EMIM离子液体离子簇模型的量子化学计算

以1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑(EMIM)卤化物、氟硼酸盐、三溴化物和二碘溴酸盐、氯铝酸和溴铝酸盐等不同种类EMIM离子液体为研究对象,对多阳离子、多阴离子的离子簇模型进行了量子化学计算研究.首先在B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p)水平上(I使用6-311G(d, p)基组)对{[EMIM]X_n}^(n-1)- (X = Cl, Br, I, BF₄, AlCl₄, AlBr₄, Br₃, IBrI, FHF; n = 2, 3)和{[EMIM]₂X_n'}^(n'-2)- (n' = 3, 4, 5)离子簇进行构型优化,并对卤化物和氟硼酸盐进行了振动光谱计算.结果表明所采用理论模型在键长、键角等结构参数及红外振动光谱方面均与实验结果符合较好.同时对不同离子簇模型中阴、阳离子间相互作用能与实验熔点之间的关系进行了研究,发现采用{[EMIM]₂X_n'}^(n'-2)--模型时EMIM离子液体实验熔点与阴、阳离子间相互作用能之间呈现近线性关系.     

簇合物裂解法合成二硫纶化合物

以[Me₄N]₂[M₄(SPh)₁₀]和[Me₄N]₄[S₄M₁₀(SPh)₁₆](M=Cd,Zn)为前驱体,采用簇合物裂解法合成了配合物(Bu₄N)₂[Cd(mnt)₂]、(Bu₄N)₂[M(dmit)₂](M=Cd,Zn)以及双核配合物(Me₄N)₂[Zn₂(Sph)₂·(S₂TTF(SCH₂)₂)₂].运用PM3计算方法得到了各种二硫纶盐配体中硫负离子的静电荷大小关系:mnt^2->SPh^->dmit^2->[(MeS)₂TTFS₂]^2-≈[(CH₂S)₂TTFS₂]^2-.在理论计算及实验结果的基础上,探讨了配体上硫负离子的静电荷大小与反应产物间的关系.     

二维钨-钒簇聚物[Cu(en)2]2·[VⅤO44{Cu(en)2(H2O)}2]·3H2O的合成与表征

采用水热法合成了一个钨-钒簇聚物[Cu(en)₂]₂[V^Ⅴ{Cu(en)₂(H₂O)}₂]·3H₂O(1, en=乙二胺), 并通过X射线单晶衍射、 元素分析、 傅里叶变换红外光谱、 X射线粉末衍射、 热重分析、 价键计算、 X射线光电子能谱、 电子顺磁共振和磁性分析对其结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明, 化合物1是以双支撑的四帽Keggin结构 [(V^ⅤO₄){Cu(en)₂(H₂O)}₂]^4- 钨-钒簇合物阴离子为基本结构单元, 与4个[Cu(en)₂]²⁺配合物阳离子以共价键和弱键相连接形成二维层状结构, 相邻层又通过氢键连接成三维超分子网络. 研究了化合物1的磁性及光催化降解罗丹明B的活性.     

一个钼钒二聚体簇合物的合成及其性能

以NH₄VO₃, H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀·xH₂O, Cu(NO₃)₂和哌嗪为主要原料,采用水热方法,合成了一个新的钼钒二聚体簇合物--(H₂NC₄H₈NH₂)₆［Mo^VI₁₆V^V₁₂P₂O₈₄］·5H₂O(1),其结构和性能经UV-Vis, IR, X-射线衍射、光电子能谱及热重分析表征。1属单斜晶系,P2(1)/c空间群, 晶胞参数a=20.450(4) , b=24.989(5) , c=20.450(4) , β=93.89 °, V=10 427(4) ³, Fw=4 159.18, Dc=2.650 g·cm^-3, μ=3.018 mm^-1, F(000)=7 952, Gof=1.029。晶体结构解析表明：1由两个单元Keggin型簇核［PMo₈V₆O₄₂］^7-聚合而成一个二聚体簇［P₂Mo_l6V₁₂O₈₄］^14-,该二聚体簇核和有机配体哌嗪之间通过复杂的氢键相互作用,展示三维超分子网络结构。     

四核钴羰基簇合物的合成和晶体结构

用Co₂(CO)₈与有机杂环二硫代次膦酸盐SP(C₆H₄OR)(S)N(C₆H₅)NC(Me)(R=Me,Et)反应,得到两类4个含S,P桥基配体的四核钴羰基簇合物Co₄(CO)₁₀(μ₄-S)[μ₄-P(C₆H₄OR)](1:R=Me;3:R=Et)和Co₄(CO)₁₀(μ₃-S)[μ₂-P(C₆H₄OR)N(C₆H₅)NC(Me)](2:R=Me,4:R=Et).在反应中,前配体中的PS键以及C-S,P-S,P-N键劈开,产生的分子片与金属钴原子配位,组建成新的羰基钴簇.对这4个簇合物进行了元素分析,IR,¹HNMR和MS谱学表征,并测定了簇合物4的晶体结构,该晶体属单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群,晶胞参数a=1.9065(4)nm,b=1.0081(2)nm,c=1.6663(3)nm,β=97.36(3)°,V=3.1704(11)nm₃,Z=4,D_c=1.743g/cm³.Co1Co3Co4呈三角形分布,其中Co-Co平均键长为0.251nm,而Co₂在该三角平面的一侧,Co2-Co3键为0.269nm.该簇合物分子骨架为三角钉型结构,每个Co原子的立体几何均为变形八面体,但配位环境各不相同.     

