双烯烃橡胶复分解-加氢制备端羧基聚烯烃

采用烯烃复分解法,以双烯烃橡胶为原料,在Grubbs II代催化剂和链转移剂(马来酸)的作用下制得相应的端羧基聚二烯烃,通过对甲苯磺酰肼/三正丙胺试剂对其进一步加氢得到端羧基聚烯烃.主要研究了反应时间、反应温度、橡胶中双键/催化剂摩尔比、橡胶中双键/链转移剂摩尔比等因素对产物分子量及分子量分布的影响.通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和碳谱(13C-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、热重分析(TGA)和示差扫描量热分析(DSC)对产物的结构和性能进行了测试表征.结果表明,通过调整橡胶中双键/催化剂的摩尔比或橡胶中双键/链转移剂的摩尔比可以调控产物的分子量.另外,采用该方法制得的端羧基聚丁二烯具有较高的反式1,4-结构含量,与原料相比其顺式1,4-结构含量大幅下降,从而对产物的性能产生一定影响;而以异戊橡胶为原料时并没有观察到该现象.端羧基聚二烯烃经加氢反应后转变成端羧基聚烯烃,具有更好的热稳定性.该方法合成步骤简单,产物分子量可控,为功能材料的制备提供了新的可能.     

丁二烯在烯土配位催化剂下的活性聚合

本文用动力学方法处理了丁二烯在NdCl₃·3i-PrOH-AlEt₃催化体系中,-70℃下聚合结果:发现聚合体系中不存在可检测出的使活性中心失活的不可逆的链终止反应和限制产物分子量的链转移反应,产物的分子量分布较窄并具有特高顺1,4-微观结构,平均活性链寿命相当长。     

丁二烯在稀土配位催化剂下的“活性”聚合

本文用动力学方法处理了丁二烯在NdCl_3·3i-PrOH-AIEt_3催化体系中,-70,-30和0℃下聚合结果,得出在-700℃下聚合时,聚合体系中不存在可检测出的使活性中心失活的不可逆的链终止和限制产物分子量的链转移反应。发现产物的分子量分布窄,具有特高顺-1,4结构和平均活性链寿命趋于无限大。成功地合成了丁二烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物,并用GPC,IR和~(13)C NMR对产物进行了表征。结果表明在此条件下,丁二烯在本催化体系聚合是接近于理想的活性聚合。     

[N^N^O]钴配合物催化丁二烯立体选择性聚合的研究

合成并表征了一系列带有[2-(4,5-二苯基-2-咪唑基)-1-苯亚胺基]苯酚配体([N^N^O]三齿配体)的二氯化钴配合物(1~4),并研究了这些配合物对丁二烯溶液聚合的催化性能.研究结果表明,助催化剂的种类对丁二烯聚合的催化活性和产物性能有显著的影响,倍半乙基氯化铝(EASC)为最佳的助催化剂.在EASC的活化作用下,该催化体系引发丁二烯单体聚合,15 min内丁二烯单体的转化率可达92.7%,产物聚丁二烯中顺式1,4-结构的含量高达97.4%.并详细研究了助催化剂的用量、聚合的温度、配体上不同取代基等对丁二烯聚合行为的影响,包括丁二烯单体的转化率、产物聚丁二烯的分子量与分子量分布及微观结构.通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)对聚合产物的分子量及分子量分布进行了表征,核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和碳谱(13CNMR)分析结果表明所得聚合物具有高的顺式1,4-结构含量(97%左右).     

含氟丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的RAFT合成及表征

通过可逆加成-断链链转移(RAFT)溶液聚合,以三硫代碳酸酯为RAFT试剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,1,4-二氧六环为溶剂,制备甲基丙烯酸(2,2,2-三氟)乙酯(TFEMA)和苯乙烯(St)共聚物.详细研究了不同引发剂的用量、RAFT试剂与引发剂摩尔比以及聚合温度等实验条件对聚合反应过程的影响.通过GPC、FTIR测试共聚物的分子量、分子量分布和分子结构,并用静态接触角仪和AFM分别表征聚合物膜的接触角、表面能及膜的表面形貌.     

