共聚聚酰亚胺膜材料的合成及其气体渗透性能研究

以2,2′-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐(6FDA)作为二酐单体,1,3-苯二胺(mPDA)和2,6-二氨基甲苯(2,6-DAT)为二胺单体,采用溶液共缩聚方法合成了一系列新型共聚聚酰亚胺(6FDA-2,6-DAT/mPDA),该类聚合物均能溶于DMF、DMAc、NMP等极性非质子溶剂中,具有较好的成膜性.测试了H2、N2、O2、CH4、CO25种气体在6FDA-2,6-DAT/mPDA共聚聚酰亚胺致密膜中的渗透性能.结果显示,该系列共聚物具有优异的分离性能.在35℃,0.2 MPa下,H2/N2、O2/N2、CO2/CH4的分离性能均接近或突破Robeson上限.     

含聚醚链段聚酰亚胺膜的制备及气体分离性能

利用均苯四甲酸二酐（PMDA）与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚（ODA）和聚醚胺（PPO, Mn～2000）共聚合,合成聚酰胺酸前驱体,经热处理得到一系列含PPO链段的聚酰亚胺薄膜.研究了PPO链段的引入对薄膜结构及气体分离性能的影响.结果表明,在芳香族聚酰亚胺中引入柔性链段PPO有利于气体分子的传输.得益于PPO链段在分离膜内部形成的微相分离结构,气体分子在分离膜内的扩散系数随PPO含量的增加显著提升.当PPO含量为65 wt%时,PPO链段在分离膜内仍呈现非晶相,CO₂渗透系数高达131.61 Barrer,比PMDA/ODA均聚聚酰亚胺薄膜提高22倍.同时,得益于聚醚链段对CO₂独特的亲和作用,随着PPO含量的提高,分离膜对CO₂/N₂的分离系数由18.77提高至30.12.结果表明PPO链段的引入对于调控聚酰亚胺膜的结构和气体分离性能具有重要作用.     

聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化膜的制备、表征和气体渗透性能

采用溶胶凝胶法,在以TiO2为过渡层的硅藻土-莫来石陶瓷膜管基底上,制备了组分不同的聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化膜。聚酰亚胺是利用4,4′-六氟亚异丙基邻苯二甲酸酐、2,4,6-三甲基-1,3-苯二胺和3,5-二氨基苯甲酸在溶液中进行亚胺化完成的。采用FT-IR、TG/DTA、DSC、SEM、BET和气体渗透测定对膜进行了表征和测试。结果表明,聚酰亚胺通过支链上的羧酸基和SiO2相键连织构成了具有规则孔道的空间网状结构,并且随着SiO2含量的增加孔径逐渐减小;杂化膜具有较高的热稳定性和有机无机兼容性;相对于聚酰亚胺膜,杂化膜对H2、CO2和H2O与N2相比较具有较高的分离性,SiO2含量为25(wt)%的杂化膜对H2/N2、CO2/N2和H2O/N2的分离因子分别达到55.9、31.1和42.8。     

溶胶凝胶法合成聚酰亚胺二氧化钛杂化膜

溶胶凝胶法制备了负载型聚酰亚胺 二氧化钛杂化膜 ,采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、TG DTA、压汞法和气体渗透性能测试装置对膜材料的表面形貌、表面结构、热性能、孔径分布和气体渗透性能进行了表征 .结果表明 ,杂化膜材料形成了有机相包裹无机相的交联结构 ;聚酰亚胺与二氧化钛粒子形成了新型键联结构 ;其热分解温度随二氧化钛含量的增加而降低 ,在 4 5 0℃以下热稳定性优于聚酰亚胺膜材料 ;平均孔径随二氧化钛含量增大而增大 ,孔径分布趋于弥散 ;N2 、H2 和CO2 在膜内渗透由Knudsen扩散控制 ,H2 O N2 分离因子均大于Knudsen扩散值 ,表现出良好的亲水性 .     

