乙胺和二甲胺分子(n_N,3s)里德堡态共振的多光子电离

MPI质谱研究作为化学分析和研究光物理过程的工具受到广泛的重视[1－4]．REMPI的特征过程是，首先分子吸收。个光子共振激发到中间态，然后处于中间激发态的分子再吸收n个光子激发到电离连续区[5]．REMPI的谱特征可以给出中间态分布的详细信息[6]，利用REMPI过程可研究单光子跃     

香豆素酮染料光谱性质的研究

近年来,许多具有“推一拉”电子结构的分子内电行转移激光染料的光谱性质的研究引起人们极大的关注[1-5]．研究染料在不同条件下光物理性质行为不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且使激光染料能有效地应用于光功能材料．香豆素酮染料作为一种重要的激光染料,已经在光聚合、光固化等领域中得到广泛应用[6,7]．在这类化合物中不同位置的取代对其光物理性质的研究已有报导[8,9],但香豆素酮染料在不同的非质子传递溶剂中的光物理行为的研究至今未见报导．鉴于以前关于香豆素染料文献报导常涉及到用醇、水等质子传递溶剂,为了避免溶剂与溶质间的氢…     

吡啶酮偶氮分散染料光谱性能

吡啶酮分散染料应用性能优异 ,其色谱主要为黄色及橙色 ,尤以黄色为主 [1～ 3]。Cheng和 Peng等 [2 ,3] 对以氨基噻二唑类和苯系芳胺为重氮组分的吡啶酮类染料的可见光谱及互变异构进行了研究 ,Ertan等 [4 ] 研究了以氨基噻唑和氨基苯并噻唑为重氮组分的吡啶酮偶氮染料的可见光谱 ,结果表明上述染料色谱主要仍为黄色。为得到具有更深色谱的吡啶酮类染料 ,我们用不同的重氮组分合成了一系列吡啶酮分散染料 ,研究了其在不同溶剂及不同 p H值下的光谱 ,发现该类染料亦可达到红、甚至蓝色谱 ,其中染料 1 a、1 b及 2 b3个染料结构未见报道。O2 …     

取代苄基吡啶类季铵盐的制备及其杀菌活性

采用吡啶或2-氨基吡啶与取代苄基衍生物反应获得3种苄基吡啶类季铵盐．即：溴化苄基吡啶盐（[Bz—Py]Br）,溴化苄基-2-氨基吡啶盐（[Bz-2-NH2Py]Br）和溴化对硝基苄基吡啶盐（[NO2Bzpy]Br]）．通过元素分析,红外光谱和电子喷雾质谱等手段进行了组成分析和结构表征,并以绿脓杆菌和金葡萄球菌为致病菌体测定了3种盐的杀菌活性．实验结果表明,所制备的3种吡啶类季铵盐具有良好的杀菌性能．     

邻香草醛缩牛磺酸Schiff碱铕（Ⅲ）配合物与DNA的插入作用

合成了3种铕（Ⅲ）与邻香草醛缩牛磺酸Schiff碱配合物[EuTOvL（NO3）]·2H2O（TOy：Schiff碱配体,L^1：1,10-邻菲咯啉,L^2：2,2＇-联吡啶,L^3：2-氨基吡啶）,并对其进行了结构表征;采用荧光光谱法和黏度法研究了配合物与DNA的相互作用模式．实验结果表明3种配合物对DNA均有不同强度的插入作用,其插入能力在一定范围内与配合物的浓度正相关,且与配合物分子适宜的平面性有关,3种配合物对DNA插入能力顺序为：[EuTOvL^1（NO3）]·2H2O〉[EuTOvL^2（NO3）]·2H2O〉[EuTOvL^3（NO3）]·2H2O．     

在超声分子束条件下Mn2(CO)10的多光子电离解离

近年来，人们对具有金属－金属键的Mn2（CO）10分子的光解离电离动力学的研究十分关注．这一方面是由于其独特的分子结构可以获得丰富的光化学及其化学性质方面的信息；另一方面从其结构和光活性之间的关系，有助于了解双核金属有机化合物在催化反应中所起的作用．Leutwyler和Even[1]曾在超声分子来条件下，用脉冲染料激光实现了Mn2（CO）10的多光子电离解离（MPID）过程，获得Mni＋（i＝1，2，3）金属碎片离子．Lichin等人[2]曾用511nm和483nm激光引起Mn2（CO）10的气相多光子解离和电离，测得产物中除了Mn＋，Mn2＋和MnCO＋离子…     

