固定化辣根过氧化物酶和硫堇的过氧化物传感器

利用卡拉胶水凝胶将辣根过氧化物酶和硫堇同时固定在玻碳电极表面,制备以硫堇为媒介体的过氧化物电化学传感器.包埋在卡拉胶水凝胶中的硫堇在pH=7.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中出现了1对氧化还原峰,氧化峰电位和还原峰电位分别在-0.176和-0.264 V,电位差为88 mV,电流比近似为1,说明硫堇在电极表面发生准可逆的电化学反应.硫堇能作为辣根过氧化物酶催化还原过氧化物中的电子媒介体,加速催化还原过程中的电子传递,减少了催化还原过程中的其它氧化物的干扰.传感器检测过氧化物(过氧化氢、异丙苯基过氧化氢、过氧化丁酮、叔丁基过氧化氢)具有较快的响应时间和良好的灵敏度、重现性、稳定性及较长的使用寿命.     

基于氰化物对辣根过氧化物酶的抑制作用测定氰化物的研究

基于氰化物对辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的抑制作用,将辣根过氧化物酶电极用于水中的微量氰化物的测定。酶电极制作中,先在金电极表面自组装一层半胱胺单层膜,再用戊二醛交联HRP。采用这种酶固定化方法,电极在6.0×10-5～4×10-3mol/LH2O2的浓度范围呈线性关系。探讨了工作电位、介体浓度、pH值、底物浓度等实验条件对酶电极性能及抑制过程中响应电流的影响,考察了电极的重现性、干扰及使用寿命。电极检测氰化物的线性范围为0.3～20μg/mL,检出限为100ng/mL,将电极用于水中CN-回收率的测定,结果良好。     

过氧化物酶催化反应的底物结构的研究

研究了２３种物对过氧化物酶催化过氢氧化佳味醇反应的竞争性抑制作用，提出抑制常数Ｋｉ值的计算方法，并通过对各种物质抑制常数大小的比较和分析，提出了过氧化物酶催化氧化还原反应的最佳底物结构。     

猪肉中过氧化物酶活性的TMB法研究

以3,5,3',5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)为底物对猪肉过氧化物酶(POD)的酶学特性以及猪肉不同部位过氧化物酶活性水平进行了较为系统的研究,并以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)为标准酶获得了酶活性标准曲线.猪肉过氧化物酶在温度38℃,pH 4.80时活性最高.酶浓度与酶反应初始阶段的酶活性有较好的线性关系,氢供体底物TMB的最佳浓度为2.80×10-4 mol/L,浓度过大则会抑制酶的活性,氢受体底物过氧化氢的浓度与酶活性有较好的线性关系和较宽的线性范围(0～4.20×10-3 mol/L).猪肉不同部位如腰条(指外腰条)、里脊(指内腰条)、后腿、前腿、三层、腱子中POD活性大小不同,前三者的POD活性相近且活性较小,而后三者活性较为相近且活性较大.通过辣根过氧化物酶标准曲线可以求估待测样品中POD的活性值.     

辣根过氧化物酶直接电化学传感器检测过氧化物的研究

该文以高比表面积的泡沫镍电极(Ni foam)为基础,通过电沉积碳纳米管(CNTs)制备了CNTs/Ni foam。然后在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的辅助下,通过一步法电沉积纳米金(AuNPs)将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)固定到电极表面,制备了HRP-AuNPs/CNTs/Ni foam直接电化学酶传感器。并采用SEM、能谱(EDS)和电化学方法对该电极进行了表征,优化了测试电位和pH值,将该传感器对过氧化氢及2种有机过氧化物进行了检测。结果表明,该传感器性能良好,对过氧化氢、过氧化氢异丙苯、2-过氧化丁酮具有良好的催化检测性能,其检出限分别为1.2×10~(-7)、4.5×10~(-7)、2.5×10~(-7) mol/L。     

