毛细管电泳分离氟苯甲酸同系物

建立了毛细管区带电泳分离测定10种氟苯甲酸同系物的方法.考察了缓冲溶液的组成添加剂浓度、酸度及分离电压等因素的影响.选定的分离条件为:分离电压为17 kV,30 mmol/L β-环糊精(β-CD)+22 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲溶液作为电泳缓冲液(pH 8.80),检测波长为214 nm.在上述条件下,10种氟苯甲酸同系物在7.5 min 内可完全分离,检出限为0.8～4.5 mg/L; 峰面积相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.3%～4.3%;回收率为88.9%～102.8%.本方法高效、快速、简便,有望应用于油田示踪剂中氟苯甲酸同系物的分析.     

毛细管区带电泳法拆分匹伐他汀钙对映体

建立了匹伐他汀钙对映体的毛细管区带电泳(CZE)拆分方法。分别考察了电泳电压,缓冲溶液种类、浓度及pH值,环糊精种类及浓度,添加剂种类及浓度等参数对实验结果的影响,从而确定了匹伐他汀钙对映体的最佳拆分条件: 电泳电压为18 kV;运行缓冲溶液为80 mmol/L的Tris-HCl缓冲体系,pH值为3.20,其中含有50 mmol/L HP-β-CD(羟丙基-β-环糊精)和5 mmol/L SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠);采用重力进样,进样高度17 cm,进样时间为2 s。在优化的实验条件下,匹伐他汀钙对映体得到了较好的分离,分离度可达2.17。实验结果表明该方法可用于匹伐他汀钙对映体的分离,具有快速、便捷、准确性好等优点。     

微流控芯片非接触电导检测法测定药片中盐酸奈福泮

建立了微流控芯片非接触电导检测法测定片剂中盐酸奈福泮含量的方法.探讨并优化了缓冲溶液种类和配比、添加剂、分离电压和进样时间等电泳分离条件.结果表明,以2mmol/L HAc+1mmol/L NaAc( pH4.5)不加添加剂为运行缓冲溶液,分离电压2.00 kV、进样时间10 s时,1min内可实现盐酸奈福泮快速分离检...     

高效毛细管电泳安培法测定海虾中呋喃唑酮的残留量

建立了测定虾中呋喃唑酮残留量的高效毛细管电泳-安培法.探讨了缓冲溶液浓度、酸碱度及其操作电压,进样时间,有机添加剂等条件对检测的影响.在硼砂-氢氧化钠(硼砂浓度为30mmol/L, pH:9.0)为电泳介质,甲醇为有机添加剂,在25kV分离高压的实验条件下:方法的线性范围为0.5～100mg/L,相关系数r=0.9992,检出限为0.01mg/L.     

毛细管电泳电致化学发光法测定家犬体内甲氧氯普胺的血药浓度

基于甲氧氯普胺对钌联吡啶电化学发光信号的增敏作用, 建立了检测甲氧氯普胺的毛细管电泳电致化学发光新方法. 最佳实验条件为: 检测电位1.18 V, 钌联吡啶浓度5 mmol/L, 检测池磷酸缓冲溶液40 mmol/L (pH 7.2), 分离磷酸缓冲溶液20 mmol/L (pH 6.1), 进样电压12 kV, 进样时间10 s, 分离电压14 kV. 方法的检测限(3σ)为5.0×10^－3 mg/L, 线性范围为 0.03～9.52 mg/L, 相关系数为0.9990, 回收率为98.0%～101.7%. 对家犬体内甲氧氯普胺血药浓度的监测发现, 给药1.5 h血药浓度达到最大值, 血药浓度的半衰期约为4 h. 本方法具有简便、快速、灵敏、进样量少等特点, 可用于甲氧氯普胺血药浓度监控和药物动力学研究.     

扑尔敏对映体的毛细管电泳-方波安培分离检测

报道了以未涂层融硅石英毛细管(50 cm×75 μm)为分离柱,5 mmol/L NaOH+10 mmol/L Citric acid +3 mmol/L H3BO3+10 mmol/L β-CD (pH 3.5) 为电泳介质,分离电压12 kV,检测电压0.80 V,建立了朴尔敏对映体拆分的高效毛细管电泳-方波安培检测方法.对缓冲溶液的种类、浓度、pH、分离电压对拆分效果的影响进行了讨论,并对拆分机理进行了探讨.     

苯二酚异构体电迁移行为预测与研究

系统研究了邻、间、对苯二酚3种异构体在毛细管区带电泳中的迁移行为,从理论上分析了解离常数、缓冲液pH与迁移行为之间的关系,进行了定量预测。通过实验讨论了缓冲溶液类型及浓度、缓冲溶液的pH、分离电压等因素对三种异构体分离的影响,获得了优化的分离条件。结果表明,使用未涂层石英毛细管柱(50μmi.d.,50 cm,有效长度为45 cm),在检测波长225 nm,硼砂缓冲溶液30 mmol/L,pH为8.5~9.15,分离电压为10~25 kV的条件下,苯二酚3种异构体均可按对、间、邻的顺序得到基线分离,实验结果与理论预测相符。     

毛细管电泳中移动反应界面法富集和检测尿样中的氧化苦参碱

采用建立在移动反应界面理论上的体系进行尿样中氧化苦参碱的富集与定量检测。与传统的毛细管电泳相比,体系中引入了富集缓冲溶液(富集相)和分离缓冲溶液(分离相)。优化的条件如下:样品缓冲溶液为20 mmol/L 甲酸钠(用氨水调节pH至10.70),富集缓冲溶液为40 mmol/L 甲酸-甲酸钠(pH 2.60),分离缓冲溶液为100 mmol/L 甲酸-甲酸钠(pH 4.80);样品相压力进样1.4 kPa×3 min,富集相压力进样1.4 kPa×7 min,紫外检测波长210 nm,电压21 kV。氧化苦参碱在2.2~65 mg/L的质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9991),检出限为0.74 mg/L,灵敏度比常规毛细管电泳方法提高约70倍,重现性良好。该方法已经成功地应用于尿样中氧化苦参碱的检测。     

毛细管电泳安培检测法测定密蒙花中的黄酮类化合物

采用毛细管电泳-安培检测法(CE-AD)对蒙花苷、刺槐素、木犀草素和芹黄素四种黄酮类化合物进行分离分析.在电极电位为+0.95 V(vs.Ag/AgCl),电泳运行液为pH=9.00的60 mmol/L Na2 B4O7-120 mmol/L NaH2 PO4缓冲溶液,分离电压为18kV时,四种黄酮类化合物得到完全分离...     

在线酸坝富集-毛细管区带电泳法测定槐角中的染料木素

建立了分离测定槐角提取液中染料木素的在线酸坝富集-毛细管区带电泳方法,考察了酸的种类、酸的及浓度、进样/进酸时间比例等因素对堆积效率的影响.实验以20mmol/L硼砂(pH 10.5)作为缓冲溶液,200mmol/L柠檬酸溶液(pH 1.7)作为酸坝,进样、进酸时间分别为180s和45s,在分离电压15kV,检测波长2...     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.