CuO/Ce0.5Ti0.5O2的制备与表征及其对NO+CO反应的催化活性

以Ce0.5Ti0.5O2为载体, 采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的CuO/Ce0.5Ti0.5O2催化剂, 通过TPR、XRD和激光Raman光谱等技术对其进行了表征, 并在色谱-微反装置上考察了催化剂对NO+CO反应催化性能. 结果表明, CuO/Ce0.5Ti0.5O2催化剂对NO+CO反应的活性与CuO负载量有关; 500 ℃焙烧的催化剂, 当CuO的负载量(w)为22%时, 催化剂的活性最好; 14%CuO/Ce0.5Ti0.5O2在700 ℃焙烧具有最佳催化活性, 这可能与复合载体形成了CeTi2O6的结构有关. TPR结果表明, CuO在Ce0.5Ti0.5O2上出现了四种还原能力不同的物种, α和β峰是载体表面高度分散的CuO物种, γ峰是与Ce0.5Ti0.5O2相互作用较强的孤立CuO晶簇的还原峰, δ峰是载体表面晶相CuO的还原峰; XRD结果表明700 ℃焙烧的样品中已出现了新复合氧化物CeTi2O6的晶相峰, 随焙烧温度的升高, 此晶相峰也变得更加明显, 这说明高温焙烧有利于Ce与Ti发生固相反应而形成CeTi2O6结构; Raman结果表明, 焙烧后的Ce0.5Ti0.5O2并不是简单的TiO2和CeO2的复合, 而是形成了新的晶相结构, 这也进一步验证了CeTi2O6结构的生成.     

CuO/Ti0.5Zr0.5 O2催化剂上NO+CO反应活性的研究

以Ti0.5Zr0.5O2复合氧化物为载体，采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的CuO／Ti0.5Zr0.5O2(TZ)催化剂，考察了催化剂对NO的反应活性，并用TPR、TG-DTA和NO-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，CuO的负载量和焙烧温度对催化剂的活性均有影响。30％CuO／Ti0.5Zr0.5O2(500℃，2h)在反应温度为400℃时NO转化率为100％。TPR结果表明，CuO负载量≤12％时，在TPR上出现了2个还原峰(即α和β峰)；而进一步提高CuO的负载量，出现了γ还原峰，推测α峰为高度分散Cu物种的还原，β峰为孤立的Cu物种的还原，γ峰则为晶相CuO的还原峰。TG-DTA图谱显示在725℃左右的放热峰是ZrTiO4晶化过程的完成。NO-TPD结果表明NO吸附在TZ上的热脱附过程中，出现2个脱附峰；而NO吸附在12％CuO／TZ上，500℃和750℃焙烧的催化剂上出现3个脱附峰；而在850℃和950℃焙烧的催化剂上只出现2个脱附峰，且NO在上述不同焙烧温度的催化剂上的脱附峰温均低于载体，这表明NO吸附在CuO／TZ催化剂上比吸附在Ti0.5Zr0.5O2上更容易脱出和分解。     

CuO/Ce-Zr-La-O催化剂的表征及CO氧化活性

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ce-Zr-La-O固溶体为载体，制备CuO／Ce-Zr-La-O催化剂，用XRD，Raman，TPR等实验技术对Ce-Zr-La-O固溶体及CuO／Ce-Zr-La-O的物相、Redox性能进行了表征。实验结果表明，Ce0.7Cr0.3-yLayO固溶体的还原性能与La含量有关，适量的La能促进固溶体的氧化还原。CuO的负载量为6％时，CuO／Ce0．7Zr0.15La0.15O的活性最高，高分散且与载体相互作用的CuO是CO氧化活性相。     

由钯纳米溶胶制备Pd/Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2催化剂及其表征研究

采用超声膜扩散还原法制备出金属Pd纳米溶胶,然后从Pd纳米溶胶出发,采用不同方法制备出系列纳米Pd/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂。采用TEM观察Pd纳米粒子的形貌,采用N2吸/脱附,XRD,TPR和ICP对Pd/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂进行表征,并考察比较了各催化剂对CO+O2的催化活性差别,结果表明:先制备Pd纳米溶胶,再负载于载体上的方法制得的催化剂金属负载量较低,但是其活性最高,CO在150℃就能完全转化,金属分散度较高,活性Pd物种还原温度低,催化剂的CO低温活性与H2还原温度和金属分散度有关。这种催化剂制备方法为在提高催化剂活性的同时降低贵金属用量提供了可能。     

Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂在水煤气变换反应中的电导研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同载体(Ce0.6Zr0.4O2,CeO2和ZrO2)负载的Pt基水煤气变换反应(WGSR)催化剂, 并对其进行了活性评价. 利用X射线衍射(XRD), 程序升温还原(TPR)和原位电导等技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, Ce0.6Zr0.4O2固溶体具有比CeO2更高的氧转移能力, 因此促进了Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂的WGSR活性.     

