修饰聚合物液-固亲和萃取体系连续分离铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)

用亚胺基二乙酸（IDA）修饰了聚乙二醇PEG8000，并构建了修饰聚合物-盐-水液-固亲和萃取体系，用于高选择富集与分离金属离子。控制最佳分离条件，成相聚合物吐温80浓度；5%～10%；PEG-（IDA）2含量0.1%；（NH4）2SO4浓度；1.14～1.67mol/L；溶液酸度pH3.20～7.00。连续萃取分离了Cu(Ⅱ）、Zn(Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）及Cu（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）、Ni（Ⅱ），并探讨了该萃取体系的萃取机理。从水样、发样等多种样品中，成功地富集并测定了痕量Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn（Ⅱ），结果满意。     

meso—四（4—氯—3—磺酸苯基）卟啉与锌显色反应的研究与应用

在碱性介质中,Zn(Ⅱ)可以与显色剂meso-四(4-氯-3-磺酸苯基)卟啉(ρ-Cl-TPPS_4)、溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)生成三元络合物.其最大吸收波长为434.5nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.1×10~5.Zn(Ⅱ)含量在0.2～7ug/25ml范围内服从比耳定律.是目前测定锌灵敏度最高的显色反应之一.方法用于人发和小麦粉中微量锌的测定,获得了满意结果.     

金属离子催化β-内酰胺类抗生素水解的荧光光谱研究

研究并比较了4种金属离子Hg(Ⅱ）、Mn（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）在碱性条件下催化β-内酰胺类抗生素水解的能力,发现Hg(Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）对β-内酰胺类抗生素水解的催化作用效果良好,而Mn(Ⅱ）和Cd(Ⅱ)对长效青霉素水解的催化作用效果不明显。提出了分别在Hg(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)催化作用下测定β-内酰胺类抗生素的荧光光谱分析法,并用于体液中抗生素残留物的检测。     

头发中微量元素的分析及其对环境暴露的生物指示作用研究

用火焰原子吸收光谱法对中国部分地区的55例人发与土壤中的5种微量元素(Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn)的含量进行了测定。测定的人发中微量元素的平均值(μg/g)为:Cd,0.1854;Mn,1.5063;Pb,10.983;Zn,122.21;Cu,5.3602;土样中平均值(ug/g)为:Cd,1.3859;Mn,233.46;Pb,31.197;Zn,170.71;Cu,8.1473。对全国不同区域的5种元素分布状况进行了分析,运用相关分析法(SPSS)对不同地区中土壤和人发中同一元素进行了相关性分析。结果表明:发Zn和土Zn,发Cu和土Cu,发Cu和土Pb在0.01的水平上显著相关,相关系数分别为0.766,0.471和0.648。     

Zn(Ⅱ)-TPPS4-CTAB显色反应及三波长吸光光度法测定痕量锌的研究

本文报道以TPPS₄为显色剂、Hg(Ⅱ)为催化剂、CTAB为辅助配合剂,Zn(Ⅱ)在室温下极易形成Zn(Ⅱ)-TPPS₄-CTAB三元配合物。以三峰三波长胶束吸光光度法测定痕量锌,具有极高的灵敏度,ε=8.5×10⁵L·mol^-1·cm^-1。应用本法测定了部分人发、水样、矿石、铝合金等试样中的痕量锌,获得了满意的结果。     

酰基吡唑啉酮配合物的合成、结构、量化计算及生物活性

在溶液中合成了1－苯基－3－甲基－4－苯甲酰基－吡唑啉酮－5（HPMBP）的Co(Ⅱ）、Ni（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）配合物,对配合物进行了元素分析和红外光谱表征。用X射线衍射方法测定了Zn(Ⅱ）配合物的晶体结构,用密度泛函方法对Co(Ⅱ）及Zn（Ⅱ）配合物进行了量子化计算,生物活性实验表明四种配合物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有一定的抗菌作用。     

新最色剂5-(4-苯乙酮基偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉与锌显色反应的研究及应用

研究了新显色剂5-(4-苯乙酮基偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉(P-AAHQ)与Zn(Ⅱ)的显色反应条件,在阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB存在下,pH 4.0～5.5缓冲介质中,形成稳定的1:2红色配合物,最大吸收波长为520nm,ε=1.01×10~5,含Zn(Ⅱ)量在0～20μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律。采用氟化钾—磷酸盐混合掩蔽剂,方法用于人发、面食和黄连中微量锌的测定。     

二溴羟基苯基荧光酮吸光光度法测定微量锌的研究

研究了在混合表面活性剂CTMAB和OP存在下,二溴羟基苯基荧光酮(DBH-PF)吸光光度法测定微量锌的最佳显色条件及应用。结果表明,在pH 11.0～12.8的介质中,在CTMAB、OP和酒石酸钠存在下,Zn(Ⅱ)与DBH-PF形成了1:3紫色配合物,ε为1.96×10~5,是光度法测锌的最灵敏方法之一。配合物在常温下能稳定8h。Zn(Ⅱ)量在0～4μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律。在掩蔽剂存在下,方法有一定的选择性。测定人发和大米中锌的含量,结果令人满意。     

某煤矿地区人发中微量元素含量与疾病关系的分析与研究

用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定并统计了甘肃兰州窑街煤矿地区228例人发样中微量元素(Zn,Fe,Cu,Ca,Mn)的分布情况,测定的平均值(μg·g~(-1))为:Zn,116.1;Fe,43.3;Cu,14.6;Mn,2.08;Ca,1314。对年龄、性别、疾病对人体中这些元素的分布影响进行分析研究。根据所测人发中微量元素含量数据运用主成分分析法对厌食儿童和健康儿童进行了聚类分析研究。     

催化过氧化氢氧化铬黑T褪色光度法测定痕量锰(Ⅱ)

在pH11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中十二烷基磺酸钠（DBS）可增敏Mn(II）催化过氧化氢氧化铬黑T（EBT）的褪色反应，据此建立了催化褪色光度法测定痕量锰（Ⅱ）的新方法，锰（Ⅱ）浓度在5．0－12．0ug/L范围内服从比耳定律，回归方程ΔA=-0.014 0.32CMn(Ⅱ）（μg/L),r=0.9999检出限0．5ng/mL，应用该法测定人发和茶叶中的Mn(Ⅱ），测定结果满意。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学单元教学设计的探索

论述了单元教学是落实化学新课程三维目标的基本教学过程,同时对教学单元的含义、教学单元的选择与建构、化学单元教学设计及其意义进行了阐述。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.