高效液相色谱法测定苹果中四螨嗪残留量

提出了用高效液相色谱法测定苹果中四螨嗪的残留量.将试样与丙酮混合,匀浆并离心分离,使四螨嗪溶于丙酮中,收集上层澄清液,加入20 g·L-1Na2SO4溶液150 mL后,用二氯甲烷萃取.萃取液在40℃蒸发至干,加入甲醇-二氯甲烷(1+99)混合液溶解残渣,所得溶液经Sep-Pak@Vac氨基小柱净化,用上述甲醇-二氯甲烷溶解淋洗,淋出液经吹氮蒸干,用定量的甲醇-二氯甲烷溶解残渣,此溶液用于高效液相色谱法测定.测定中采用Zorbax SB C18不锈钢柱作为色谱柱,用甲醇-水(75+25)溶液作流动相,在273 nm波长处用光电二极管阵列检测器检测.四螨嗪质量浓度在0.35～14 mg·L-1之间与其相应的峰面积值呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)为0.05 mg·kg-1.在3个不同浓度水平作回收试验,测得回收率在90.0%～92.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n-6)在2.1%～3.8%之间.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中硫普罗宁钠

采用反相高效液相色谱法对血浆中硫普罗宁钠进行测定。血浆样品经乙腈提取,所得提取液再经40℃氮气吹干,残留物经10mg.L-1亚硫酸氢钠溶液溶解后,用Agilent C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,以pH 2.5乙腈-水(8+92)溶液为流动相洗脱,用紫外检测器于波长203nm处测定。硫普罗宁钠的质量浓度在2.5～1 000mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.65mg.L-1。方法用于血浆样品分析,测得回收率在102%～107%之间,日内和日间相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玩具材料中六溴环十二烷的3种同分异构体的含量

纺织纤维材质的玩具样品(0.5g)用丙酮10mL于60℃超声提取30min。提取液吹氮蒸干,残渣用甲醇溶解并定容至5mL。橡胶、塑料材质的玩具样品(0.5g),用甲苯-甲醇(10+1)混合液进行索氏提取。将提取液蒸至近干,残渣用甲醇溶解并定容至5mL,所得溶液供超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。用Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱作固定相,用(A)甲醇-乙腈(4+1)混合液和(B)10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液(5+95)混合液作流动相进行洗脱,实现了六溴环十二烷的3种同分异构体的色谱分离。α,β,γ-六溴环十二烷的质量浓度均在1.0~2.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性,3种异构体的检出限(3S/N)依次为0.1,0.2,0.5μg·L-1。加标回收率在70.0%~112%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.070%~9.9%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定染发剂中的1-萘酚和2-萘酚

提出了同时测定染发剂中1-萘酚和2-萘酚的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。染发剂样品经甲醇-水(1+1)混合液萃取,ProElut PLS固相萃取小柱净化,净化液吹氮蒸干后残渣用甲醇溶解并定容为1mL。此溶液经Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(2.1mm×150mm,3.5μm)分离,用不同体积比混合的乙腈和水梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾负离子模式多反应监测。1-萘酚和2-萘酚的线性范围均为0.05~10.0mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)均为0.05mg·kg-1,测定下限(10S/N)均为0.2mg·kg-1。方法应用于测定实际样品中上述两化合物。以空白样品作基体加入混合标准溶液做回收试验,测得回收率在82.5%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在6.3%~11%之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂残留量

提出了高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中2种植物生长调节剂(多菌灵、6-苄基腺嘌呤)和2种杀菌剂(多效唑、腈菌唑)含量。样品滤液过GDX501固相萃取小柱,经水-甲醇(80+20)混合溶液淋洗后,用甲醇洗脱。洗脱液在Waters Symmetry C18色谱柱上进行分离,流动相为甲醇与pH 6的5mmol.L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液(67+33)混合液。4种化合物的线性范围均为1.0～50mg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.24,0.80,0.90,0.90mg.L-1。方法用于橙汁样品分析,回收率在70.9%～104%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于6%。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中的维生素D_3及25-OH-D_3

