固相膜萃取-超高效液相色谱-荧光法测定极地水体中多环芳烃

采用C<,18>固相膜萃取对样品进行富集净化,以二氯甲烷洗脱目标化合物,采用UPLC荧光可变波长进行分离分析.可在5min内实现15种多环芳烃分析,方法检出限分别为:萘为0.3ng/L,苊、芴、菲和苯并(a)蒽为0.26ng/L,蒽、荧蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽和茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘为0.28ng/L;芘、屈、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘和二苯并(a,h)蒽为0.24ng/L;苯并(g,h,i)苝为2.6ng/L.加标回收率在67%～87%之间,RSD均小于10%.可应用于极地环境中痕量多环芳烃样品的检测分析.     

室温离子液体超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中菲、荧蒽、芘的研究

以疏水性室温离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸为萃取剂,超声辅助同时萃取、富集水中菲、荧蒽、芘为模型的多环芳烃。探讨了不同离子液体、水样体积、超声时间、静置时间等对萃取效果的影响,结果表明:1 mL离子液体萃取含菲、荧蒽、芘各10、60μg/L的40 mL水样,其回收率为:92%~103%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.19%~3.85%,方法检出限在1.06~1.25μg/L范围之间。该方法应用于实际河水的检测,结果表明该法快速简便、溶剂用量小,回收率与传统的CH2Cl2萃取相当。     

一次性固相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的3种多环芳烃

以涂有聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的石英光导纤维作为固相微萃取纤维,建立了一次性固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用测定环境水样中的菲、荧蒽和屈3种多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法。实验考察了解吸时间、萃取时间、搅拌速度、盐效应以及样品溶液pH值对萃取效率的影响,优化得到的萃取和解吸条件为: 于60 mL样品溶液中放入两段萃取纤维(1.5 cm)和1.2 g氯化钠,在1200 r/min搅拌速度下萃取60 min,取出萃取纤维并转入120 μL甲醇中密封静置解吸24 h后,取20 μL解吸液进行液相色谱测定。该方法对于菲、荧蒽和屈的检出限分别为0.17、0.17和0.08 μg/L;精密度(以测定0.5 μg/L PAHs标准溶液6次的相对标准偏差计)小于8%;实际样品中3种PAHs的加标回收率为80.0%～107%。该方法快速简便,纤维一次性使用,克服了污染物在纤维上残留的问题。     

β-环糊精修饰SiO_2复合材料固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中芴、菲和荧蒽

采用β-环糊精修饰SiO_2复合材料(β-CD@SiO_2)固相萃取,高效液相色谱法测定,建立了环境水样中3种多环芳烃芴、菲和荧蒽的分析方法。考察了影响该复合材料固相萃取芴、菲、荧蒽的各种因素,在选定实验条件下,方法对目标物的富集倍数为30倍,芴、菲和荧蒽线性范围分别为17.0~3 300ng/mL、7.0~3 300ng/mL和3.0~3 300ng/mL,检出限分别为2.10、0.50和0.47ng/mL,回收率范围为96.3%~106.0%。所建立的方法成功用于湖水和下水道污水中芴、菲和荧蒽的检测。     

超高效合相色谱快速分析塑料制品中的18种多环芳烃

建立了一种超高效合相色谱-二极管阵列检测器快速分析塑料制品中萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、(屈艹) 、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(j)荧蒽、苯并(e)芘、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝(二萘嵌苯)的方法。以甲苯为溶剂,超声萃取实际塑料制品中的多环芳烃,经超高效合相色谱分析。采用Daicel IB-3手性色谱柱,以CO₂为流动相,甲醇/乙腈(25:75, v/v)为流动相助溶剂,在柱温为40 ℃,背压为15.17 MPa的条件下,18种多环芳烃在8.5 min之内实现基线分离。18种多环芳烃的线性范围为0.05~50 mg/L(r≥0.9995),定量限(S/N> 10)为0.05 mg/L。加标回收率为78.3%~117.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)小于5%。该方法具有分析速度快、分离效率高、节约有机溶剂的优点。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中的萘、联苯、蒽

