改革定量化学分析实验教材的探索

目前我国高校使用的定量化学分析实验教材,对学生掌握基本理论和概念,加强实验技能的训练起着重要作用。然而我们在教学实践中逐渐感到这些教材对培养学生的实验能力和主动性方面尚未提供足够的机会和条件。为此我校对实验教材的改革作了些尝试,根据不同专业的不同要求编写教材,化工类实验教材按“先详后简”的轮廓编写;而应用化学专业则采用“设     

本科化学专业实验教学模式的改革与实践

以培养学生的创新思维和实践能力为目标,对本科化学专业实验课程体系与内容进行了全面改革。将化学学科中传统的无机化学实验、有机化学实验、分析化学实验、物理化学实验4大实验的内容设计优化成基础实验、综合设计实验、研究创新实验3个实验模块,搭建了基础型、提高型、创新型3个能力训练层次和1条毕业设计/专业实习能力训练主线,构建了具有地方本科院校特色的化学专业 “331”实验课程新体系,实现了课程结构的模块化,实验内容的层次化和教学科研的一体化。实践证明,通过改革与实践激发了学生的学习兴趣和主动性,动手能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力都有一定程度的提高。     

高分子化学与物理实验教学探索与实践

根据东北大学应用化学专业特点,本文对高分子化学与物理实验教学的内容、方法及模式进行了全面的改革和深化。近年来,通过实践"巩固基础,加强综合性、设计性及研究性实验,开展趣味性实验,推广微型化实验,改革实验教学方法及完善实验考核方式"的改革模式表明:这对培养学生的实验动手能力、创新能力、科研能力及节能减排与环保意识等是十分必要的,同时也有利于激发学生的进取心和创造欲望,拓宽学生的思路,及提高学生的实验兴趣、主观能动性以与发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的应用能力。     

含氟牙膏对预防龋齿作用的体外模拟——推荐一个针对非化学专业学生的普通化学设计实验

介绍一个针对非化学专业学生开设的普通化学设计实验。以蛋壳为牙齿的替代物,探究含氟牙膏对预防龋齿的作用。实验内容贴近生活,涉及很多化学相关原理;实验形式新颖,可拓展性和创新性强。在实验讲义编写上采用互动提问模式,通过问答引导学生进行实验设计。     

工程认证背景下高分子材料与工程专业实验教学的改革初探

基于专业认证视角,分析了高分子材料与工程专业实验教学的现状及存在问题,提出了改革实验实践课程的具体举措。遵循工程认证的三个核心理念(以学生为中心、产出导向、持续改进),聚焦学生解决复杂工程问题能力的培养,我校本专业对课程体系进行调整,构建了"链条式"实验课程体系,促进理论与实践的无缝对接;对实验课程实施过程性评价,建立了形成性评价与结果性评价并重的评价体系;通过提高综合性与探究性实验的比例,精心设计高分子综合实验,来提高学生解决复杂工程问题的能力。     

应用化学专业实验教学改革与学生科研能力培养的探索

对应用化学专业实验教学改革以及学生科研能力培养进行了探索, 结果表明, 通过改变教学观念、精选实验内容、采用自主学习教学模式、引入教师科研成果、构建综合实验平台, 可以有效提高学生的创新能力和科研能力。     

以创新培养为主线构建综合化学实验与科研训练体系

针对地方大学既培养基础性化学人才,又服务于地域经济社会发展的特点,提出了构建化学学科本科各专业一体化教学实验平台。该平台分为“基础化学实验”和“综合化学实验与科学研究训练”两个层次。后一层次是目前改革实践的重点。综合化学实验与科学研究训练体系划分为综合化学实验和科学研究训练两个阶段：综合化学实验又包括化学各专业通修的化学综合实验和分专业选修的专业综合实验两个层次,以满足基础性和应用性两种类型学生的需求;科学研究训练则通过科学研究成果转化形成的科研综合实验和介入教师科学研究工作的科学研究课题两个层次,培养学生的科学思维和能力。这样的体系概述为多层次递进式创新素质培养科学综合实验体系。通过这一实验体系,探索实践通识教育和专业教育有机结合,同时又着力体现“加强基础、淡化专业”的教育理念。     

《高分子结构与性能的现代测试技术》教材的建设

为了提升化学学科本硕贯通高层次人才的培养质量,我们编写了实验课程“现代化学实验与技术”教材——《高分子结构与性能的现代测试技术》。本教材构建了本硕贯通实验课程教学的新模式,体现出夯实专业基础知识、面向高分子学科前沿性科学研究、注重“个性化”培养学生科研实践能力以及通识性和实用性的特色。     

《义务教育课程标准实验教科书·化学》分析

本文在研究《全日制义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)》(以下简称《课程标准》)的基础上,对中学化学国家课程标准研制组编写的《义务教育课程标准实验教科书·化学》(九年级上册、下册)(以下简称《标准组化学》)的体系结构、体例与栏目、特点与启示等进行了分析,并对教科书的编写和修订提出了建议。《标准组化学》从学生的发展需要构建教科书内容体系,体现化学与科技进步和社会发展的关系,贴近学生的生活实际,加强科学探究活动,提倡多样化的学习方式。这些新的尝试体现了化学课程改革的新理念,反映了《课程标准》的精神和要求,有利于培养学生的创新意识和实践能力,全面地提高学生的科学素养。     

基于专业认证的“高分子材料与工程专业实验”课程教学改革

从工程教育专业认证要求出发,分析"高分子材料与工程专业实验"实验教学的现状及存在问题,基于专业认证视角,提出该实验课程改革的思路和方法。为更好地适应专业认证的要求,提高学生解决复杂工程问题的能力,明确了该实验课程支撑的毕业要求和指标点,在现有实验教学内容基础上,新增了与经济、环保相关度更高的实验项目,提高设计性和开放创新性实验比例,并增加了实验过程的动态评价,在提高学生解决复杂工程问题能力的同时,实现了实验教学的可持续发展。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.