十聚钨酸盐催化环己醇制备环己酮工艺研究

合成新型N-甲基吗啉十聚钨酸盐[Mor1,2]4W10O32,对其进行提纯、表征和催化性能研究。催化体系是以[Mor1,2]4W10O32为催化剂,30%H2O2为氧化剂,催化氧化环己醇制备环己酮。考察催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、反应温度变化和反应时间变化对环己酮产率的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:反应温度80℃、环己醇用量5mmol、催化剂用量30μmol、氧化剂H2O2用量12.5 mmol,反应时间6小时,此时环己酮产率可达到96%。     

离子液体热合成磷仲钨酸铯杂多酸盐催化环己醇制备环己酮

采用离子液体热合成法合成新型磷仲钨酸铯杂多酸盐Cs_3PW_(12)0_(40)’系列催化剂并对其物化性能进行了表征.同时以Cs_3PW_(12)0_(40)’-80(简称CsPW’-80)为催化剂, 30%H_2O_2为氧化剂,乙腈为溶剂,以氧化环己醇合成环己酮为催化剂性能测试反应进行催化性能评估.考察了合成催化剂溶剂离子液体占比、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、反应温度以及反应时间对催化性能的影响.实验结果表明:在合成催化剂离子液体占比为80%、乙腈溶剂5 mL、氧化剂与反应物n(30%H_2O_2)/n(cyclohexanol)=4、反应温度70℃、反应时间8 h的最优条件下,环己醇转化率为100%,环己酮的选择性为98.46%,环己酮总收率达到98.46%.     

GoAggⅡ体系催化氧化环己烷为环己酮

研究了Gif体系成员之一GoAggⅡ体系催化氧化环己烷为环己酮的反应.考察了催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、溶剂配比、反应温度和反应时间等对产率的影响.最佳反应条件为:1 40 mmol,催化剂[NH4Fe(SO4)2]1mmol,氧化剂[30%H2O2]80 mmol,溶剂[y(吡啶):V(乙酸)=5.6:1.0]33 mL,于40℃反应16 h.在此条件下,收率达10.33%,n(环己酮):n(环己醇)=5.61.     

离子液体相转移催化环己醇氧化制备环己酮

以不同种类的离子液体作为相转移催化剂,用双氧水作为氧化剂,Na2WO4·2H2O为催化剂,在适当的反应条件下,能有效进行相转移催化环己醇氧化制备环己酮.实验结果表明,采用酸性离子液体[C16mim]HSO4和[C14mim]HSO4相转移催化合成环己酮,可提高环己酮的产率,具有反应条件温和、操作简便、需用时间短、相转移催化剂可以循环使用等优点.在反应温度为90℃,反应时间为50min条件下,环己醇的转化率高达100%,选择性99%以上.     

无溶剂合成1,3,5-三芳基-2-芳酰基环己醇衍生物和晶体结构

在NaOH存在下室温研磨查尔酮与丙二腈,可以有效地得到1,3,5-三芳基-2-芳酰基环己醇衍生物,本合成方法反应时间短、操作简单、产率高,符合绿色化学特点.产物结构经过红外、核磁、元素分析和高分辨质谱确证,并对3b做了单晶衍射测定.     

环己酮合成实验的改进

对环己酮的合成实验进行了改进。以WO3为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂、四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）为相转移催化剂,催化氧化环己醇制备环己酮。确定了催化剂、氧化剂和相转移催化剂的用量,并研究了反应温度和时间等条件对反应的影响。     

活性炭负载单质碘催化环己醇脱水制环己烯

以活性炭负载单质碘为催化剂,环己醇脱水制备环己烯.考察了I2负载量、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对脱水反应的影响,以及催化剂的重复使用性能.较适宜的反应条件为:I2负载量为23.8%,环己醇20 mL,催化剂4 g,于185 ℃反应2 h,产率达70.2 %.催化剂可重复使用.     

己二酸绿色合成新途径

己二酸是合成纤维的重要原料 .己二酸的工业生产过程大都采用环己酮和环己醇的硝酸氧化法 ,因而造成了严重的环境问题 .尽管可对Ｎ2 Ｏ进行有效的回收和利用[1],但其年排放量仍达到 4 0万吨[2 ].因此 ,增加化学反应过程的选择性 ,最大限度利用初始原料 ,用催化剂代替传统工业上使用的有毒或有腐蚀性的化学计量反应试剂以及使最终反应产物更加容易分离是绿色合成技术的主要目标[3].烃类选择性氧化的传统氧化剂为Ｋ2 Ｃｒ2 Ｏ7,ＫＭｎＯ4,ＨＮＯ3,ＮａＯＣｌ等 ,该类氧化剂已逐步被清洁氧化剂所取代[4 9].Ｎｏｙｏｒｉ等[10 ]以Ｎａ2 ＷＯ4·2…     

APS/NaClO 复合氧化剂对乳液法合成聚苯胺的微观形貌及其电化学性能的影响

采用乳液法, 以过硫酸铵(APS)和次氯酸钠(NaClO)为复合氧化剂合成导电聚苯胺(PANI). 考察了NaClO 的加入与否对PANI 微观形貌与电化学性能(循环伏安和电导率)的影响, 以及APS、乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和NaClO的用量对PANI 电化学性能的影响. 结果表明: NaClO 的加入对PANI 的微观取向结构具有重要的影响. 与采用单一APS 合成的PANI 相比, 复合氧化剂合成的PANI 具有较高的循环伏安峰电流以及更加优异的电导率(约为前者的2.6倍). 当苯胺(An)与APS 的物质的量比(n_An:n_APS )为8:7, An 与SDBS 的物质的量比(n_An:n_SDBS )为10:4, NaClO 用量为5%(质量分数)时, PANI 的各项性能指标达到最好; 紫外可见光谱和红外光谱的表征结果表明, 采用复合氧化剂并未对PANI 的分子结构产生明显的影响.     

铁(Ⅲ)的氮杂环配合物的合成、结构及对环己烷氧化的催化性能

制备了铁氮杂环配合物[Fe(H2L)2]·(CH3COO)2·(OH)·H2O(H2L=2,6-二(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)吡啶),通过元素分析、X射线粉末衍射和X射线单晶结构分析等技术手段表征了它的结构。 将其用于液相环己烷的催化氧化,系统研究了H2O2用量、HNO3用量、水量、反应时间和温度等对中间活性物种环己基过氧化氢(C6H11OOH) 的生成和分解的影响,探讨了反应机理。 结果表明,H2O2是氧化环己烷为C6H11OOH的主要氧化剂;硝酸对此过程没有氧化作用,但能大幅度提高C6H11OOH分解成环己醇(酮)的分解速率。 H2O会抑制中间物种C6H11OOH的生成和分解,而降低催化剂的比活性。 在不同反应阶段,C6H11OOH和环己醇(酮)的生成速率不同。 升温能促进C6H11OOH的分解速率,而有利于环己醇(酮)的生成。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。