用原子力显微技术研究乙酰胆碱与乙酰胆碱酯酶之间的作用力

建立了用原子力显微技术研究乙酰胆碱 (ACh)与乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)分子间作用力的方法 .通过化学修饰将AChE固定于云母镀金表面 ,将ACh吸附于原子力显微镜的Si3 N4尖端 ,在对AChE成象基础上通过力谱线测量研究ACh与AChE分子间作用力 .结果表明两者间引力在相距 ( 3.94± 0 .5 )nm时可以测到 ,相互接触时为 ( 1 0± 1 )pN ;粘附力为 ( 2 5± 2 )pN .ACh水解产物Ch与AChE间的引力与ACh相似 ,粘附力略小于ACh ,为 ( 2 0± 2 )pN .这些结果证实AChE对乙酰胆碱具有导向作用 ,Ch难以通过活性中心离开乙酰胆碱酯酶 .     

基于目标物调控原位生成量子点的杀扑磷荧光传感新方法研究

基于目标物调控原位生成荧光物质,建立了硫化镉量子点(CdS QDs)介导的荧光传感器,实现了大米中有机磷农药杀扑磷的高灵敏、高选择性分析检测.乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)催化水解硫代乙酰胆碱(ATCh)生成硫代胆碱(TCh),其作为稳定剂诱导原位生成大量CdS QDs,体系荧光信号增强.当目标农药杀扑磷存在时,AChE活性...     

6-羟基石松碱与乙酰胆碱酯酶的相互作用

目前治疗阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的主要药物为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(AChEI).为探讨石松碱类化合物对AChE的抑制作用,以6-羟基石松碱(6-hydroxylycopodine,HLD)为对象,应用核磁共振、分子对接、酶活性测定、分子动力学模拟及自由能分析,研究了HLD与AChE的相互作用.研究发现6-羟基石松碱对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有混合型抑制作用,其结合作用主要来自氢键和范德华作用.     

欧芹酚甲醚肟酯类化合物的制备及其抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性研究

为研发具有AChE双位点抑制的新型乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,本论文以香豆素类化合物欧芹酚甲醚为先导化合物,通过氧化、还原、酯化等反应设计合成了14个欧芹酚甲醚肟酯衍生物,并经核磁共振波谱(NMR)和质谱(MS)进行结构确证。采用Ellman法测定了目标化合物在1μmol·mL^-1下对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性,结果显示目标化合物4i和4n对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率分别达到61.6%和51.2%,且与化合物浓度呈正相关。分子对接分析表明化合物4i可以和AChE的催化位点和外周阴离子位点结合。     

乙酰胆碱酯酶与抑制剂分子对接的ABEEMσπ/MM研究

应用ABEEMσπ/MM方法,对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂Tacrine(塔克宁)与组胺转甲基酶进行了分子对接.然后对乙酰胆碱酯酶与4种乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的分子对接进行了研究.在研究中将受体分子固定,配体分子可自由移动,采用半柔性对接方式.通过对4种乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂与乙酰胆碱酯酶结合能大小的计算,得到结合能力大小顺序依次为:Donpezil(多奈哌齐)＞Huperzine(石杉碱甲)＞Rivastigmine(利发斯的明)＞Tacrine(塔克宁).这个顺序与实验中得到的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制活性IC50值大小顺序相一致.为使用该方法进行抑制剂设计提供参考.     

4-N-苯胺基喹啉衍生物的合成及胆碱酯酶抑制活性

设计合成了一系列4-N-苯胺基喹啉类衍生物,采用Ellman法测定了目标化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE)的抑制活性.结果表明,当喹啉环上连有伸长的吡啶季铵盐片段时,可显著提高目标化合物的胆碱酯酶抑制作用.化合物16对AChE和BChE具有明显的双重抑制作用,其IC_(50)值分别为0.92和14.20μmol/L,抑制效果强于阳性对照药加兰他敏.     