TiO2纳米晶电极上半菁衍生物分子设计中空间位阻效应的研究

设计合成了具有不同空间位阻的吡啶盐类和喹啉盐类半菁染料(E)-N-(4—磺酸 根丙基)-4-[2-4（4-N，N-二乙基氨基苯基）乙烯基]吡啶鎓盐（EPS），（E）-N-(4- 磺酸根丁基）-4-[2-(4-N,N-二乙氨基苯基）乙烯基]吡啶鎓盐（EPS4）和（E） -N-（4-磺酸根丁基）-4-[2-（4-N，N-二乙基氨基苯基）喹啉鎓盐（EQS4），研究了它们 的光物理性质，并将它们用作TiO2纳米晶电极的光敏化剂引入光电化学电池中。 研究发现:对于吡啶类半菁染料而言，无论是以三个亚甲基或是以四个亚甲基来连接 吸附基团RSO3^-和发色团时，单个的EPS和EPS4分子的光电响应行为一致．但是由于 以三个亚甲基来连接时，与EPS4相比，染料EPS的空间位阻相对较小，有利于其在 多孔膜上的吸附，最终结果是染料EPS对TiO2纳米晶电极的敏化作用好于EPS4．以喹啉 环为受电子基团的染料EQS4与同样含有四个亚甲基的以吡啶环为受电 子基团的EPS4相比，单个EQS4分子的光电响应行为虽然好于EPS4分子，但由于 EQS4分子间的空间位阻较大，影响了它在多孔电极上的吸附，致使其敏化的太阳能 电池的总光电转换效率有所下降．     

一种带有酯基并键合电子给体的新型Ru(bpy)3的设计、合成及光谱和电化学性能

设计、合成了一种新型Ru(bpy)3类的光敏染料，利用ESL-MS和1D，2D-NMR(gCOSY，HSQC和HMBC)对化合物的结构进行了鉴定，并通过UV-vis、荧光光谱、闪光光解及电化学对其光谱和氧化还原特性进行了研究．结果表明：四个酯基及给电子配体的引入，改变了配合物的光谱特性和氧化还原电位，使其蚴带的最大吸收波长与[Ru(bpy)3]^2 相比发生了红移，拓宽了光谱的吸收范围，提高了对太阳能的利用效率；^3MLCT激发态寿命长，有利于发生分子内电子转移；在较宽的电位范围内具有很好的氧化-还原可逆性，且氧化电位Ru^3 ／Ru^2 与[Ru(bpy)3]^2 相比提高了～360mV，增强了电子传递的驱动力，说明该染料是一种潜在的太阳能电池的光敏剂．     

多胺修饰β-环糊精及其铜配合物对几种模型底物的分子识别

用荧光和紫外光谱滴定技术分别测定了β－环糊精（1）、单-[6-(乙二胺基）－6－脱氧]-β－环糊精(2)，单-[6-(二乙烯三胺基）－6－脱氧]-β－环糊精(3)、单-[6-(三乙烯四胺基）－6－脱氧]-β－环糊精(4)及其相应的铜配合物（5，6，7）在25℃，pH为7．2和2．0的缓冲溶液中，与几种染料分子作为模型底物形成超分子配合物的稳定常数。结果表明，环糊精和修饰环糊精均使客体RhB的荧光强度下降，而使其它客体分子的荧光强度增强。与母体环糊精相比，铜键合修饰β－环糊精和修饰环糊精质子化可以增强主客体间的静电相互作用，从而提高对一些底物的键合能力。从主客体间的尺寸与形状关系讨论了主体（1－7）对染料分子识别的机理。     

有机硒桥联环糊精对染料分子的尺寸和形状识别

桥联环糊精拥有两个环糊精单元 ,可以通过两个疏水的环糊精空腔对底物的协同键合来达到对底物分子的多重识别 [1～ 3] .因此 ,拥有各种不同功能基的桥式双环糊精分子识别研究也越来越引人注目[4 ] .我们近来报道了几种有机硒桥联环糊精与客体分子的包结配位作用 ,发现硒 -硒键较之碳 -碳键更长 ,并且具有更大的柔性 ,因此可以明显提高对底物分子的键合能力和选择性[5,6 ] .为了进一步研究有机硒桥联环糊精与底物分子的相互作用 ,本文通过紫外和荧光光谱滴定方法测定了丙二硒桥联环糊精和邻苯二硒桥联环糊精与一系列染料分子的包结配位稳定常…     

Ag/La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 Catalysts for Complete Oxidation of Alcohol Fueled Car Exhausts

Alcohol fuel has been suggested as an alternative for car operation to reduce gasoline consumption^[1]. However, being different from that of gasoline car, alcohol-fueled car exhaust principally contains unburned alcohol and formaldehyde/acetaldehyde^[2]. These volatile C₁/C₂ organics may have an undesirable impact on air quality. Most of the existing catalysts for complete oxidation of alcohol are precious metal catalysts supported by γ-Al₂O₃^[2,3].     