Pd修饰的选择分离氢的负载型PI-SiO2杂化膜的制备及应用

 以负载TiO2过渡层的硅藻土-莫来石陶瓷膜管为支撑体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了金属钯修饰的负载型聚酰亚胺-二氧化硅杂化膜(Pd-PI-SiO2). 利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和低温N2吸附等手段对膜材料结构、微观形貌及孔径分布等进行了表征,并对CH4, H2O, H2, CO2, CO和N2等气体进行了选择渗透性测试. 结果表明,杂化膜中聚酰亚胺与二氧化硅间形成了键联结构; 钯以还原后的金属态存在且分散均匀,能对聚酰亚胺-二氧化硅膜的孔结构起到修饰作用; 杂化膜孔径为 4 nm 左右; N2在此膜中的渗透通量为0.20×10-7 mol/(m2·Pa·s), H2/N2分离因子达542; 钯能够促使H2在膜渗透过程中按表面扩散机制进行,有助于分离混合气中的氢分子.     

一种可溶性聚酰亚胺的合成与性能研究

选用三苯二醚四酸二酐 (HQDPA)和二甲基二苯甲烷二胺 (DMMDA)为单体 ,在NMP中通过低温溶液缩聚 化学亚胺化法合成了高分子量可溶性聚醚酰亚胺PI(HQDPA DMMDA) .通过FT IR、WAXD、TG DTG以及DSC等手段对聚酰亚胺的结构和性能进行了表征 .结果表明 ,合成的PI为无规高分子结构 ,平均分子链间距为 0 5 16 3nm ;易溶于N 甲基吡咯烷酮、N ,N 二甲基乙酰胺和四氢呋喃等极性溶剂中 ;其 10 %的分解温度为5 2 8℃ ,玻璃化转变温度Tg 为 2 5 1℃ ;断裂伸长率为 2 4 % ,断裂强度为 10 7MPa ;2 5℃时 ,PI均质膜的透H2 系数为 3 80 9Barrer ,H2 N2 、H2 CH4 的理想分离系数为 16 6 9、2 14 0 ;其透N2 、O2 、CO2 和CH4 系数均在 0 0 18～0 5 76Barrer之间     

聚酰亚胺6FDA-mPDA及其非对称中空纤维膜的气体渗透性能

用两步法制备了聚酰亚胺2,2＇-双（3,4-二羧酸苯基）六氟丙烷二酐（6FDA）-1,3-苯二胺（mPDA）．测定了聚合物致密膜的密度、自由体积分率和玻璃化转变温度．制备了不同干纺距离下具有超薄致密皮层的聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜．制备的中空纤维膜在25℃,0．5MPa下,O2的渗透速率为19．10GPU,O2／N2分离系数为5．99,CO2的渗透速率为106．34GPU,CO2／CH4的分离系数为82．00．致密皮层的厚度约为96nm．考察了操作温度对膜性能的影响,结果表明,随着温度的升高,膜的渗透速率增大,分离系数减小．物理老化对膜性能的实验结果表明,随着老化时间的增加,膜的渗透速率减小,分离系数增大．膜的致密层厚度影响膜的老化性能．     

低共熔溶剂中原位合成ZIF-8膜及其气体分离性能

在α-氧化铝载体上,采用原位合成法,在尿素/氯化胆碱低共熔溶剂中合成了ZIF-8膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合成的ZIF-8膜进行了表征。考察了反应溶液浓度、降温速率对ZIF-8膜合成的影响。通过优化合成条件合成了表面平整致密,厚度为8 μm的ZIF-8膜。采用Wicke-Kallenbach技术对优化条件下合成的ZIF-8膜进行了单组分气体渗透和双组分混合气体分离性能表征。在室温(293 K)下,ZIF-8膜对H2/CO2、H2/O2、H2/N2、H2/CH4双组分气体的分离系数分别为7.4、5.2、9.1、13.8,均大于相应的努森扩散分离系数,说明合成的ZIF-8膜具有分子筛分性能。     

含叔丁基聚酰亚胺均质膜的气体分离性能

采用高温“一步法”缩聚合成了一系列含叔丁基的可溶性芳香聚酰亚胺树脂, 然后通过溶液浇注法制得相应均质薄膜, 并对其气体分离性能进行了测试, 同时研究了二酐结构和温度对聚酰亚胺均质膜气体分离性能的影响. 结果表明, 对于H₂, N₂, O₂, CO₂和CH₄ 等5种气体, 含叔丁基聚酰亚胺均质膜不仅表现出良好的透气性, 而且具有较高的气体透过选择性, 4,4'-(六氟异丙烯)二酞酸酐(6FDA)和均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)两类聚酰亚胺均质膜的气体分离性能最佳. 除CO₂外, 这两类聚酰亚胺均质膜的气体渗透系数随温度升高而升高, 而所有测试气体在这两种均质膜中的扩散系数和溶解度系数均随温度升高而增大.     

