

以柠檬酸法制备的Fe-MgO、Co-MgO和Ni-MgO为催化剂,CH4为碳源气,H2为还原气,在873、973和1073 K制备出碳纳米管,通过TEM和拉曼光谱表征,讨论了催化剂、制备温度、反应时间等因素对碳纳米管形貌、产率和内部结构的影响.结果表明:不同的催化剂在相同的温度下制备的碳纳米管的形态和内部结构有很大的差异.其中Fe-MgO催化剂制备的碳纳米管管径粗,且大小不均匀,而Ni-MgO催化剂制备的碳纳米管管径较细、较均匀.碳纳米管的产率随着裂解温度的变化而改变.Fe-MgO催化剂制备碳纳米管的产率随制备温度的升高而提高,而Ni-MgO催化剂制备碳纳米管的产率随制备温度的升高而降低.Fe-MgO催化剂制备碳纳米管,在1073K甚至更高的制备温度才能达到其最高产率.Co-MgO催化剂制备碳纳米管的产率在973 K左右产率较高,而用Ni-MgO催化剂制备碳纳米管,则在873 K甚至更低的制备温度就能达到最高产率.反应时间与碳纳米管的产率不成正比,有一最佳反应时间,如Ni-MgO催化剂的最佳反应时间为2 h.     

含有聚醚链段的可溶性聚酰亚胺气体分离膜材料及其性能

将4,4'-六氟亚异丙基-邻苯二甲酸酐(6FDA)和1,3-苯二胺(mPDA)与二端氨基聚醚缩聚, 得到含有聚醚柔性链段的聚酰亚胺气体分离膜材料. 所合成的共聚聚酰亚胺在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和四氢呋喃(THF)等有机溶剂中具有良好的溶解性能. 研究了O2, N2, H2, CH4和CO2在聚酰亚胺均质膜中的渗透性能, 考察了二端氨基聚醚的含量、链长和化学结构对气体渗透性能的影响. 结果表明, 聚醚链段的引入增大了气体的扩散系数, 气体的渗透系数显著增大; 聚醚链段与CO2相对较强的相互作用, 增大了对CO2/N2的溶解选择性, CO2/N2的分离性能优于CO2/CH4, 同时CO2比H2优先透过膜.     

钴掺杂二氧化硅膜的制备、表征及氢气分离性能

采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和Co(NO3)2.6H2O为前驱体通过溶胶-凝胶法制备掺钴微孔二氧化硅膜,研究钴在二氧化硅膜材料中的存在状态、膜材料孔结构以及膜材料的气体渗透和分离性能。结果表明钴元素以Si-O-Co的形式存在于SiO2骨架之中,掺杂Co 10%的微孔SiO2膜具有典型的微孔结构,其孔体积为0.119 cm3·g-1,平均孔径在0.52 nm左右且孔径主要分布在0.4～0.55 nm之间。氢气在膜材料中的输运低温下遵循Knudsen扩散机理,高于100℃时遵循活化扩散机理,300℃时膜材料的H2渗透率达到6.41×10-7 mol.m-2.s-1.Pa-1,H2/CO2分离系数达到6.61,高于Knudsen扩散的理想分离系数。     

溶胶凝胶法合成聚酰亚胺二氧化钛杂化膜

溶胶凝胶法制备了负载型聚酰亚胺 二氧化钛杂化膜 ,采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、TG DTA、压汞法和气体渗透性能测试装置对膜材料的表面形貌、表面结构、热性能、孔径分布和气体渗透性能进行了表征 .结果表明 ,杂化膜材料形成了有机相包裹无机相的交联结构 ;聚酰亚胺与二氧化钛粒子形成了新型键联结构 ;其热分解温度随二氧化钛含量的增加而降低 ,在 4 5 0℃以下热稳定性优于聚酰亚胺膜材料 ;平均孔径随二氧化钛含量增大而增大 ,孔径分布趋于弥散 ;N2 、H2 和CO2 在膜内渗透由Knudsen扩散控制 ,H2 O N2 分离因子均大于Knudsen扩散值 ,表现出良好的亲水性 .     

Matrimid®5218/PSf双层非对称中空纤维膜的制备及其气体分离性能研究

以商业化聚酰亚胺Matrimid®5218作为功能层材料, 聚砜作为支撑层材料, 采用共挤出法制备双层非对称中空纤维气体分离膜. 所制备的双层非对称中空纤维膜具有致密无缺陷的超薄皮层, 致密皮层厚度约为0.21 μm. 在25 ℃, 0.5 MPa下, CO2/CH4的选择性系数达51.39, CO2的渗透系数为46.29 GPU, O2/N2的选择性系数达到7.13, O2的渗透速率为6.38 GPU. 考察了温度和压力对膜的渗透系数和选择性系数的影响, 并考察了物理老化对膜性能的影响.     