介孔Ce1-xZrxO2负载的Cu基催化剂在富氢条件下催化CO选择性氧化

采用多元醇为模板剂合成了介孔Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0.2,0.35,0.5)固溶体材料,并以其为载体负载CuO制备了Cu基催化剂.应用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附和N2吸附-脱附等技术对载体及催化剂进行了表征,并研究了Zr的取代比例x值对载体和Cu基催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,所有Ce1-xZrxO2样品均为介孔材料,其中Ce0.5-Zr0.5O2载体样品有较大的比表面积(181m2/g),CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品在富氢条件下有较高的催化CO选择性氧化反应的活性和选择性.与其他催化剂样品相比,CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品中形成的活性中心更多,分散性更好,对CO的吸附量更大,CO脱附温度更低,活性组分与载体的相互作用更强。     

CuO/Mn2O3 /γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备、表征及其在CO氧化反应中的性能研究

采用浸渍法在γ-Al2O3载体上分步负载改性剂Mn2O3和活性组分CuO,制备了一系列不同配比的CuO/Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并运用CO+O2模型反应、XRF、XRD、H2-TPR、in-situ FTIR等手段表征了催化剂的活性和物理化学性质。活性测试结果表明,锰氧化物对γ-Al2O3载体的改性能有效地提高CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂在CO+O2模型反应中的催化活性。XRD结果表明,锰氧化物对γ-Al2O3载体的改性可以促进氧化铜在载体表面的分散,从而提高了分散态氧化铜的含量,不过这与活性变化的趋势并不完全一致。进一步结合H2-TPR、in-situ FTIR表征结果 ,我们发现,分散态铜、锰氧化物的还原性质也是影响其催化活性的重要因素,催化剂中分散态铜、锰物种越容易被还原,其对CO+O2模型反应的催化活性就越高。     

制备方法对CuO—Ce0．7Zr0．3O2催化剂的氧缺位和CO氧化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法和溶胶-凝胶 浸渍法两种方法制备了CuO-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂,并对催化剂进行了XRD、Raman等表征,考察了催化剂的CO氧化性能.研究结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的CuO-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂的CO氧化活性明显高于溶胶-凝胶 浸渍法制备的CuO/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂,CuO-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂容易形成氧缺位和表面高分散CuO的颗粒较大,从而提高催化活性.     

ZrO2对CuO／γ—Al2O3催化剂CO氧化性能的影响

用流动反应法、TPR、TPO和TG等技术研究了ZrO2的改性和CuO负载量对Cuo／y－Al2O3催化剂的氧化性能及还原行为的影响．实验结果表明，在低负载量（wCuO=15%以下）时，ZrO2对γ-Al2O3的改性可明显提高CuO／γ-Al2O3催化剂的CO氧化活性．ZrO2的存在可增加活性铜物种在载体表面的富集和有效地促进CU2+物种的氧化还原循环，增加CuO催化剂表面上铜物种的可还原量，从而促进CuO催化剂的氧化活性．     

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2对CH4燃烧催化剂Fe2O3/Al2O3的改性作用

固定n(Ce)/n(Zr)比为0.67/0.33,用共沉淀法制得一系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3固溶体.采用这些固溶体作载体,以Fe2O3为活性组分,用浸渍法制备了一系列催化剂.BET结果显示,将适量Ce0.67Zr0.33O2引入到Al2O3载体中有助于催化剂保持较高的比表面积.TPR结果显示,载体中引入适量的Ce0.67Zr0.33O2可以改善催化剂的氧化还原性能.XRD结果表明,Fe2O3在CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3载体上呈现出良好的分散状况,老化前后催化剂的晶相结构基本无明显变化.特别是当载体中m(Ce0.67Zr0.33O2)∶m(Al2O3)的值为1∶2时,Fe2O3/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中显示出最佳的催化性能和抗高温老化性能.     