钯-四氧化三铁纳米复合物生物传感器的制备及检测有机磷农药的研究

合成钯-四氧化三铁纳米粒子(Pd-Fe3O4NPs)并制备了乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)电流型生物传感器用于检测有机磷杀虫剂。Pd-Fe3O4NPs在电极与乙酰胆碱酯酶之间提供了一个具有较高电子传导性、较好生物相容性和较强催化活性的微环境,有效地提高了乙酰胆碱酯酶的生物活性和有机磷杀虫剂对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用。以对硫磷为有机磷杀虫剂模型分子,乙酰胆碱酶的抑制率与对硫磷浓度在5×10-12～1×10-9mol/L之间呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为2.5×10-12mol/L。     

金-乙酰胆碱酯酶纳米复合物膜电化学检测有机磷农药

本文构建了一种基于界面法合成的金-乙酰胆碱酯酶(Au-AChE)纳米复合膜,并用于电化学检测有机磷农药.固定于电极表面的Au-AChE纳米复合膜中的AChE催化氯化乙酰胆碱(ATCl)水解生成硫代胆碱,硫代胆碱在特定电位下产生氧化峰电流.有机磷农药对AChE有抑制作用,当溶液中有机磷农药增多时,AChE催化ATCl水解生成硫代胆碱量减少,氧化峰电流下降.在最佳条件下,传感器用于甲胺磷检测的线性范围为0.005~5,5~100μg/mL,最低检出限为0.0011μg/mL,并显示出良好的稳定性与重现性,可用于实际样品中甲胺磷的检测.研究表明,界面法合成的金膜能有效固定AChE,并可拓展到其他生物分子的固定,以期构建不同的生物传感器.     

基于乙酰胆碱酯酶构建pH响应生物传感器用于Hg(Ⅱ)检测

以磁纳米颗粒和金纳米颗粒为载体,以核酸适配体和Hg~(2+)为生物识别单元,构建一种乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)联Hg~(2+)生物传感平台。分别对磁纳米颗粒进行适配体功能化,金纳米颗粒进行AChE修饰和适配体的功能化,通过目标物Hg~(2+)驱动富含碱基T的适配体形成T-Hg~(2+)-T结构,形成金-磁组装体,通过磁分离调控检测体系中AChE的浓度,AChE催化底物乙酰胆碱(ACh)水解引起反应体系的pH变化,从而实现目标物Hg~(2+)的定量检测。结果表明,方法检测范围为0.1～10 ng/mL,检出限为0.05 ng/mL。将该方法应用于自来水样品中Hg~(2+)的检测,当加标水平为0.1,1,10 ng/mL时,回收率为102.2%～113.2%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～4.1%。     

前胡内酯肟酯衍生物的合成及其抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性评价

本文以香豆素类化合物前胡内酯为先导化合物,设计合成了12个前胡内酯肟酯衍生物,所有目标化合物经熔点、~1H NMR和MS进行结构确证。体外抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性评价结果表明,在1μmol/mL浓度下,目标化合物4a和4k对AChE具有较强的抑制活性,其抑制率分别达到58.05%和66.27%。初步构效关系研究表明,引入吲哚环能提高前胡内酯对AChE的抑制活性。通过分子对接方法考察了化合物4k与AChE结合的模式,发现目标化合物可以和AChE的催化活性中心部位结合。     

Acetylcholinesterase based assay of eleven organophosphorus pesticides: finding of assay limitations

The study includes findings about limitations of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) based assay. Eleven organophosphorus pesticides: chlorpyrifos ethyl, chlorpyrifos methyl, DFP, dichlorvos, dimethoate, fenthion, paraoxon ethyl, paraoxon methyl, phosalone, pirimiphos methyl and pirimiphos ethyl were photometrically assayed using AChE as a recognition element. The study was carried out in order to find approachability of AChE based assay. In the first round, common organic solvents were tested for interfering in assay, since samples collection and extraction is a necessary part in samples processing. Isopropanol was found as the most convenient due to minimal inhibition not exceeding 5%. Though all analysed pesticides inhibit AChE in vivo, some of them are toxic after metabolisation. We found AChE based assay approachable for assay of DFP, paraoxons, and dichlorvos. These are oxoforms of organophosphorus pesticides. From thioforms of assayed pesticides, only fenthion was able significantly inhibit AChE in vitro. Electrochemical biosensor with AChE attached on platinum electrode was used for confirmation of interaction pesticide – AChE and complex stability estimation. DFP, paraoxons and dichlorvos were allowed to interact with AChE in biosensor. These pesticides were settled firmly in AChE active site as no spontaneous recovery of AChE activity was observed.     

Rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residue on Prussian blue modified dual-channel screen-printed electrodes combing with portable potentiostat

A new method consisted of a dual-channel screen-printed electrode (DSPE) efficient modified with Prussian blue and acetylcholinesterase was developed for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues.     

Detection of organophosphorus insecticides with immobilized acetylcholinesterase – comparative study of two enzyme sensors

Two-enzyme systems based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) - a mono-enzyme system based on AChE, with p-aminophenyl acetate as substrate, and a bi-enzyme system based on AChE and tyrosinase, with phenyl acetate as substrate - have been studied for detection of organophosphate insecticides. The analytical performance and detection limits for determination of the pesticides were compared for the two AChE configurations. The enzyme loading, pH, and applied potential of the bi-enzyme system were optimised. When phenyl acetate was used as substrate for AChE activity the phenol generated by enzymatic hydrolysis was determined with a second enzyme, tyrosinase. Amperometric measurements were performed at 100 mV and -150 mV relative to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode for the mono-enzyme and bi-enzyme systems. Screen-printed sensors were used to detect the organophosphorus pesticides paraoxon and chlorpyrifos ethyl oxon; the detection limits achieved with phenyl acetate as substrate were 5.2x10(-3) mg L(-1) and 0.56x10(-3) mg L(-1), respectively.     

First efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of poisoned human acetylcholinesterase

Nerve agents are highly toxic organophosphorus compounds with strong inhibition potency against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Herein, we describe two first extremely promising uncharged reactivators for poisoned human AChE with a superior or similar in vitro ability to reactivate the enzyme as compared to that of HI-6, obidoxime, TMB-4 and HL?-7.     

Au掺杂Fe3O4纳米粒子酶传感器的制备及其应用于有机磷农药检测的研究

合成了金掺杂的四氧化三铁纳米粒子(Au-Fe₃O₄), 以壳聚糖为交联剂, 制备了电流型乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)生物传感器, 并将其应用于有机磷农药(OPs)的检测. 实验表明, Au-Fe₃O₄纳米粒子具有良好的生物兼容性, 能够有效地促进电子传递, 修饰了Au-Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的酶传感器, 响应速度快, 检测灵敏度高, 稳定性好; 固定在传感器上的乙酰胆碱酯酶有良好的酶动力学响应, 其表观米氏常数( )为10.3 mmol/L. 利用有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用, 以硫代乙酰胆碱(ATCh)为底物, 对有机磷农药敌敌畏进行了检测, 检测限达到4.0×10^－13 mol/L.     

Electrochemical Assay of Effects of Organophosphate Poisoning on Acetylcholinesterase from Pheretima via 2,6-Dimethyl-p-benzoquinone

Electroanalytical techniques could be a reliable and promising alternative to classical and sophisticated methods because of their simplicity(small and portable), easy use, the ability to deliver fast response with high sensitivity and selectivity. A square wave voltammetric method was developed for the assessment of organophosphorus(OPs) compound impact on acetylcholinesterase(AChE) of Pheretima with 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone(2,6- DMBQ) as a redox indicator. The substrate of acetylthiocholine is hydrolyzed by AChE and the produced thiocholine reacts with 2,6-DMBQ to give an obvious shift of electrochemical signal. The reduction peak of 2,6-DMBQ is located at around -0.18 V which is far away from the oxidation potential of possible interference components often present in biosample. The decreased rate of reduction current was related with the activity of AChE. The inhibition of parathion-methyl on AChE was assessed. The inhibiton rate of OPs on AChE activity increased quickly during the first 10 min inhibition, and after that the value of inhibition rate approached to be constant. AChE lost almost 29.3% of acti- vity after 10 min incubation with 1 mg/mL parathion-methyl and 67.5% of activity with 10 mg/mL parathion-methyl, while the activity that corresponds to 40 mg/mL parathion-methyl was nearly completely inhibited(94.9%). Compared to cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, Square wave voltammetry(SWV) method is a high sensitive electroanalysis with fast scan-rate(only several seconds for one signal value) which is useful to prevent the electrodes from possible fouling or passivation. This method can be employed to assess the inhibition of organophosphate on AChE and investigate OPs impact on environmental animals.     