Matrimid5218/PSf双层非对称中空纤维膜的制备及其气体分离性能研究

以商业化聚酰亚胺Matrimid5218作为功能层材料,聚砜作为支撑层材料,采用共挤出法制备双层非对称中空纤维气体分离膜.所制备的双层非对称中空纤维膜具有致密无缺陷的超薄皮层,致密皮层厚度约为0.21μm.在25℃,0.5 MPa下,CO2/CH4的选择性系数达51.39,CO2的渗透系数为46.29 GPU,O2/N2的选择性系数达到7.13,O2的渗透速率为6.38 GPU.考察了温度和压力对膜的渗透系数和选择性系数的影响,并考察了物理老化对膜性能的影响.     

Pd修饰的选择分离氢的负载型PI-SiO2杂化膜的制备及应用

 以负载TiO2过渡层的硅藻土-莫来石陶瓷膜管为支撑体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了金属钯修饰的负载型聚酰亚胺-二氧化硅杂化膜(Pd-PI-SiO2). 利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和低温N2吸附等手段对膜材料结构、微观形貌及孔径分布等进行了表征,并对CH4, H2O, H2, CO2, CO和N2等气体进行了选择渗透性测试. 结果表明,杂化膜中聚酰亚胺与二氧化硅间形成了键联结构; 钯以还原后的金属态存在且分散均匀,能对聚酰亚胺-二氧化硅膜的孔结构起到修饰作用; 杂化膜孔径为 4 nm 左右; N2在此膜中的渗透通量为0.20×10-7 mol/(m2·Pa·s), H2/N2分离因子达542; 钯能够促使H2在膜渗透过程中按表面扩散机制进行,有助于分离混合气中的氢分子.     

Ni基催化剂上CH4裂解制备纳米碳管的研究

本文研究了负载型Ni催化剂上, 以CH4为原料制备纳米碳管的方法。考察了载体、温度、CH4浓度及在反应气中添加O2或CO2等因素对纳米碳管的生长的影响。实验发现, 采用稀释的CH4在较低的温度下反应或在反应气中添加O2或CO2均有利于纳米碳管的生长。     

Large-scale synthesis of perpendicularly aligned helical carbon nanotubes

Large-scale perpendicularly aligned helical carbon nanotube arrays were prepared by co-pyrolysis of Fe(CO)5 and pyridine onto the pristine quartz glass plates in a tube furnace at 900-1100 degrees C under a mixture flow of Ar and H2. The resultant aligned helical carbon nanotubes could not only facilitate the structure-property characterization for helical carbon nanotubes but also allow them to be effectively incorporated into devices for practical applications.     

CO selective methanation in hydrogen-rich gas mixtures over carbon nanotube supported Ru-based catalysts

Series of carbon nanotube supported Ru-based catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and applied successfully for complete removal of CO by CO selective methanation from H2-rich gas stream conducted in a fixed-bed quartz tubular reactor at ambient pressure.It was found that the metal promoter,reduction temperature and metal loading affected the catalytic properties significantly.The most excellent performance was presented by 30 wt% Ru-Zr/CNTs catalyst reduced at 350℃.Since it decreased CO concentration to below 10ppm from 12000ppm by CO selective methanation at the temperature range of 180-240℃,and kept CO selectivity higher than 85% at the temperature below 200℃.Characterization using XRD,TEM,H2-TPR and XPS suggests that Zr modification of Ru/CNTs results in the weakening of the interaction between Ru and CNTs,a higher Ru dispersion and the oxidization of surface Ru.Amorphous and high dispersed Ru particles with small size were obtained for 30 wt% Ru-Zr/CNTs catalyst reduced at 350℃,leading to excellent catalytic performance in CO selective methanation.     

Y型分支的碳纳米管的氧化铝模板法制备及其表征(英文)

利用两步氧化法,通过对氧化直流电压进行周期性调制可制备出带有Y型孔道的氧化铝模板;然后以金属钴为催化剂,乙炔为碳源,通过CVD法制取得到具有规则Y型分支的碳纳米管阵列.已制备出的碳管分支角度在20°～120°的范围内.实验表明,两段分支所成的角度以及分支的长度与合成氧化铝模板的脉冲电压调节规律有关,短脉冲,高氧化电压有利于生长出的短而密集的分支构型.     