Eu0.5RE0.5Fe0.5Mn0.5O3的57Fe Msosbauer谱研究

利用固相反应合成了Eu0.5RE0.5Fe0.5Mn0.5O3(RE=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Y)等化合物。测量了其XRD谱及57FeMssbauer谱。实验发现,随着RE原子序数的增加,样品的晶胞体积减小,Fe在化合物中处于Fe3+的高自旋状态,57Fe的四极裂矩与样品的畸变参数D成线性关系。     

聚苯胺/Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4纳米复合材料的制备及电磁性能

采用高分子凝胶法制备尖晶石型Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4,原位聚合法制备纯聚苯胺和聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5-Fe2O4纳米复合材料.使用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对复合材料进行了表征.FTIR和XRD的结果表明样品为纯聚苯胺和聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5-Fe2O4.UV-Vis光谱表明聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4苯环上的π-π*和n-π*分别红移了23nm和5nm.TEM照片可知,聚苯胺和聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粒子的平均粒径分别约为50nm和70nm.在8.2～12.4GHz测试频率范围内,聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4的ε″数值在9.2～12.3之间,u″数值在0.15～0.16之间;聚苯胺/Co0.5-Zn0.5Fe2O4介电损耗低于纯聚苯胺,而磁损耗高于纯聚苯胺.     

Strained Structure in Ho0.5Sr0.5MnO3

The Ho_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ perovskite, synthesized in air, has been studied by combining neutron powder and electron diffraction techniques. The Pnma-type structure exhibits a strong tilting of the MnO₆ octahedra. This octahedra tilting and microtwinning involve a complex strained structure. No structural transition is observed down to 1.4 K, but short-range A-type antiferromagnetism running over only a few perovskite subcells is evidenced below ≈90 K. The different behavior of this perovskite compared to other Ln_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ perovskites is discussed in terms of A-site cationic mismatch.     

Non-random cation distribution in hexagonal Al0.5Ga0.5PO4

Based on powder X-ray diffraction and ³¹P Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) investigations of mixed phosphate Al_0.5Ga_0.5PO₄, prepared by co-precipitation method followed by annealing at 900 °C for 24 h, it is shown that Al_0.5Ga_0.5PO₄ phase crystallizes in hexagonal form with lattice parameter a=0.491(2) and c=1.106(4) nm. This hexagonal phase of Al_0.5Ga_0.5PO₄ is similar to that of pure GaPO₄. The ³¹P MAS NMR spectrum of the mixed phosphate sample consists of five peaks with systematic variation of their chemical shift values and is arising due to existence of P structural units having varying number of the Al³⁺/Ga³⁺ cations as the next nearest neighbors in the solid solution. Based on the intensity analysis of the component NMR spectra of Al_0.5Ga_0.5PO₄, it is inferred that the distribution of Al³⁺ and Ga³⁺ cations is non-random for the hexagonal Al_0.5Ga_0.5PO₄ sample although XRD patterns showed a well-defined solid solution formation.     

水热法合成K0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米陶瓷粉体

K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃(KBT)nanocrystalline particles were hydrothermally synthesized from Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O, TiO₂ and KOH. The crystal phase, chemical composition and microstructure were characterized by XRD, XRF, Raman scattering spectroscopy and TEM. The results indicated that the products were pure perovskite structured K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ with chemical stoichiometry and perovskite structure. The TEM observation revealed that the particles possessed a feature of cubic shape and a nano-scale of about 40 nm. The KBT ceramics sintered at 1 040 ℃ from hydrothermal powders show higher density and better electric properties than that prepared by a solid-state reaction method.     