A Disposable Biosensor for Organophosphorus Nerve Agents Based on Carbon Nanotubes Modified Thick Film Strip Electrode

A disposable biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase‐functionalized acid purified multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified thick film strip electrode for organophosphorus (OP) insecticides was developed. The degree of inhibition of the enzyme acteylcholinesterase (AChE) by OP compounds was determined by measuring the electrooxidation current of the thiocholine generated by the AChE catalyzed hydrolysis of acteylthiocholine (ATCh). The large surface area and electro‐catalytic activity of carbon nanotubes lowered the overpotential for thiocholine oxidation to 200 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) without the use of mediating redox species and enzyme immobilization by physical adsorption. The biosensor detected as low as 0.5 nM (0.145 ppb) of the model organophosphate nerve agent paraoxon with good precision, electrode to electrode reproducibility and stability. Analysis of real water sample using the sensor demonstrated the feasibility of the application of the sensor for on site monitoring of OP compounds.     

A sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for acetylcholinesterase: Synthesis,performance, mechanism and application

The detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is of great significance for studying the physiological functions of AChE and clinical diagnosis of pesticide poisoning. Herein, a small-molecule fluorescent probe BDFA was rationally designed and readily synthesized via a one-step reaction, which enables qualitative and quantitative detection of AChE. BDFA emits a slight fluorescence in an aqueous medium, while the fluorescence is significantly enhanced under the catalysis of AChE. Mechanism studies reveal that BDFA eliminates the N, N-dimethyl carbamate protective group in the presence of AChE and then spontaneously undergoes intramolecular cyclization conversion to generate an intense fluorescent product. Based on the above mechanism, BDFA exhibits a sensitive, selective, rapid and stable “turn-on” fluorescence response to AChE, without interference from pH, ions, thiols, amino acids and other enzymes. The fluorescence intensity of BDFA at 525 nm has a linear relationship with the AChE concentration in the range of 0.0045–1.0 U/mL, and the detection limit is 4.5 mU/mL. Moreover, BDFA is suitable for rapidly diagnosing AChE activity in blood samples, thus providing an efficient and convenient tool for diagnosing organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning. Compared with the reported AChE fluorescent probes, BDFA exhibits apparent advantages including simple synthesis, low detection limit and fast response speed.     

Optimisation of FIA system for detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides based on cholinesterase inhibition

The sensitivity of the bioanalytical FIA system containing different immobilised cholinesterases (AChEs from electric eel, human erythrocytes, bovine erythrocytes and BuChE from horse serum) for determination of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides was tested. Responses to some frequently used organophosphorus (paraoxon, oxydemeton-methyl, triazophos) and carbamate (carbofuran, propoxur) pesticides were found to be dependent on the origin of cholinesterases. The highest sensitivity was obtained by bioanalytical columns prepared with electric eel AChE while the lowest sensitivity was shown by the bioanalytical columns prepared with horse serum BuChE. The differences in responses for different enzymes were found to be less pronounced when the contact time between the enzyme and the pesticide is long enough (low flow rates). The optimal flow rate was chosen as a compromise between the duration of analysis and reasonably low limits of detection.     

Adsorption: an easy and efficient immobilisation of acetylcholinesterase on screen-printed electrodes

An amperometric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase was constructed by simple adsorption of the enzyme on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). This sensor was used to detect the inhibitory effects of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides on acetylcholinesterase, and more particularly of chlorpyrifos ethyl oxon (CP-o). We demonstrate that enzyme adsorption on SPEs allows to obtain stable sensors that present good characteristics and are as efficient as other screen-printed biosensors based on covalent binding or entrapment of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).