Effect of support and reactant on the yield and structure of carbon growth by chemical vapor deposition

The effect of catalyst support and reactant on the yield and structure of carbon growth has been investigated in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Powder Fe and Fe/Al(2)O(3) were the catalysts studied, and CO/H(2), CO, CH(4), and C(2)H(6)/H(2) were used as gas precursors. Platelet and fishbone-tubular structures were produced on powder and supported Fe from CO/H(2), with average diameters of 115 and 45 nm and yields of 28.8 and 17.6 g of C/g of cat. in 8.5 h, respectively. Onionlike carbon was the main structure produced from pure CO on both catalysts. In contrast, from hydrocarbons the highest yield of 2.24 g of C/g of cat. was achieved on Fe/Al(2)O(3), with predominantly tubular structures produced and average tube diameters close to 21 nm. It is concluded that the reactivity and carbon nanostructures are dictated by the size and crystallographic orientation of the catalyst particles. It has been suggested that the tubular structures were grown by continuous carbon supply directly to the tube, but the fiber structures were grown in a layer-by-layer manner. Controlled synthesis of carbon nanotube, platelet nanofiber, fishbone-tubular nanofiber, and onionlike carbon with high selectivity and yield was demonstrated.     

碳纳米管负载纳米铂修饰电极及电催化氧化H2O2的研究

采用化学气相沉积法在碳纳米管(CNT)上负载Pt纳米颗粒,并制备了CNT-Pt修饰玻碳电极(CNT-Pt/GCE).研究了该修饰电极在磷酸缓冲液中对H2O2的电催化氧化作用以及实验条件的影响.计算了H2O2在CNT-Pt/GCE上的电极反应速率常数.结果表明,CNT-Pt/GCE对H2O2的电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用,电极反应速率常数比铂电极高约2.65倍.初步探讨了电催化氧化机理,为酶电化学传感器的研制提供了一条新的途径.     

Effects of Citric Acid Concentration and Activation Temperature on the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

A series of Ni-La-Mg catalyst samples were prepared by citric acid complex method, and carbonnanotubes were synthesized by catalytic decomposition of CH4 on these catalysts. The effects of the citricacid concentration and the activation temperature on catalytic activity were investigated by CO adsorption,TEM and XRD techniques. The experimental results showed that the particle size of the catalysts preparedthrough gel auto-combustion varied with the concentration of citric acid. Therefore carbon nanotubes with different diameters were obtained correspondingly. The effect of activation temperature on the activity of catalyst was negligible from 500 to 700℃, but it became pronounced at lower or higher temperatures.     

Preferential Oxidation of CO in Excess Hydrogen over CuO-CeO2 Catalyst Prepared by Chelating Method

The CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by chelating method has a superior catalytic performance for the preferential oxidation of CO in rich hydrogen, compared with the CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by coprecipitation method. The CO conversions over these catalysts, at 120℃and 120000 ml/(g-h) in the absence of CO2 and H2O, are 99.6% and 88.6%, respectively, and the selectivity of O2 over these catalysts is very close (i.e. 51.3% and 55.8%, respectively). The influence of certain factors such as hydrogen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, H2O, O2/CO ratios, and space velocity on the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by chelating method is also studied. The results show that the addition of hydrogen and H2O has a negative effect on the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalyst, however, the variation of space velocity and the O2/CO ratio causes a comparatively slight influence.     

CO_2捕集炭膜的前驱体结构设计及性能

从分子结构设计出发,合成了一系列新型刚性、高自由体积的聚酰亚胺炭膜前驱体,并制备了炭膜.采用热重分析(TGA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)研究了不同聚酰亚胺前驱体的热分解特性及在热解炭化过程中化学结构、微结构的变化规律;测试了所制备炭膜的气体分离性能.结果表明,前驱体的自由体积分数显著影响炭膜的气体分离性能;聚合物结构越具刚性,自由体积越大,所得炭膜结构越疏松,极微孔道尺寸越大,越有利于气体分子在炭膜极微孔道中的渗透、扩散与传输.其中,刚性大体积基团芴基、酚酞cardo基团和六氟异丙基的引入能有效破坏分子链间的堆积,提高聚合物的自由体积,所形成炭膜的结构较疏松,均表现出优异的气体渗透性和分离选择性,超越了Robeson上限,解决了传统炭膜气体渗透性能低的问题.特别是采用羟基官能化聚酰亚胺前驱体制备的炭膜在保持较高气体分离选择性的同时,CO_2气体的渗透性高达24770 Barrer(1 Barrer≈7.5×10-18m2·s-1·Pa-1),可实现对CO_2的有效分离和捕集,展现出良好的商业化应用前景.