KBrO3-5-Br-PADAP体系催化动力学光度法测定痕量亚硫酸根

在H3PO4介质和室温条件下,痕量SO32-能灵敏地催化KBrO3氧化5-溴-(2-吡啶偶氮)-二乙氨基酚(5-Br-PADAP)的褪色反应。研究了该催化反应的最佳实验条件,建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量SO32-的新方法。方法的线性范围为0.3~2.7μg/mL,检出限为1.82×10-7g/mL。该法用于白葡萄酒中SO32-含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

气浮溶剂浮选光度法测定食品中痕量SO32-的研究

提出了碘溴化十六烷基三甲胺缔合体系溶剂浮选褪色光度法测定SO2-3 的新方法,方法的摩尔吸光系数ε365=3.0×105L·mol-1·cm-1,最大吸收波长为365 nm,测定5.0μg/50 mLSO2-3 6次,RSD为1.8%,线性范围为0~30μg/50 mL,方法应用于食品中SO2-3 的测定。     

离子色谱法测定食品添加剂磷酸二氢铵中氟离子含量

建立了离子色谱测定食品添加剂磷酸二氢铵中的氟离子含量的方法。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,食品添加剂磷酸二氢铵中的NH4+,PO43-及SO42-等杂质均不干扰F-的测定。采用标准曲线法定量,F-浓度在4~50μg/mL的范围内,线性方程为y=0.099 48x-0.108 0,线性相关系数为0.999 9,方法的检出限为0.15μg/mL,加标回收率为96.9%~101.6%,该方法具有简单、快速、重现性好等优点。     

碘-溴化十六烷基三甲铵缔合体系溶剂浮选褪色光度法测定SO32-的研究

提出了碘 溴化十六烷基三甲胺缔合体系浮选褪色光度法测定SO3方法,方法的摩尔吸光系数为ε365=3.0×105L·mol-1·cm-1,最大吸收波长λmax2-0.10μg mL6次,RSD=1.8%,线性范围0～0 60μg mL,实=365nm,测定SO32-的质量分数。际测定了蔬菜中SO3     

气浮溶剂浮选光度法测定食品中痕量SO32-的研究

提出了碘-溴化十六烷基三甲胺缔合体系溶剂浮选褪色光度法测定SO2-3的新方法,方法的摩尔吸光系数ε365=3.0×105L·mol-1·cm-1,最大吸收波长为365 nm,测定5.0 μg/50 mL SO2-36次,RSD为1.8%,线性范围为0～30 μg/50 mL,方法应用于食品中SO2-3的测定.     

离子色谱法测定依达拉奉注射液中亚硫酸盐

建立测定依达拉奉注射液中亚硫酸根离子含量的离子色谱法。采用IonPac AS11-HC阴离子分析柱（250mm×4.6 mm,7.5μm），柱温为25℃，以15 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液，流量为1.0 mL/min，检测器为电导检测器，检测器温度30℃，抑制器为自动再生抑制模式，抑制电流40 mA，进样体积为25μL，用离子色谱法测定亚硫酸盐，硫酸根离子质量浓度在0.1～200μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好，相关系数为0.999 8。该方法检出限为0.027μg/mL，定量限为0.072μg/mL。亚硫酸根离子在水溶液中8 h内稳定。样品加标回收率为98.5%～100.6%，相对标准偏差为0.7%(n=9)。该方法操作简单，专属性强，灵敏度高，重复性好，可用于依达拉奉注射液中亚硫酸盐含量的测定。     

薄层色谱-紫外可见分光光度法同时测定食品中的苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ

建立了测定食品中苏丹红色素含量的新方法——薄层色谱-紫外可见分光光度法,对影响测定的因素如样品预处理方式、展开剂等进行了讨论,检测苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ的线性范围分别为0.5~14μg/mL,0.5~10μg/mL,0.5~15μg/mL,0.5~15μg/mL,线性相关系数均为0.999,检出限均为0.05μg/mL。该方法测定结果与国家标准方法测定结果基本一致。     