Structural evolution of Na0.5K0.5NbO3 at high temperatures

Changes in structure and dielectric properties at elevated temperatures have been investigated on single-crystals of sodium potassium niobate, Na_0.5K_0.5NbO₃, grown by the flux method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the crystals underwent orthorhombic-tetragonal and tetragonal-cubic phase transitions at 465 and 671 K during heating and 446 and 666 K during cooling, respectively. Both transitions were accompanied by volumetric discontinuities of collapse upon heating and expansion upon cooling, suggesting that the transitions were of the first order. The coordination numbers of an Nb showed a decreasing tendency with decreasing temperature, i.e., 6 in cubic, 5+1 in tetragonal and 4+2 in orthorhombic. An Na atom occupied a slightly different position from the K atom in 12-fold coordination, resulting in fewer coordination numbers of 8+4 in cubic and tetragonal and 7+5 in orthorhombic. The spontaneous polarisation (P_s) estimated from the atom positions and formal charges were approximately 0.29 C m⁻² in orthorhombic and 0.18 C m⁻² in tetragonal. The contribution of the alkaline oxide components to P_s was estimated to be approximately 15% in both ferroelectric forms. The temperature-induced transitions were also confirmed through the dielectric constant and dielectric loss at various frequencies and the differential scanning calorimetry.     

Thermoelectric properties of HPHT sintered In-doped Pb0.5Sn0.5Te

The thermoelectric properties of Pb_0.5Sn_0.5Te doped with In at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0×10¹⁹/cm³ and sintered at a high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) of 4.0 GPa and 800 or 900 °C, respectively, have been studied. All samples show p-type semiconducting behavior with positive thermopower. We find that HPHT sintering of conventionally synthesized materials improves their thermoelectric properties. The highest power factor is obtained for In doping of 2.0×10¹⁹/cm³ with 13.5 μW/cm K² at 230 °C. The corresponding figure of merit is 1.43×10⁻³/K. This represents a twofold improvement in thermoelectric figure of merit, compared to the conventionally sintered materials reported in the literature. When exposed to 400 °C for 10 days, samples sintered at 900 °C exhibit more stable thermoelectric properties, while the properties of those sintered at 800 °C deteriorated. These results demonstrate that HPHT sintering is a viable and controllable way of tuning the thermoelectric properties of PbTe-based materials.     

A Fe Mössbauer study of charge ordering and phase separation in the rare-earth manganates, Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3

Mössbauer studies of 2% ⁵⁷Fe-doped Nd_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃ and Nd_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ have been carried out over the 4.2-300 K range after ensuring that such doping does not change their basic properties. The charge-ordering transition in these manganates is marked by abrupt changes in the quadrupole splitting. In the case of Nd_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃, two phases manifest themselves on cooling below the charge-ordering transition temperature. The evolution of the spectra as a function of temperature shows that long-range magnetic order does not occur sharply. The observed evolution with temperature is different in the two materials studied. In Nd_0.5Ca_0.5Mn_0.98⁵⁷Fe_0.02O₃, it resembles that of a disordered magnetic material, whereas the temperature dependence of line shape of Nd_0.5Sr_0.5Mn_0.98⁵⁷Fe_0.02O₃ is typical of a superparamagnetically relaxed magnetic system. Although both the manganates show well-resolved magnetic hyperfine spectra at 4.2 K, the lines are slightly broad indicating possible coexistence of phases at low temperatures. A weak paramagnetic signal is also seen in the spectra of both the manganates at 4.2 K.     

Ce0.5Zr0.5O2固溶体的制备、晶粒增长及应用研究

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法,以乙醇为溶剂,制备得到形貌良好的铈锆固溶体Ce0.5Zr0.5O2,通过XRD,SEM,BET等手段进行了表征,XRD结果表明该法合成的Ce0.5Zr0.5O2具有四方晶相,无富铈或富锆相峰的出现。1000℃退火3 h后,表面积仍达25.1 m2.g-1。比表面积(SBET)和理论比表面积(SXRD)、晶粒尺寸(DXRD)和理论晶粒尺寸(SXRD)的计算比较,证明发生了颗粒团聚。根据XRD数据计算,Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的颗粒增长活化能为3.99 kJ.mol-1,较低的活化能归结为氧空位的产生。将制备的Ce0.5Zr0.5O2应用于催化碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的合成,催化效果良好。     

表面化学镀对贮氢合金MmNi3.8Co0.5Mn0.4Al0.3性能的影响

在贮氢合金ＭｍＮｉ３．８Ｃｏ０．５Ｍｎ０．４Ａｌ０．３（Ｍｍ为混合希土）粉末表面分别进行化学镀Ｃｕ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ，Ｎｉ－Ｗ。结果表明不同化学镀对合金贮氢性能有很大影响。