Matrimid5218/PSf双层非对称中空纤维膜的制备及其气体分离性能研究

以商业化聚酰亚胺Matrimid5218作为功能层材料,聚砜作为支撑层材料,采用共挤出法制备双层非对称中空纤维气体分离膜.所制备的双层非对称中空纤维膜具有致密无缺陷的超薄皮层,致密皮层厚度约为0.21μm.在25℃,0.5 MPa下,CO2/CH4的选择性系数达51.39,CO2的渗透系数为46.29 GPU,O2/N2的选择性系数达到7.13,O2的渗透速率为6.38 GPU.考察了温度和压力对膜的渗透系数和选择性系数的影响,并考察了物理老化对膜性能的影响.     

端噁唑啉聚醚对环氧树脂的固化与增韧作用的研究

用IR、DSC等分析方法研究了端2-噁唑啉聚环氧丙烷(活性聚醚)与环氧树脂的固化反应,对固化机理作了讨论。并考察了不同分子量活性聚醚对环氧树脂的增韧作用。结果表明,此活性聚醚对环氧树脂增韧效果明显,固化树脂综合性能较好。     

多嵌段聚醚氨酯脲为基质的新型高分子固态离子导体

本文合成了一系列聚乙二醇型多嵌段聚醚氨酯脲，而且用这类聚醚氨酯甩与高氯酸锂制得了一种新型的高分子固态离子导体复合物。在室温和50℃之间，其电导率比聚环氧乙烷为基质的固体电解质的高一到二个数量级，它还具有优良的综合性能。因此，对于室温薄膜蓄电池来说，这种新型的固体电解质是一类良好的候选材料。     

CO2 permeation properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-based segmented block copolymers

This paper discusses the gas permeation properties of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based segmented block copolymers containing monodisperse amide segments. These monodisperse segments give rise to a well phase-separated morphology, comprising a continuous PEO phase with dispersed crystallised amide segments. The influence of the polyether phase composition and of the temperature on the permeation properties of various gases (i.e., CO₂, N₂, He, CH₄, O₂ and H₂) as well as on the pure gas selectivities were studied in the temperature range of −5 °C to 75 °C. The CO₂ permeability increased strongly with PEO concentration, and this effect could partly be explained by the dispersed hard segment concentration and partly by the changing chain flexibility. By decreasing the PEO melting temperature the low temperature permeabilities were improved. The gas transport values were dependant on both the dispersed hard segment concentration and the polyether segment length (length between crosslinks). The gas selectivities were dependant on the polyether segment length and thus the chain flexibility.     

Synthesis and properties of segmented block copolymers based on mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) segments

The synthesis and characterisation of segmented block copolymers based on mixtures of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) and hydrophobic poly(tetramethylene oxide) polyether segments and monodisperse crystallisable bisester tetra-amide segments are reported. The PEO length was varied from 600 to 8000 g/mol and the PTMO length was varied from 650 to 2900 g/mol. The influence of the polyether phase composition on the thermal mechanical and the elastic properties of the resulting copolymers was studied.The use of high melting monodisperse tetra-amide segments resulted in a fast and almost complete crystallisation of the rigid segment. The copolymers had only one polyether glass transition temperature, which suggests that the amorphous polyether segments were homogenously mixed. Thermal analysis of the copolymers showed one polyether melting temperature that was lower than in the case of ideal co-crystallisation between the two polyether segments. However, at PEO or PTMO lengths larger than 2000 g/mol two polyether melting temperatures were observed. The copolymer with the best low temperature properties was based on a mixture of PEO and PTMO segments, both having a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol, at a weight ratio of 30/70.     