高效液相色谱法测定地塞米松及有关物质

建立了高效液相色谱法测定地塞米松及有关物质的方法。采用Kromasil 100-5 C_(18)(250 mm×4. 6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以水和乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1. 5 mL/min,检测波长240 nm,柱温40℃,进样量20μL。在上述色谱条件下,地塞米松与1,2-二氢物、16β-甲基环氧物和17-脱氧-21醇等杂质分离效果好,地塞米松在4～480μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,检测限为0. 32μg/mL,1,2-二氢物、16β-甲基环氧物和17-脱氧-21醇在0. 2～4. 0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,检测限分别为0. 058,0. 063,0. 060μg/mL。方法可用于测定地塞米松及有关物质的含量。     

吖啶红-高碘酸钾催化光度法测定痕量钌

研究了在H2SO4介质中,Ru(Ⅲ)催化KIO4氧化吖啶红褪色反应的特性,测定了反应级数和反应速率方程,拟定了反应的最佳条件,建立了一个测定痕量Ru(Ⅲ)的催化动力学新方法.该方法的检出限为1.47×10-5μg/mL,线性范围为0.0～0.07μg/25 mL.用于测定某些冶金产品和矿石中的钌.     

阻抑动力学分光光度法测定食品中痕量碘

研究了在稀硫酸介质中,痕量碘离子对亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化甲酚红的阻抑作用,建立了测定痕量碘离子的阻抑动力学光度分析的新方法。测定碘离子的线性范围为0～0.62μg/mL,检出限为7.43×10-9 g/mL。已用于食品中痕量碘的测定,结果满意。     

On-line fermentation gas analysis: Error analysis and application of mass spectrometry

On-line fermentation gas analysis is of general interest because it permits the determination of metabolic rates in almost any biological process using living organisms. The consumption and production of gases (O₂, CO₂, CH₄, etc.) and volatile compounds may be determined without causing any risk of infection. Elemental balancing permits the determination of other metabolic rates if the stoichiometry is known. This was studied with the production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Alcaligenes latus. Estimations were based on the measurement of gas partial pressure and flow-rates, pH and alkali consumption rate. Experiments with a small quadrupole mass spectrometer showed unacceptable error propagation. Therefore, dynamic error propagation for all rates was studied using simulation. It was found that, for example, a 1% relative offset-calibration error for oxygen can result in an error in PHB estimation of > 50%. It is suggested that this culture is used in combination with elemental balancing for thorough tests of the accuracy of on-line gas analysis equipment. An on-line process gas analyser based on a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Balzers PGM 407) gave the following precision values (abs. vol.?%) during cultivation of Bacillus subtilis: nitrogen (m/z 14), 0.024; oxygen (m/z 32), 0.020; argon (m/z 40), 0.0011; and carbon dioxide (m/z 44), 0.0034. These values, combined with automatic recalibration, would be sufficient for reasonable estimation of PHB, biomass and substrates.     

Impact of alkali treatment on physico-chemical,thermal, structural and tensile properties of Carica papaya bark fibers

This study aims to examine the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the physico-chemical properties, structure, thermal, tensile and surface topography of Carica papaya fibers (CPFs). The surface of raw CPFs was modified by soaking with 5% NaOH solution for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90?min. The results of thermo-gravimetric analysis revealed that the optimum treatment time for alkali treatment was 60?min. It was found that the alkali treatment improved the properties of the CPFs. The results of TGA, FT-IR, XRD and AFM suggest that the treated CPF is a suitable alternative as reinforcement in polymer composites.     