δD and δ13C analyses of atmospheric volatile organic compounds by thermal desorption gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry

This paper describes the establishment of a robust method to determine compound specific δD and δ(13)C values of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a standard mixture ranging between C(6) and C(10) and was applied to various complex emission samples, e.g. from biomass combustion and car exhaust. A thermal desorption (TD) unit was linked to a gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-irMS) to enable compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of gaseous samples. TenaxTA was used as an adsorbent material in stainless steel TD tubes. We determined instrument settings to achieve a minimal water background level for reliable δD analysis and investigated the impact of storage time on δD and δ(13)C values of collected VOCs (176 days and 40 days of storage, respectively). Most of the standard compounds investigated showed standard deviations (SD)<6‰ (δD) when stored for 148 days at 4 °C. However, benzene revealed occasionally D depleted values (21‰ SD) for unknown reasons. δ(13)C analysis demonstrated that storage of 40 days had no effect on VOCs investigated. We also showed that breakthrough (benzene and toluene, 37% and 7%, respectively) had only a negligible effect (0.7‰ and 0.4‰, respectively) on δ(13)C values of VOCs on the sample tube. We established that the sample portion collected at the split flow effluent of the TD unit can be used as a replicate sample for isotope analysis saving valuable sampling time and resources. We also applied TD-GC-irMS to different emission samples (biomass combustion, petrol and diesel car engines exhaust) and for the first time δD values of atmospheric VOCs in the above range are reported. Significant differences in δD of up to 130‰ were observed between VOCs in emissions from petrol car engine exhaust and biomass combustion (Karri tree). However, diesel car emissions showed a high content of highly complex unresolved mixtures thus a baseline separation of VOCs was not achieved for stable hydrogen isotope analysis. The ability to analyse δD by TD-GC-irMS complements the characterisation of atmospheric VOCs and is maybe used for establishing further source(s).     

氮掺杂荧光碳点用于Co2+的超灵敏检测及细胞成像

首次以金银花和乙二胺为原料,通过水热法合成出性能优异的氮掺杂碳点(N-CDs)。制备的N-CDs具有丰富的官能团、良好的水溶性、低细胞毒性、高的荧光稳定性和良好的生物相容性。在最佳条件下,N-CDs能够高选择性地检出Co²⁺,N-CDs的荧光强度在0.5～3.6 nmol·L^-1范围内被Co²⁺线性猝灭,检出限低至1.38 nmol·L^-1,其猝灭机制属于内滤效应和静态猝灭。该方法也已成功应用于实际样品的精确分析。此外,N-CDs还可用于细胞成像及细胞内Co²⁺传感。     

Doping of Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solution with Rare-earth Elements

The increasingly restrictive regulations on car exhaust emissions will necessitate the development of a new generation of three way catalysts (TWC) with better performance1. Ceria (CeO2) is the main component of the current TWC: its key role is to compensate the fluctuations in the exhaust stream composition, therefore, allowing to expand the air/fuel(A/F) operating window of catalytic converters2. This property is related to its oxygen storage capacity (OSC), associated to the redox couple Ce4+/Ce3+. However, CeO2 alone is easy to sinter to lost OSC at high temperature3.Ceria-zirconia (CexZr1-xO2) solid solutions by incorporation of Zr4+ in the CeO2 lattice have enhanced OSC and greater thermal stability, which are becoming the key materials for the new generation of TWC4. OSC of ceria-zirconia solid solutions can be further improved by the addition of M3+ dopants5. Besides Ce, other rare-earth elements such as Pr and Tb can vary their oxidation state. Pr and Tb are particularly suitable for making solid solutions with cerium because the known structure of PrO2 and TbO2 is of the cubic fluorite type, and the ionic radii of Pr4+ and Tb4+ are close to that of Ce4+6.In this paper, Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, La, Pr, Tb) were prepared by co-precipitation technique and characterized by a series of methods. Meanwhile, palladium-only TWCs were prepared by slurry coating and their catalytic activity was evaluated under the condition of simulated exhaust in the lab.XRD and FT-Raman spectra results show Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 have cubic fluorite structure which keep unchanging at high temperature. The different dopant ion radii brought different effect on the cell parameter of Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the binding energy of Ce3d, Zr3d and O1s for Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 rose compared with that for Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, indicating dopant elements changed chemistry environment of solid solutions which was available to improve redox performance From TPR results, doping La can not change redox performance of solid solution, but doping Y decreased reduction temperature. Doping Pr and Tb notably improved redox performance of solid solutions due to appearance of low-temperature reduction peak in TPR profile which come from mobility of bulk oxygen.Compared with Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, doping Y and La unchanged A/F characteristic of TWCs, but doping Pr and Tb widen A/ F operating window and make HC, CO and NO have higher conversion.The light-off temperature of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3La0.1O2 was corresponded to that of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2.However, the light-off temperatures of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, Pr, Tb) were lower than that of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, which kept much lower after high temperature treatments. Among Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, La, Pr, Tb), Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3Tb0.1O2 showed wider A/F operating window,higher conversion, lower light-off temperature and better high-temperature resistance     

Trace enrichment and measurement of platinum by flow injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A flow injection system incorporating an alumina microcolumn has been coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for on-line preconcentration and determination of platinum (IV) in natural waters. Depending on the nature of the sample, a nominal preconcentration factor of up to 600 can be achieved by eluting with 50microl of 2 mol/l NH(4)OH. The limit of detection after a 5 min preconcentration time was 4 ngl(-1), with a relative standard deviation of 4% (100 ngl(-1) working solution). The proposed method was assessed for the determination of platinum (IV) in natural waters, motor car exhaust and some common analytical reagents.     