长序列乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的合成

研究了稀土催化剂催化乙烯-丁二烯的共聚合。结果表明,在封管条件下用稀土催化剂可以使乙烯-丁二烯共聚,产生高分子量聚合物。产物的溶液性质表明,不含聚乙烯均聚物,含约8％的聚丁二烯均聚物。DSC、X-射线衍射、电子显微镜和~(13)C-NMR等实验表明,所得聚合物是含长乙烯-乙烯序列的乙烯-丁二烯共聚物,其中聚丁二烯链段的微观结构以顺-1,4构型为主。共聚物中乙烯单元增加,乙烯-乙烯链段的熔点和结晶度增高,晶粒尺寸变大,晶胞参数基本不变。共聚物的力学性能表明,其生胶强度可达20—30kg/cm~2,远比聚丁二烯的强度大。     

链转移剂单体存在下苯乙烯乳液聚合反应研究

以α-甲基丙烯酸-3-巯基己酯(MHM)为链转移剂单体,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)为乳化剂,通过乳液聚合合成支化聚苯乙烯(BPSt).采用1H-NMR和三检测体积排除色谱(TD-SEC)对聚合反应过程和合成的聚合物进行了表征分析.结果表明,在合适的乳化剂用量、引发剂用量和聚合反应温度等条件下,反应初期生成的初级链可以完全转化成支化聚合物,在高单体转化率下不发生交联得到较窄分子量分布的高分子量支化聚苯乙烯(Mn,SEC1.4×105,Mw,MALLS2.0×106,PDI4.5),而且所得聚合物表现出很高的支化程度(g'=0.5~0.6).     

用稀土催化剂合成顺-1,4-聚-2,3-二甲基丁二烯

<正> 我们的工作及文献证明,稀土催化剂可使丁二烯、异戊二烯及1,3-戊二烯聚合生成顺-1,4聚合物,而对2,4-己二烯则可得到反-1,4-苏式-双全同立构聚合物(trans-1,4-threo-diisotactic polyhexadiene),为了进一步弄清稀土催化剂对不同双烯烃的催化聚合活性以及所得聚合物的结构与单体性质的关系,我们研究了2,3-二甲基丁二烯在三元催化剂Nd(naph)_3-AlEt_2Cl-Al(-Bu)_3作用下的聚合及所得聚合物的结构。     

基于催化链转移聚合法MMA/MPS共聚物的制备及其表观催化链转移常数测定的研究

以钴Ⅱ肟氟化硼络合物(CoBF)为催化剂,2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,实现了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)在60℃甲苯体系中的催化链转移聚合(catalytic chaintransfer polymerization,CCTP),制备出末端含有双键的共聚物.利用核磁共振证明了其末端双键的存在,并通过热重分析证明CCTP产物与自由基聚合产物的结构区别.用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对7种单体组成下不同催化剂CoBF用量的聚合产物进行分子量表征,结果表明以催化链转移聚合合成的共聚物具有分子量低及分子量分布较窄,且聚合物的分子量随着催化剂CoBF的增加呈明显下降趋势.又分别采用了基于DPn(数均聚合度)、DPw(重均聚合度)的Mayo方程和基于ΛP、ΛH的链长分布方程计算出催化剂的表观链转移常数,发现基于DPw的Mayo方程和基于ΛP的链长分布方程的计算结果最为接近.并通过对共聚体系中不同单体组成的研究发现,催化剂表观链转移常数随着单体组成中MPS的增加而增加.     

Ni(naph)_2/A1R_3/BF_3·OEt_2/DMEA/OctOH体系催化丁二烯配位聚合

在Ni(naph)2-AlR3-(BF3·OEt2)催化体系(简称Ni-Al-B)用于丁二烯(Bd)/己烷进行配位聚合体系中引入N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)和辛醇(OctOH),研究了DMEA/Ni摩尔比、B/Ni摩尔比和Al/Ni摩尔比对Bd聚合转化率、聚丁二烯(PB)产物的特性黏数、分子量、分子量分布及微观结构的影响,进一步探讨聚合反应动力学.结果表明,在镍系催化丁二烯聚合体系中引入一定量的DMEA和OctOH后,可以提高顺-1,4微观结构含量至97.8%,降低1,2-微观结构含量至约1.3%,提高分子量,使分子量分布变窄,并降低凝胶含量.进一步通过调节B/Ni及Al/Ni摩尔比值,可得到[η]为2.0～4.0dL/g的高顺式PB.聚合速率对单体浓度呈现一级动力学关系,表观增长活化能为43.7kJ·mol-1。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.