基于目标物调控原位生成量子点的杀扑磷荧光传感新方法研究

基于目标物调控原位生成荧光物质,建立了硫化镉量子点(CdS QDs)介导的荧光传感器,实现了大米中有机磷农药杀扑磷的高灵敏、高选择性分析检测.乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)催化水解硫代乙酰胆碱(ATCh)生成硫代胆碱(TCh),其作为稳定剂诱导原位生成大量CdS QDs,体系荧光信号增强.当目标农药杀扑磷存在时,AChE活性...     

用乙酰胆碱酯酶和硫代黄素T体系的荧光猝灭测定有机磷农药

在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,硫代黄素T与乙酰胆碱酯酶相互作用,酶的内源荧光被硫代黄素T猝灭,而在490nm处产生硫代黄素T的特征荧光发射峰.在该体系中加入有机磷农药对氧磷后,硫代黄素T的特征荧光峰被猝灭,荧光猝灭强度△F与对氧磷浓度C px存在线性关系,其线性浓度范围为O.20～2.40mg/L,回归方程为△F=0.041C px(μg/L) 84.17,相关系数为0.9984,检出限(3σ)为7.87μg/L.对检测原理的探讨表明,硫代黄素T使乙酰胆碱酯酶内源荧光静态猝灭,二者形成了超分子复合物,产生了特征荧光峰;但是,有机磷农药对氧磷可破坏此复合物,因而硫代黄素T的特征荧光峰被猝灭.相比利用酶的抑制原理来检测农药残留的方法,该方法具有简便、快速、不需要消耗酶的底物的优点.     

检测有机磷神经毒剂及模拟物的荧光探针

有机磷神经毒剂是一类具有极大杀伤力的化学毒剂,这类有机磷酸盐通过破坏人体内的神经递质乙酰胆碱酯酶麻痹人的中枢神经,很小的剂量就可致人死亡,因此对有机磷神经毒剂进行快速简便地检测具有重要意义。荧光化学传感具有灵敏度高、选择性好和响应时间短等优点,近些年来应用荧光传感方法对有机磷神经毒剂及其模拟物的检测越来越受到研究人员的关注。本篇综述对荧光传感的原理做了简要介绍,综述了近年来国内外研究者开发的各种用于有机磷神经毒剂及其模拟物检测的荧光新材料与新方法,并对荧光传感方法应用于有机磷神经毒剂检测的未来进行了展望。     

Au掺杂Fe3O4纳米粒子酶传感器的制备及其应用于有机磷农药检测的研究

合成了金掺杂的四氧化三铁纳米粒子(Au-Fe₃O₄), 以壳聚糖为交联剂, 制备了电流型乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)生物传感器, 并将其应用于有机磷农药(OPs)的检测. 实验表明, Au-Fe₃O₄纳米粒子具有良好的生物兼容性, 能够有效地促进电子传递, 修饰了Au-Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的酶传感器, 响应速度快, 检测灵敏度高, 稳定性好; 固定在传感器上的乙酰胆碱酯酶有良好的酶动力学响应, 其表观米氏常数( )为10.3 mmol/L. 利用有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用, 以硫代乙酰胆碱(ATCh)为底物, 对有机磷农药敌敌畏进行了检测, 检测限达到4.0×10^－13 mol/L.     

基于乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制的有机磷农药生物传感器研究进展

有机磷农药(OPs)残留可通过食物链在生物体内富集,从而对自然生态和人类健康带来极大威胁.用于检测有机磷农药的传统分析方法(如高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法)具有响应时间较长、成本较高以及检测程序复杂等局限.近年来,生物传感因具有专一性强、速度快、准确度高等优势被广泛用于分析领域.而利用乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)作为识别元件...     

吖啶橙-十二烷基苯磺酸钠-有机磷农药体系的荧光反应及分析应用

在pH 6.20的KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液中,吖啶橙(AO)与一定浓度的十二烷基苯磺酸(SDBS)发生荧光增强反应,当在该体系中加入有机磷农药后,在λex=494 nm处荧光强度明显下降,其降低程度与有机磷农药的加入量呈良好的线性关系,线性范围和检出限分别为0.020~0.28 mg/L、0.020 mg/L。据此建立了测定有机磷农药残留总量的新方法。该方法用于大米和土壤中有机磷农药残留总量的检测,回收率在92.1%~96.8%之间,RSD在2.8%~4.3%之间。     

荧光法快速检测有机磷农药残留总量

在pH4.60的B-R缓冲溶液中,中性红(NR)与一定浓度的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)发生荧光增强反应,在该体系中加入有机磷农药后,在激发波长560 nm,发射波长604 nm处体系的荧光强度明显降低,且降低程度与有机磷农药的加入量呈良好的线性关系,其线性范围和检出限分别为0.024~0.40 mg/L,0.014 mg/L。据此建立了测定有机磷农药残留总量的新方法。方法已用于面粉和土壤中有机磷农药残留总量的检测,回收率在92.0%~100.5%之间,RSD在1.1~1.9%之间。     

食品安全快速检测技术获进展

<正>美国《公共科学图书馆-综合》在线报道了乙酰胆碱酯酶酵母表面展示系统的构建及其在有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留快速检测中的应用。该成果由中科院上海生科院营养所王慧研究组完成,系统核心技术已获中国发明专利授权,研发的检测试剂盒即将在上海开展示范应用。有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂是我国使用的主要农药品种之一,也是造成农产品污染最严重的农     

金-乙酰胆碱酯酶纳米复合物膜电化学检测有机磷农药

本文构建了一种基于界面法合成的金-乙酰胆碱酯酶(Au-AChE)纳米复合膜,并用于电化学检测有机磷农药.固定于电极表面的Au-AChE纳米复合膜中的AChE催化氯化乙酰胆碱(ATCl)水解生成硫代胆碱,硫代胆碱在特定电位下产生氧化峰电流.有机磷农药对AChE有抑制作用,当溶液中有机磷农药增多时,AChE催化ATCl水解生成硫代胆碱量减少,氧化峰电流下降.在最佳条件下,传感器用于甲胺磷检测的线性范围为0.005~5,5~100μg/mL,最低检出限为0.0011μg/mL,并显示出良好的稳定性与重现性,可用于实际样品中甲胺磷的检测.研究表明,界面法合成的金膜能有效固定AChE,并可拓展到其他生物分子的固定,以期构建不同的生物传感器.     

荧光法测定有机磷农药残留总量及其分析应用

在pH 6.20的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,4,5-二溴荧光素(R)与一定浓度的溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)反应,使其荧光强度剧增,当在R-CTMAB体系中加入有机磷农药后,体系的荧光强度明显降低,且降低程度与有机磷农药的加入量呈良好的线性关系,据此建立了测定有机磷农药残留总量的新方法.在优化实验条件下,线性范围为0.05～0.88 mg/L,检出限为0.041 mg/L.已用于大米、面粉和土壤中有机磷农药残留总量的检测,回收率在87.5%～95.7%之间,相对标准偏差为1.5%～2.3%,符合农药残留量分析的要求.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。