聚醚聚氨酯-聚醚聚酰亚胺合金相结构的研究

通过不同分子量的对－氨基苯甲酸酯封端的聚（四次亚甲基）醚和均苯甲甲酸二酐反应,合成了聚醚聚酰胺酸;然后以不同重量比将聚醚聚氨酯和聚醚聚酰胺酸溶液混合反应亚胺化,制备了一系列不同硬段含量的聚醚聚氨酯－聚醚聚酰亚胺合金。用傅立叶变换红外光谱、动态力学分析、示差扫描量热、广角Ｘ－衍射、应力应变试验等分析测试方法对合金进行了研究,结果表明聚醚聚氨酯－聚醚聚酰亚胺合金具有很好的相分离结构,是一类新型耐高温、有韧性的热塑性弹性体。聚醚分子量相同的聚氨酯和聚酰亚胺形成的合金软段相容,合金具有两相结构;聚醚分子量不同的聚氨酯和聚酰亚胺形成的合金软段存在相分离,合金具有三相结构,表现在材料外观上分别为透明不透明的韧性膜,少量聚酰亚胺的掺入,能大大增加材料的耐热性能,而合金的材料力学性能没有明显变化。     

Properties of ABA and BA polysiloxane amphiphiles modified by polyether

To investigate the effect of content of polyether (F400) grafted on the properties of polysiloxane amphiphiles, polyether was grafted on the polysiloxane by hydrosilylation reaction with H₂PtCl₆ catalyst. The modified polysiloxanes were divided into two types; moreover, the ratio of polyether and polysiloxane was 1:1 or 1:2. The first one was similar to the conventional surfactant structure that is BA polysiloxane amphiphile, which own one hydrophobic chain and one hydrophilic group. Another one was ABA polysiloxane amphiphile, which possess one hydrophobic chain and two hydrophilic groups at the terminal. In our work, we compared the property of modified polysiloxanes with various contents of polyether in aqueous solution at room temperature to analyze the impact of polyether content on siloxane surfactants. The conclusion was that siloxane amphiphiles possess good solubility, high surface activity, and excellent spreading property.     

聚碳酸酯聚氨酯弹性体的模拟生物老化性能的研究

研究了聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的水解剂，氧化，钙化等生物老化性能，并与聚醚聚氨酯样品做了比较，结果表明，胺扩链样品具有较好的耐水解性能，聚碳酸酯氨酯的抗氧化性能优于聚醚聚氨酯，同了聚醚氨酯一样，聚碳酸酯聚氨酯同样受钙的影响，含水氯化钙对聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的相结构产生影响，并对弹性具有增强作用。     

Mechanical properties of amphiphilic urethane acrylate ionomer hydrogels having heterophasic gel structure

Amphiphilic urethane acryale hydrogels containing ionic groups (dimethylolpropionic acid) were prepared by varying the molecular weight of the soft segment (polyether type) and the type of diisocyanate, and their mechanical properties were examined. They showed heterophasic gel structure composed of ionic hard domains induced by aggregation of the ionic groups and polyether soft domains comprising the urethane acrylate network. This heterophasic structure could be confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and by wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis (WAXS); the crystallinity detected by WAXS and the transition peak of the ionic hard domains detected by DMA strongly suggested that there were ionic aggregates. These ionic aggregates acted as reinforcing fillers in the network, which eventually enhanced the tensile strength of the hydrogels. Above all, the tensile properties of the hydrogels were of interest in that the trends of the stress-strain curves were consistent with the rubbery ones. It is believed that the higher purity of the polyether soft domains resulted from the heterophasic gel structure imparting further elastomeric properties on the network. Received: 31 July 1998 Accepted in revised form: 15 October 1998     

Hydrophilicity Modification of Addition-cured Room Temperature Vulcanization Silicone Rubber

Allyl terminated polyether was used to improve the hydrophilicity of addition-cured room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber. With the increasing of the polyether, both the hydrophilicity and water absorbed of the vulcanizates were increased. The mechanical properties were also improved by adding the polyether. The result showed that 1.5wt% of the polyether provided the silicone rubber with proper hydrophilicity.     

SYNTHESES OF POLYSTYRENE RESINS CONTAINING POLYETHER OLIGOMERS AND THEIR EXTRACTION FOR GOLD (Ⅲ)*

Three polystyrene resins containing polyether oligomers as extractants were synthesized andtheir extraction properties were studied. Gold (III) ion could be extracted rapidly by the resins(T_(1/2),相似文献