纳米铜粒子制备及二次稳定的研究

选用硫酸铜为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为稳定剂,以硼氢化钠为还原剂,采用液相还原法制备纳米铜颗粒。CTAB既是一种表面活性剂又是一种稳定剂。添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对制备的纳米铜溶胶进行二次稳定。考察铜盐及稳定剂对所形成的铜纳米粒子的稳定性的影响。通过紫外-可见分光光度计、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜等表征手段对纳米铜进行表征。结果显示,紫外吸收光谱在570nm处有纳米铜特征吸收峰,SDBS二次稳定后的纳米铜颗粒无论在形貌上还是分散性上都有所改善。XRD图谱通过Scherrer计算得出铜纳米粒子平均粒径为13nm,与透射图像分析吻合。     

花团状纳米铜的制备和催化性能

采用液相化学还原法,以六元瓜环(Q[6])为修饰剂,CuSO4·5H2O为铜源,抗坏血酸为还原剂制备纳米铜.采用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜及紫外-可见吸收光谱对产物进行结构和形貌表征.结果表明,产物纳米铜呈特殊的花团状结构,花团直径约为2.0μm.花团状纳米铜对染料罗丹明B和次甲基蓝的催化结果显示,在40℃和H2O2辅助下,60mg/L花团状纳米铜在120min内对罗丹明B和次甲基蓝的降解率大于83%.     

超临界二氧化碳中功能化聚乙二醇稳定的钯纳米粒子催化醇的选择氧化反应

 以超临界二氧化碳 (scCO2)/聚乙二醇 (PEG) 两相为反应介质, 双齿氮配体功能化聚乙二醇稳定的 Pd 纳米颗粒作为催化剂, 进行了醇的需氧氧化反应. 系统研究了催化剂制备条件和反应条件对苯甲醇需氧氧化反应的影响. 结果表明, 以氢气为还原剂制备的 Pd 纳米粒子的催化活性最高. 反应结束后, 可以利用 scCO2 直接进行原位萃取得到产物, 实现了催化剂与产物的有效分离和催化剂的循环使用. 反应中没有检测到钯的流失. 催化剂经过 5 次循环利用后转化率仍可达 98%.     

壳聚糖修饰的Pt纳米粒子

以氯铂酸为前驱体,硼氢化钠为还原剂,壳聚糖为保护剂,通过化学还原法,在室温条件下制备了Pt纳米粒子.透射电镜(TEM)显示纳米粒子的粒径在28.5nm左右,X-射线衍射(XRD)表明纳米粒子的晶型为面心立方结构,X-光电子能谱(XPS)和红外(FTIR)证实了壳聚糖包覆在纳米粒子表面,热重分析(TGA)表明纳米粒子表面的壳聚糖含量大约为52.8％.     

化学还原法制备纳米铜

以硼氢化钾为还原剂、硫酸铜为氧化剂并添加PVP等辅助材料,采用还原法成功地制备了改性酚醛树脂用纳米铜.通过XRD和TEM对纳米铜进行了表征.结果显示,纳米铜呈球形,粒径为10～50 nm.探讨了BH₄^-与Cu²⁺的反应历程,认为该反应是分三步进行的:第一步是铜的还原反应;第二步是生成的H⁺分别与BH₄^-和OH^-的反应,这是一对竞争反应;第三步是硼的水解反应.在反应过程中,硼氢化钾与硫酸铜消耗的摩尔比为2:1.     

金属纳米颗粒制备中的还原剂与修饰剂*

金属纳米颗粒由于其独特的光学、电学、化学性质以及各种潜在的应用价值,受到不少研究人员的广泛关注。实现金属纳米粒子尺寸、形貌可控,改善粒子分散性和稳定性,提高产率及纯度已成为具有挑战性的研究课题,不断发展和完善金属纳米粒子的合成方法则显得尤为重要。本文总结了目前制备金属纳米材料的几种化学方法：化学试剂还原法、电化学还原法、辐射还原法等,分类介绍了化学试剂还原法中常用的无机、有机还原剂,以及含氮、磷、羧基、巯基小分子有机化合物以及高分子聚合物等修饰剂并重点总结了其还原和修饰机理。     

多核核壳结构银胶粒的制备及其抑菌特性

银纳米粒子具有广谱抗菌性,但自身由于具有较高的表面能容易发生团聚.本文以聚醚胺为还原剂和稳定剂,利用光化学还原法,合成了聚乙二醇包覆的银纳米粒子.通过透射电子显微镜分析表明该胶体粒子具有多核核壳结构,聚乙二醇包裹的银纳米颗粒粒径在14 nm左右,整个胶体粒子粒径在45 nm左右.抑菌实验结果表明这种银纳米胶体对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果.     

维生素E绿色还原法制备银纳米粒子的研究

采用一种绿色还原法制备银纳米粒子,以维生素E为还原剂,淀粉为稳定剂,在液相中还原硫酸银,通过改变溶液的pH值和反应时间,得到不同粒径的黄色银纳米粒子,并分别采用透射电镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、扫描电镜和电化学方法对银纳米粒子进行表征。结果表明:维生素E在溶液中被氧化生成苯醌,反应得到的银纳米粒子为球形,粒径为8~25 nm;在较强碱性条件下,得到的银纳米粒子尺寸较小,分布较均匀,其平均粒径约为10 nm;不同条件下生成的银溶胶分别在417、411、409、408 nm处出现紫外吸收峰,这些吸收峰均为银纳米粒子的表面共振吸收;生成的银纳米粒子具有很好的电化学性质,并对L-半胱氨酸的电化学反应显示了良好的催化活性。     

银纳米粒子合成与表征的仪器分析综合性实验

介绍一个银纳米粒子合成与表征的仪器分析综合性实验。基于化学还原法合成银纳米粒子,利用电镜和光学仪器分析方法表征银纳米粒子的性质,考察了还原剂与硝酸银的量对银纳米粒子光学性质的影响及银纳米粒子溶液浓度与吸光度的关系。该实验综合了学生在基础化学实验阶段所学习的物质制备、仪器表征等基本实验技能,且操作步骤简单,表征方法直观,便于学生掌握。     

铜纳米粒子的制备及其对环境污染物的催化降解

本文以CuCl_2·2H_2O为铜源,在室温下合成了新的铜纳米粒子,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成的产物进行分析和表征。研究发现在合成的过程中氨水和苯酚的加入对铜纳米粒子的形成具有一定的保护作用,使合成的铜纳米粒子不易被氧化;同时探究了铜纳米粒子作为催化剂降解环境中的有机污染物,如对硝基苯酚(4-NP)、罗丹明B(Rh B)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和甲基橙(MO),和不同反应温度下催化剂对降解环境污染物的影响。运用朗伯比尔定律和准一级动力学公式计算不同温度下的降解速率及反应速率常数,结果显示合成的铜纳米粒子具有很好的催化性能。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.