Detection of trace organophosphorus vapor with a self-assembled bilayer functionalized SiO2 microcantilever piezoresistive sensor

Using piezoresistive SiO₂ microcantilever technology, we present an ultra-sensitive chemical sensor for trace organophosphorus vapor detection. A self-assembled composite layer of Cu²⁺/11-mercaptoundecanoic acid is modified on the surface of the sensing cantilever as a specific coating to capture PO containing compounds. Experimental results indicate that the sensor can be quite sensitive to DMMP vapor (well known as a simulant of nerve agent). The signal-noise-limited detection resolution of the sensor is experimentally obtained as low as several parts per billion. Besides that the sensor can yield reversible and repeatable response to DMMP vapor, adsorption of DMMP on the self-assembled composite layer is well fit to the Langmuir isotherm model.     

Emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons from cars in China

This study investigated the exhaust emission of non-methane hydrocarbons(NMHCs) from cars in China at the Beijing driving cycle on the chassis dynamometer.The emission factor average of NMHCs was 0.9 g/km,which was over twice that from the Australian car fleet and 2-4 times that of the American car emission in the 1990s-2000s.The emission profile of Beijing cars showed higher fractions of aromatics and C4?C7 HCs,and lower percentages of C2?C3 HCs,compared with those of the US car fleet.The average ratio of ...     

Development and characterization of a mobile photoacoustic sensor for on-line soot emission monitoring in diesel exhaust gas

Upcoming regulations for vehicle exhaust emission demand substantial reduction of particle emission in diesel exhaust. To achieve these emission levels, the car manufacturing industry is developing new combustion concepts and exhaust after-treatment techniques such as the use of catalysts and particle filters. Many of the state-of-the-art analytical instruments do not meet the required detection limits, in combination with a high temporal resolution necessary for engine optimization. This paper reports a new detection system and the first results of its application to on-line diesel exhaust soot measurements on a engine test bench (MAN diesel engine facility Nürnberg, Germany). The instrument is based on differential photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy of black carbon aerosol. It contains two identical PA cells, one for the measurement of the aerosol particles and one which analyses the particle-free gas. Thus, a potential cross-sensitivity to gaseous absorbers in the exhaust gas can be excluded. The PA cells were characterized in a laboratory set-up, with water vapor as reference gas and artificial soot generated by a spark discharge generator. The detection limit was found to be 2 microg m(-3) BC (for diesel soot) with a sampling rate of 3 Hz. The temporal response of the system was found to be in the order of 1 s. After full characterization of the cells, the system was transferred into a mobile 19"-rack. Characterization of the mobile sensor system under real-world conditions was performed during several measurement campaigns at an engine test bench for heavy-duty diesel engines. Results for the limit of detection, the time resolution, accuracy, repeatability, and robustness of the sensor system are very promising with regards to a routine application of the system in engine development.     

A mesoporous Pt/TiO2 nanoarchitecture with catalytic and photocatalytic functions

A novel metal/semiconductor nanocomposite with catalytic and photocatalytic functions has been prepared. The new material consists of highly dispersed platinum (Pt) nanoparticles embedded in a cubic mesoporous nanocrystalline anatase (meso-nc-TiO2) thin film. The porous thin film possesses a narrow pore-size distribution and a large surface area. The diameter of the Pt cluster can be controlled to below 5 nm, and the high dispersion of these clusters gives rise to catalytic activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, an important reaction for automobile exhaust treatment. This novel ordered mesoporous Pt/TiO2 nanoarchitecture is also a promising photochemical material, as demonstrated by the photo-driven killing of Micrococcus lylae cells on the film.     

Trace enrichment and measurement of platinum by flow injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A flow injection system incorporating an alumina microcolumn has been coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for on-line preconcentration and determination of platinum (IV) in natural waters. Depending on the nature of the sample, a nominal preconcentration factor of up to 600 can be achieved by eluting with 50l of 2 mol/l NH₄OH. The limit of detection after a 5 min preconcentration time was 4 ngl^-1, with a relative standard deviation of 4% (100 ngl^-1 working solution). The proposed method was assessed for the determination of platinum (IV) in natural waters, motor car exhaust and some common analytical reagents.