采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中维生素D_3和25-OH-D_3的含量。样品经乙醇-乙腈(60+40)混合溶液提取后,提取液用氮气吹干,残渣用正己烷溶解后,过Waters silica固相萃取柱净化,净化液用氮气吹干后,将残余物溶于pH 6.5的5mmol·L-1磷酸盐溶液-乙腈-甲醇(30+15+55)缓冲溶液中。待测物在Symmetry C18色谱柱上分离,以pH 6.5的乙腈-5mmol·L~(-1)磷酸盐(20+80)混合液为流动相A,以甲醇-乙腈-四氢呋喃(65+20+15)混合液为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱;采用光电二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为265nm。维生素D_3和25-OH-D_3的线性范围均为3.0~72μg·L~(-1),检出限均为2.0μg·L~(-1)。加标回收率在88.5%~94.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于4%。     

高效液相色谱法测定柑橘皮中新橙皮苷

提出了高效液相色谱法测定柑橘皮中新橙皮苷含量的方法。样品用甲醇超声提取,定容至50mL。以SinoChrom ODS-BP色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,10μm)为分离柱,以甲醇-水(36+64)溶液作为流动相,用紫外检测器在波长283nm处进行测定。新橙皮苷质量浓度在0.005 3～0.32g.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.6mg.L-1。方法的平均回收率为90.3%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.7%。     

流动注射双柱-在线固相萃取分离-紫外分光光度法测定乳制品中三聚氰胺的含量

于在线固相萃取分离-紫外分光光度法测定乳制品中三聚氰胺(ML)含量的FIA系统中,引入了双柱结构(自制的PCX1柱和PCX2柱),并采用异步注射分析模式。调节乳制品样品酸度为pH 4.5。样品进入FIA系统后先后经过如下过程:流经PCX柱富集ML;用甲醇-水(75+25)溶液清洗150s,除去吸附在柱上的其他杂质;用氨水-甲醇-水(1+25+74)混合液洗脱ML(洗脱时间PCX1柱为36s,PCX2柱为34s);洗脱液经采样环(体积60μL)采样,0.3mol·L-1氯化铵溶液作载流,推动采样环中"样品塞"流至流通池,于237nm处进行光度检测。测得ML的质量浓度在0.50~40.0mg·L-1内与相应的吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.21mg·L-1。加标回收率在98.1%~108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)依次为4.2%,0.87%。     

高效液相色谱法测定黄姜中皂素

黄姜中皂素经过酸解释放,用ASE200萃取机萃取于甲醇中,然后用高效液相色谱法测定.色谱分离采用YWG-C18柱,以甲醇-水(95 5)溶液为流动相,于210 nm波长处检测.方法的检出限0.2 mg·L-1,线性范围为0.01～2.93 g·L-1.方法的回收率在97.1%～99.8%范围内,4个实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)为1.1%～1.5%.     

毛细管电泳-电化学发光法测定小鼠血浆中粉防己碱含量

血浆样品用氯仿萃取,所得萃取液在60℃水浴上用吹氮蒸干,用500μL甲醇溶解残渣,所得溶液用电驱动方法进样引入毛细管中进行毛细管电泳(CE)分离。采用的进样电压为12 kV,进样时间为7 s。电泳缓冲溶液为pH 7.5的20 mmol.L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液,分离电压为15 kV。电化学发光法(ECL)与CE相联用作为检则方法。ECL反应系在400μL反应池中进行,反应池中盛有5 mmol.L-1Ru(bpy)32+溶液和pH 8.0的50 mmol.L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液。采用的检测电位为1.15 V(vs.Ag/AgCl),所测得的ECL强度值与粉防己碱的质量浓度在0.05~80.0 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为0.02 mg.L-1。在小鼠血浆样品的基础上加入粉防己碱标准溶液进行回收试验,测得其回收率在93.3%~95.0%之间。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.