Chemometric and trend analysis of water quality of the South Chennai lakes: an integrated environmental study

In order to bring out the nature of the factors influencing lake water composition, multivariate statistical analysis and trend analysis were performed based on the hydrochemical data of the study area, namely, South Chennai. Change in land use pattern and settlements along the banks of the lakes alters the quality and quantity of the surface water. In the present study, the R‐mode factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the geochemical parameters of the water to identify the factors affecting the chemical composition of the lake water. Dendograms of both the seasons give three major clusters, reflecting the groups of unpolluted to moderately polluted, polluted, and heavily polluted stations. The movement of stations from one cluster to another clearly brings out the seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the lake water. The complex hydrochemical data of the surface water were interpreted by condensing them into three major factors. Factor score analysis was used successfully to delineate the stations under study and the role of the contributing factors, and the nature of factors responsible for the variation in chemical composition of the water has been clearly brought out. Results of trend analysis using ArcGIS clearly indicate that the trend in water quality is deteriorating at a faster rate in the eastern part of the study area. It is understood that although natural shifts probably can account for some of the variation, it is most likely that human activities play a major role in affecting the water quality on a regional scale. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Time-series analysis in analytical process control

Analysis of time series tries to extract tendencies from measured values dependent on time. For this purpose the cusum technique has proved to be a very sensitive tool for the evaluation of both current and completed time series. Even very weak tendencies can be detected at a high level of noise. Time-series analysis further tries to predict values to come from hitherto performed measurements. As a very flexible model exponential smoothing could be successfully used. Even for processes with a high extent of non-stationarity this model allowed a good prediction owing to the dynamics of the process. Three types of time-series analysis, i.e., evaluation of current measurements, retrospective evaluation and prediction of data (also known as “in vivo”, “post mortem” and “in futurum” time-series analysis) are demonstrated for problems stemming from analytical process control.     

新材料的发展与分析化学

文章介绍了新材料的重要性及发展方向,分析化学在新材料研制中起着耳目的作用,另一方面新材料也为分析化学的进展提供了课题与条件。微量分析、微区分析、表面分析是此领域中的重点。在未来的发展中,分析化学在材料的发展中的地位不会改变,并期待着分析灵敏度与空间分辩率的进一步提高。     

Determination of rank by augmentation (DRAUG)

Determining the rank of a chemical matrix is the first step in many multivariate, chemometric studies. Rank is defined as the minimum number of linearly independent factors after deletion of factors that contribute to random, nonlinear, uncorrelated errors. Adding a matrix of rank 1 to a data matrix not only increases the rank by one unit but also perturbs the primary factor axes, having little effect on the secondary axes associated with the random errors in the measurements. The primary rank of a data matrix can be determined by comparing the residual variances obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) of the original data matrix to those obtained from an augmented matrix. The ratio of the residual variances between adjacent factor levels represents a Fisher ratio that can be used to distinguish the primary factors (chemical as well as instrumental factors) from the secondary factors (experimental errors). The results gleaned from model studies as well as those from experimental studies are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. The method is independent of the nature of the error distribution. Limitations and precautions are discussed. An algorithm, written in MATLAB format, is included. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of Mercury in Geological Materials by Continuous-Flow,Cold-Vapor,Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract

To determine mercury in geological materials, samples are digested with nitric acid and sodium dichromate in a closed teflon vessel. After bringing to a constant weight, the digest is mixed with air and a sodium chloride-hydroxylamine hydrochloride-sulfuric acid solution and then Hg(II) is reduced to Hg with stannous chloride in a continuous flow manifold. The mercury vapor is then separated and measured using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CV-AAS). For a 100 mg sample the limit of detection is 20 parts per billion (ppb) Hg in sample. To obtain a 1% absorption signal, the described method requires 0.21 ppb Hg solution (equal to 16 ppb in sample). Precision is acceptable at less than 1.2% RSD for a 10 ppb Hg aqueous standard. Accuracy is demonstrated by the results of the analysis of standard reference materials. Several elements do interfere but the effect is minimal because either the digestion procedure does not dissolve them (e.g., Au or Pt) or the; are normally of low abundance (e.g., Se or Te).     

钴-5-Br-PADAP极谱催化波研究

许多作者研究了某些有机试剂存在时钴的极谱行为.本文报道在氢氧化钠和盐酸羟胺底液中,钴-5-Br-PADAP配合物的极谱行为,证明峰电流为配合物吸附波.将铁分离后测定标钢中微量钴,与光度法结果一致,直接测定茶叶中钴,结果满意.