超临界流体萃取—气相色谱法测定水果和疏菜中有机磷农药残留量

报道了一种用超临界流体认萃取水果疏菜中多种残留有机磷的方法。样品与硅藻土混合后用超临界ＣＯ２提取（萃取压力为３０ＭＰａ,温度为５０℃）,乙酸乙酯收集。２ｇ样品浓药残留农药残留回收率为８２％～１０８％,相对标准偏差为４．６％～１１％（ｎ＝６）。测定了西红柿、草莓、金桔和柠蒙等样品。测得的结果与传统方法一致,本方法快速、准确。     

超临界流体分级萃取正构烷烃和多环芳烃

本工作用超临界ＣＯ２对环境模拟样品中的正构烷烃和多环芳烃的超临界分级萃取方法及超临界ＣＯ２的压力，温度和用量对分级效率的影响进行了详细的研究。结果表明，在低压、低温下（８０ＭＰａ，５０℃）能成功地分级萃取正构烷烃和多环芳烃，其Ｃ１０～Ｃ１８的萃取率为９９．９４％～５９．２８％，而多环芳烃基本未被萃取。当压力升至２６．０ＭＰａ、温度升至８０℃时，可有效地萃取多环芳烃，实现了正构烷烃和多环芳烃的有效分离     

环境模拟样品中多环芳烃的超临界流体萃取I．利用正交设计选择最佳萃取条件

采用正交设计实验方法，研究了从环境模拟样品中超临界流体萃取（ＳＦＥ）多环芳烃（ＰＡＨ）的最佳萃取条件。着重考察了超临界流体的压力、温度和用量等对萃取效率的影响。结果表明，压力的影响居第一位，温度影响次之，超临界ＣＯ２的用量的影响居第三位。建立了选择超临界流体萃取条件的简单方法     

超临界二氧化碳萃取秋水仙碱（英文）

 利用超临界二氧化碳对秋水仙块根（经粉碎）中的秋水仙碱进行了萃取,采用高效液相色谱法对萃取出的秋水仙碱的质量分数进行了测定。实验选择40℃20～40MPa作为超临界苹取的操作条件,采用体积分数为95％的乙醇在索氏提取器中对样品进行了对比苹取实验。结果表明:不加浸泡剂进行浸泡处理的样品中的秋水仙碱很难被超临界二氧化碳萃取,在40℃,35MPa条件下,消耗1．28mol的二氧化碳只得到3％的萃取率。加入极少量的有机溶剂浸泡处理样品15min后再进行超临界萃取,可以极大程度地提高秋水仙碱的萃取率。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取秋水仙碱（英文）

利用超临界二氧化碳对秋水仙块根（经粉碎）中的秋水仙碱进行了萃取,采用高效液相色谱法对萃取出的秋水仙碱的质量分数进行了测定。实验选择40℃20～40MPa作为超临界苹取的操作条件,采用体积分数为95％的乙醇在索氏提取器中对样品进行了对比苹取实验。结果表明:不加浸泡剂进行浸泡处理的样品中的秋水仙碱很难被超临界二氧化碳萃取,在40℃,35MPa条件下,消耗1．28mol的二氧化碳只得到3％的萃取率。加入极少量的有机溶剂浸泡处理样品15min后再进行超临界萃取,可以极大程度地提高秋水仙碱的萃取率。在所选的浸泡剂乙醚、丙酮、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇中,乙醇浸泡效果最佳,经浸泡后,在40℃,35MPa条件下进行超临界二氧化碳萃取,仅消耗0．21mol的二氧化碳,一次苹取的秋水仙碱萃取率就达80％。秋水仙碱的质量分数从原植物样品中的0．18％提高到萃取物中的6．92％,提高了近38倍,而有机溶剂乙醇提取只能达到0．98％,仅提高了5倍。超临界苹取后的样品经简单的过滤即可进样进行HPLC分析,有机溶剂乙醇提取则需要氯仿苹取、溶剂回收等样品制备过程。HPLC分离测定秋水仙碱采用苯基柱,甲醇-水梯度洗脱,流速0．5mL／min,UV检测λ=353um,经选择,其最佳条件为：从V（甲醇）：V（水）=50：50开始,15min内到V     

超临界流体萃取法对有机锡化合物的选择性萃取

研究了用超临界流体萃取法直接从脂肪基质的固体样品（大豆粉）中选择性地萃取有机锡化合物的方法。模拟试样萃取结果表明：用较低压力和较高温度的超临界态ＣＯ２作流动相时，有机锡达到最大萃取率，而脂肪类物质仅被少量萃取，从而消除了脂肪类物质对超临界流体色谱法测定有机锡的干扰。     

超临界流体萃取法对有机锡化合物的选择性萃取

 研究了用超临界流体萃取法直接从脂肪基质的固体样品（大豆粉）中选择性地萃取有机锡化合物的方法。模拟试样萃取结果表明：用较低压力和较高温度的超临界态ＣＯ２作流动相时，有机锡达到最大萃取率，而脂肪类物质仅被少量萃取，从而消除了脂肪类物质对超临界流体色谱法测定有机锡的干扰。     

茶叶中7种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的检测方法

建立了一种同时测定茶叶中７种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的气相色谱方法,试样中的拟除虫菊酯酯农药残留经丙酮－水（体积比８：１）体系萃取,正己烷反萃取,然后用乙腈萃取,弗罗里硅土柱净化,以ＧＣ－ＥＣＧ方法测定,外标法定量。实验表明,试样中添加质量分数（ｗ）０．０１＊１０＾－６－１．０＊１０＾－６含量水平的联苯菊酯,氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯,方法回收率为７５．０％－１０３．０％,最小检测含量０．１＊１０＾－７（ｗ）;试样中添加０．００２＊１０＾－６－０．２０＊１０＾－６含量水平的甲氰菊酯,方法回收率为９２．０％－１００．０％,最小检测含量０．２＊１０＾－８（ｗ）;试样中添加０．００１＊１０＾－６－０．１０＾－６含量水平的三氟氯氰菊酯,方法回收率为９６．０％－１０２．０％,最小检测含量０．１＊１０＾－８（ｗ）。同     

同位素稀释气相色谱串联质谱法测定海产品中的苯并（α）芘的残留量

采用同位素稀释法结合固相萃取净化,建立了海产品中苯并（α）芘残留的气相色谱串联质谱（6C—MS／MS）检测方法。样品经乙腈一丙酮（体积比6：4）溶液提取,硅胶固相萃取净化,苯并（μ）芘用GC—MS／MS测定,同位素D12-苯并芘内标法定量。方法的平均回收率为93％-98％,相对标准偏差为6.2％～12．2％（n=6）,定量限为0．2μg／kg。用该方法测定FAPAS烟熏鱼有证标准样品,测定值与标准值一致。     

流动注射在线萃取—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品痕量钯

应用流动注射在线萃取技术将ＰｄＣｌ＾２－６萃入２－巯基苯并噻唑－甲基异丁基酮直接进行石墨炉原子吸收测定。研究了流动注射在线萃取－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中钯的实验条件、流路参数等。采样速率为２０样／ｈ,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１０）为４．８％,测定Ｐｄ的特征质量为２．６＊１０＾－１１。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.