Al+与乙硫醇团簇的气相化学反应的实验和理论研究

利用激光溅射-分子束的方法研究了Al⁺和乙硫醇的气相化学反应,结果观察到了Al⁺与1～6个乙硫醇分子形成的团簇离子. 对团簇离子进行了密度泛函理论计算,找到了两种类型的异构体Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)_n和HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)_n-1,计算得到了相应的稳定结构和能量.分析质谱信号强度,结合理论计算结果,可推测出实验得到的n=1的产物离子是Al⁺(C₂H₅SH). n=2和3时产物离子开始转变为HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)_n-1, n=4时,HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)₃和Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)₄两种产物离子都存在,n≥5以后,团簇离子Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)_n开始成为主要的产物离子.     

新型混合价态钒锗簇合物的合成与表征

采用水热法合成了一个新型混合价态钒锗簇合物[Ge₆V₆^VV₉^ⅣO₄₂(OH)₆(H₂O)]·6(1,6-DAH)·21H₂O(1)(DAH=己二胺), 并通过X射线单晶衍射、 元素分析、 红外光谱、 热重分析、 价键计算、 X射线光电子能谱和磁性分析对其结构、 组成和性质进行了表征. X射线单晶衍射分析表明, 化合物1结晶属于六方晶系, R3c空间群, 晶胞参数 a=b=1.98418(6) nm, c=4.63450(3) nm; V=15.8015(12) nm³, Z=6. 该化合物中的[Ge₆V₆^VV₉^ⅣO₄₂(OH)₆(H₂O)]簇可看作由3个{Ge₂O₇}二聚体取代{V₁₈O₄₂}簇中的3个VO₅四方锥单元衍生而来. 价键计算和XPS分析表明, 化合物1中的钒原子处于混合价态. 磁性研究表明, 化合物1中存在弱的反铁磁相互作用.     

基于2-吡啶甲醛肟配体的NiⅡ2ZnⅡ2簇配合物的合成、晶体结构、磁性及光催化性能

在溶剂热条件下,以2-吡啶甲醛肟(HL)为主配体,Zn(OAc)₂·2H2O和NiCl₂·6H₂O为金属盐,合成了一个Ni^Ⅱ₂Zn^Ⅱ₂簇配合物[Ni₂Zn₂(L)₄Cl₂(CH₃O)₂](1),通过元素分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射等对其结构进行了表征。研究了该配合物的磁性及光催化降解染料的性能,结果表明:配合物1属于正交晶系,Pna2₁空间群,其分子中包含2个Ni^Ⅱ离子,2个Zn^Ⅱ离子,4个L^-配体,2个Cl^-离子和2个CH₃O^-离子。磁性研究表明Ni^Ⅱ…Ni^Ⅱ离子间存在弱的反铁磁相互作用。光催化降解染料的研...     

具有含磷、硫配体的二核和三核钌羰基簇合衍生物的合成及晶体结构

用Ru₃(CO)12与杂环二硫代次膦酸盐SP(C₆H₄OR)(S)N(C₆H₅)NC(Me)(R=Me,Et)反应,得到两类4个含磷、硫配体的二核和三核钌羰基簇合衍生物Ru₃(CO)₈(μ₃-S)₂[P(C₆H₄OR)N(C₆H₅)NC(Me)S](1;R=Me;3;R=Et)和Ru₂(CO)₆[μ-η₂-SC(Me)NN(C₆H₅)P(C₆H₄OR)](2;R=Me;4;R=Et).对它们进行了元素分析、IR、¹HNMR和MS谱学表征,并用X射线衍射技术测定了1和2的晶体结构.晶体1属三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.0755(2)nm,b=1.5760(2)nm,c=0.9078(1)nm,α=98.12(7)°,β=96.64(4)°,γ=79.67(5)°,V=1.4921(4)nm³,Z=2,R(wR)=0.0303(0.0615);该簇合物分子为开口三核钌簇,其簇骨架Ru₃(μ₃-S)₂为畸变四方锥构型;五元杂环上的P原子取代在Ru1原子的轴向配位位置上.晶体2属单斜晶系,P2(1)/n空间群,晶胞参数a=1.1243(4)nm,b=1.4105(5)nm,c=1.62945(7)nm,β=107.06(5)°,V=2.4702(2)nm³,Z=4,R(wR)=0.0248(0.0441);两核簇合物分子中含有2个六元螯环Ru1SCNNP和Ru2SCNNP,增强了簇合物的稳定性.     

新型桥联双四面体簇合物的合成与表征

利用(μ₃-CCO₂Et)Co₃(CO)₉与单阴离子试剂[Mo(CO)₃(η⁵-C₅H₄R)]-[R=H,C(O)Me]的反应合成了2个新的含CCo₂Mo骨架的簇合物(μ₃-CCO₂Et)Co₂Mo(CO)₈(η⁵-C₅H₄R)[R=H(1);R=C(O)Me(2)],进而用其与双阴离子试剂{-M(CO)₃[η⁵-C₅H₄C(O)]}₂-1,4-C₆H₄[M=Mo,W]反应合成了4个双四面体簇合物{(μ₃-CCO₂Et)CoMoM(CO)₇(η⁵-C₅H₄R)[η⁵-C₅H₄C(O)]}₂-1,4-C₆H₄[M=Mo,R=H(3);M=Mo,R=C(O)Me(4);M=W,R=H(5);M=W,R=C(O)Me(6)].这6个化合物的C和H元素分析,IR,¹HNMR等表征都与其结构一致.晶体X射线衍射分析表明,化合物2属单斜晶系,C₂/c空间群,晶胞参数a=1.1264(3)nm,b=1.1879(3)nm,c=3.3565(10)nm,β=93.320(5)°,V=4.484(2)nm₃,Z=8,D_c=1.867g·cm^-3,F(000)=2480,R=0.0369,wR=0.1150.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.