辣根过氧化物酶分光光度法测定黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性

研究了以辣根过氧化物酶-苯酚-4-氨基安替比林反应显色新体系,检测黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活力的新方法。确定该酶活性测定的最佳条件为:辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)7000 U/L,4-氨基安替比林(AAP)1 mmol/L,苯酚(PA)6 mmol/L,黄嘌呤(XAN)1 mmol/L溶于50 mmol/L Tris-CL缓冲液(pH 8.4);反应温度为37℃,保温时间为20 m in;检测波长为508 nm。本方法测定XOD酶活的线性范围为5.0~100.0 U/L,线性关系良好(r=0.9992),检出限为1.3 U/L。该方法操作简单易行,测定结果准确可靠。可有效应用于普通实验室和临床常规生化检测。     

扫描电化学显微镜研究辣根过氧化物酶催化反应的动力学

本文通过β-环糊精与环氧氯丙烷反应,合成了交联预聚物,进而在酸性条件下与戊二醛和辣根过氧化物酶反应,从而把辣根过氧化物酶固定在所形成的聚合物绝缘体基底上.应用扫描电化学显微镜的反馈模式,研究了辣根过氧化物酶的催化反应动力学.通过对扫描电化学显微镜在酶点上的反馈曲线与理论曲线的拟合,测得了一级反应速率常数,并用此方法研究了pH对反应速率常数的影响.在pH=7.0时,辣根过氧化物酶的活性最高,与文献报道一致,结果满意.     

基于伴刀豆球蛋白固定过氧化物酶无介体新型生物传感器的研制

以纳米金吸附辣根过氧化物酶,用活化的伴刀豆球蛋白(Con A)将其固定在裸金电极表面,研制成一种新型的无介体辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器。探讨了纳米金的尺寸、组装膜层数、工作电位和pH等实验条件对传感器性能的影响。在pH7.0,外加电压-150mV(vs.SCE)条件下,传感器对H2O2在5.0×10-6~1.2×10-2mol/L范围内呈线性关系;检出限为2.9×10-6mol/L。将传感器用于实际样品的测定,结果良好。     

辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器的制备及其应用于过氧化氢的测定

通过将碳纳米管及二氧化钛复合材料(CNT-TiO2)修饰于金电极表面,并借其对辣根过氧化物酶的静电吸附和对羧酸基的高反应特性,使辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)固定在CNT-TiO2表面,制成了辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器(HRP-CNT-TiO2)。对此修饰电极在磷酸盐缓冲介质(pH7.2)中的电催化性质及其电催化反应的最佳条件作了研究。试验结果表明,此电极对过氧化氢有很好的电催化特性,且发现当过氧化氢的浓度在4.2×10-7~3.2×10-4mol.L-1之间与ΔI之间呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为7.2×10-8mol.L-1。为试验方法的精密度,对过氧化氢的浓度水平为5×10-5mol.L-1的条件下进行了8次测定,结果的RSD值为4.5%。     

超顺磁性氧化石墨烯复合材料固定辣根过氧化物酶催化去除氯酚

采用超声辅助共沉淀法成功地将磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒沉积在氧化石墨烯表面,利用透射电镜、磁滞回归曲线和X射线光电子能谱对材料进行了表征。将该材料作为载体固定辣根过氧化物酶,考察了固定化酶催化2-氯酚、4-氯酚和2,4-二氯酚降解反应,研究了溶液pH值、反应温度、反应时间、H2O2和氯酚浓度以及固定化酶用量对酚类物质去除率的影响。基于取代基数量和位置不同,去除率排序为2-氯酚<4-氯酚<2,4-二氯酚。另外,采用GC-MS研究了降解过程中的氧化产物。固定化酶的生化性质研究表明,固定化酶比游离酶具有更好的储存稳定性、pH稳定性和热稳定性。经过4次循环利用,固定化酶仍保留66%的活性,说明磁性纳米材料可以分离回收并重复利用,在污水处理领域具有应用前景。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.