建立了测定饮用水中萘、联苯、蒽的气相色谱-质谱方法。水中的萘、联苯、蒽被二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液浓缩后进行气相色谱-质谱分析,以峰面积外标法定量。萘、联苯、蒽的线性范围分别为0.001512μg/L、0.001~8μg/L和0.001~8μg/L。萘、联苯、蒽的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,低、高浓度样品的加标回收率为89.2%~98.5%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~8.7%。萘、联苯、蒽的最低检出浓度分别为0.0002、0.0001、0.0001μg/L。该法适合于饮用水中萘、联苯、蒽的测定。     

在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中二异丙基萘、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯

建立了在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中二异丙基萘、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯的方法。样品经正己烷液-液萃取,浓缩定容,经凝胶渗透色谱柱净化后,用DB-5MS色谱柱(25 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,质谱检测,内标法定量。在0.5μg/L、1.5μg/L和3.0μg/L 3个加标浓度下,3种目标物的平均回收率在95.45%～107.80%之间,相对标准偏差在2.64%～6.26%之间,3种目标物的方法检出限分别为0.01μg/L、0.5μg/L和0.5μg/L。该方法操作简单,分析成本低,适合水中二异丙基萘、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯的检测。     

基于七元瓜环多维配位聚合物的新型固相微萃取纤维的制备及对环境水样中多环芳烃的检测应用

以四氯化镉酸根离子[CdCl4]2-诱导形成的Eu3+-七元瓜环(Q[7]/Eu)多维配位聚合物为涂层材料,采用高温环氧树脂固定涂层制备了一种新型固相微萃取纤维。利用电镜和热重分析对纤维的表面形态和热稳定性进行了考察。实验结果表明该聚合物涂层表面疏松、多孔,热稳定性好。在优化的实验条件下(萃取温度75℃,NaCl质量浓度为200 g/L,萃取时间40 min,250℃下解吸2 min)结合GC/FID的方法测定了水样中萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘7种多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物。7种PAHs的线性范围为1~1 000μg/L,检出限在0.29~2.09μg/L之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)不大于8.6%。将建立的方法用于实际样品花溪河水中PAHs加标回收率的测定,回收率在97.2%~109.0%之间,结果令人满意。在各自的最优萃取条件下,该涂层对7种PAHs的萃取效果与商品PDMS的萃取效果相当,证明该Q[7]/Eu多维配位聚合物在固相微萃取方面具有应用潜力。     

十八烷基离子液体杂化固相微萃取整体柱用于检测咖啡中的多环芳烃

以自制的1-十八烷基-3-(γ-三乙氧基硅基丙基)咪唑溴盐离子液体(C18IL)、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷(DDS)和四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)为功能单体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了烷基咪唑基离子液体管内固相微萃取整体柱(C18IL in-tube SPME).以多环芳烃为分析对象,考察了C_(18)IL含量对C_(18)IL in-tube SPME萃取性能的影响,并对萃取条件进行了优化.建立了基于C_(18)IL in-tube SPME-气相色谱(GC-FID)的分析方法,用于检测萘、芴、菲、荧蒽和芘5种多环芳烃.该方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.007~0.072μg/L,定量限(S/N=10)为0.023~0.24μg/L,日内和日间精密度(RSD)除菲类多环芳烃外均小于10%.将该方法用于检测咖啡中5种多环芳烃,3个不同浓度下的加标回收率为85.79%~103.42%.     

固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用测定水样中的痕量苯并(k)荧蒽

研究了固相微萃取(SPME)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用测定水样中痕量苯并(k)荧蒽的的分析方法。对SPME的条件如萃取时间、萃取温度、离子强度、解吸方式、解吸溶剂、解吸时间和HPLC条件进行了优化，建立了SPME-HPLC联用分析水样中痕量苯并(k)荧蒽的方法，并用于自来水、雨水和纯净水等实际水样的分析。SPME优化的条件为室温、搅拌速度1100r／min、萃取时间30min、甲醇解吸溶剂、解吸时间2min。HPLC的条件为C18反相色谱柱、甲醇流动相、流速1mL/min、紫外检测器、波长244nm，以峰高为测量信号。方法的线性范围为0～8．00μg／L，检出限为0．014μg／L，相对标准偏差(n=6)为6．7％，回收率为82．0％～104．2％。该方法适合于水样中痕量苯并(k)荧蒽的分析。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.