基于目标物调控原位生成量子点的杀扑磷荧光传感新方法研究

基于目标物调控原位生成荧光物质,建立了硫化镉量子点(CdS QDs)介导的荧光传感器,实现了大米中有机磷农药杀扑磷的高灵敏、高选择性分析检测.乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)催化水解硫代乙酰胆碱(ATCh)生成硫代胆碱(TCh),其作为稳定剂诱导原位生成大量CdS QDs,体系荧光信号增强.当目标农药杀扑磷存在时,AChE活性...     

农药敌磺钠与吖黄素的荧光猝灭反应及其分析应用

在pH=5.4的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中,农药敌磺钠(FM)与吖黄素(AF)相互作用,形成离子缔合物,导致吖黄素溶液的荧光猝灭。 当分别于最大激发波长和最大发射波长(λex/λem)451 nm/508 nm测量时,荧光猝灭值(ΔF)与敌磺钠浓度在0.16~5.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.048 mg/L。 据此建立了一种测定敌磺钠的荧光分析新方法。 该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、选择性好,用于敌磺钠农药以及土壤中敌磺钠残留检测,结果满意。 还研究了反应体系的荧光特性,并结合量子化学AM1计算对荧光猝灭机理进行了讨论。     

头孢噻肟钠与吖黄素的荧光猝灭反应及其分析应用

在pH 2.1~4.1的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中,头孢噻肟钠(CFTM)与吖黄素(AF)形成1∶1的离子缔合物,导致吖黄素溶液荧光猝灭。当分别于最大激发和最大发射波长(λex/λem=266 nm/506 nm)进行测量时,荧光猝灭值(ΔF)与CFTM浓度在一定范围呈良好的线性关系。该方法灵敏度高,测定CFTM的线性范围和检出限分别为0.07~5.0 mg/L和0.021 mg/L。考察了体系的荧光光谱特征、适宜的反应条件和共存物质的影响,讨论了离子缔合物的组成。基于离子缔合反应,发展了测定CFTM的高灵敏、简便、快速的新方法,将其用于血清和尿液中CFTM的测定,结果满意。     

荧光光谱研究喹诺酮抗菌素与过氧化氢酶的相互作用

应用荧光光谱法研究了水溶液中喹诺酮抗菌素氧氟沙星、环丙沙星与过氧化氢酶分子间的结合反应。结果表明：药物对过氧化物酶的内源荧光有较强的猝灭作用,形成复合物所产生的静态猝灭是引起过氧化氢酶荧光猝灭的主要原因。进一步依据荧光猝灭结果确定了药物－酶复合物的形成常数和结合位点数。     

丝裂霉素C、阿霉素与过氧化氢酶的相互作用

用荧光光谱法研究了水溶液中抗癌药物丝裂霉素C、阿霉素与过氧化氢酶分子间的结合反应。结果表明：药物对过氧化氢酶的内源荧光有较强的猝灭作用，形成复合物所产生的静态猝灭是引起过氧化氢酶荧光猝灭的主要原因。进一步依据荧光猝灭结果确定了药物-酶复合物的形成常数。     

头孢曲松钠与吖黄素的荧光猝灭反应及其分析应用

在pH值2.09~5.02的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中,头孢曲松钠(CTRX)与吖黄素(AF)形成1∶1的离子缔合物,导致吖黄素溶液荧光猝灭。 当分别于最大激发和最大发射(λex/λem)266 nm/506 nm进行测量时,荧光猝灭值(ΔF)与CTRX浓度在一定范围呈良好的线性关系。 该方法灵敏度高,测定CTRX的线性范围和检出限分别为0.056~5.0 mg/L和0.016 mg/L。 研究了体系的荧光光谱特征、适宜的反应条件和共存物质的影响,讨论了离子缔合物的组成,基于离子缔合物反应,发展了测定CTRX的高灵敏、简便和快速的新方法,用于血清和尿液中CTRX的测定,结果令人满意。     

荧光光谱法研究黄藤素与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱、紫外光谱法研究了中药黄藤素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。实验结果表明,黄藤素与BSA形成基态复合物导致BSA内源荧光猝灭,猝灭机理主要为静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移。测定该反应的表观结合常数KA为1.650×105L.mol-1、结合位点数n为1.502;根据F rster能量转移理论,测得供体与受体间结合距离r为2.801 nm和能量转移效率E为0.190。     

乙酰胆碱酯酶催化水解产物的电化学行为

报道了乙酰硫代胆碱水解产物硫代胆碱在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。以乙酰硫代胆碱作底物,在一定条件下乙酰胆碱酯酶催化底物水解,生成电活性物质硫代胆碱。利用循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法研究了酶催化水解产物硫代胆碱在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:在0.1mol/L的B-R缓冲溶液(pH7.0)中,硫代胆碱有一灵敏的氧化峰,峰电位EP=0.32V(vs.SCE);该体系属具有吸附性的不可逆过程。实验测得电子转移数为2,电极反应速率常数k=0.29s-1。     

Tb3+-钛铁试剂络合物荧光猝灭法测定含磷酸基辅酶

含磷酸基辅酶磷酸吡哆醛(PALP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤磷酸二核苷酸(NADP)、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)可显著猝灭铽-钛铁试剂(Tb3 -TR)络合物的荧光,其荧光猝灭值△F=F0-F分别与PALP、NAD、NADP和FAD的浓度呈线性关系。分别对测定条件进行了优化,并研究了干扰物质情况,建立了Tb3 -TR络合物荧光探针灵敏测定PALP、NAD、NADP和FAD的方法。PALP、NAD、NADP和FAD的检出限分别为:1.1×10-7mol/L、6.4×10-8mol/L、1.6×10-8mol/L和1.15×10-8mol/L。     

芦丁对罗丹明6G的荧光猝灭机理研究及其含量测定

根据Stem - Volmer方程和罗丹明6G吸收光谱的变化研究了芦丁对其荧光猝灭的类型及机理,结果表明,芦丁与罗丹明6G作用,形成一种稳定的复合物,而发生荧光静态猝灭,求得复合物的结合常数K=5.55×105L/mol,结合点数n=1.26.芦丁含量在0.92～137.8μg/mL范围内与F0/F成正比,检出限为0....     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.